CN109892183B - Planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) seed soaking and germination accelerating; (2) land preparation and fertilization; (3) planting cyperus esculentus in a ridging and mulching film covering manner, and intercropping two lines of quinoa between two ridges of cyperus esculentus; (4) and (5) field management. Through the intercropping planting of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa, the serious reduction of the yield of the quinoa after the quinoa is planted in continuous cropping is avoided, the 'land intermission' phenomenon caused by long-term single cropping of the quinoa is prevented, the utilization rate of soil is improved, meanwhile, the yields of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa are improved, higher economic benefits are obtained, and the intercropping planting mode lays a foundation for the large-scale popularization and planting of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa in the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting.
Background
At present, the area of the saline-alkali soil in China is continuously enlarged, the saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in plains and basins in northwest, northeast, north China, coastal areas and the like, particularly in yellow river delta in large area, soil salinity is accumulated in the coastal areas due to long-time soaking and washing of seawater, and the area of the saline-alkali soil tends to be enlarged year by year. The saline-alkali soil has an inhibiting effect on the growth of common crops, the productivity level is low, the saline-alkali soil becomes an important factor for hindering the sustainable development of agriculture, and the planting and screening of salt-tolerant crops becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The cyperus esculentus has strong adaptability and saline-alkali resistance, and becomes an excellent choice for planting crops in saline-alkali soil. The existing planting research of the cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil is to plant and cultivate the cyperus esculentus by using the salt-resistant vertical seedling substrate, the growth condition of the cyperus esculentus is good, but the proportion of each component of the salt-resistant vertical seedling substrate needs to be strictly controlled due to different soil salinity and alkalinity of different saline-alkali soil and different varieties of the cyperus esculentus, so that the technical problem is solved, a large amount of time and manpower are consumed, and the cost is high. The other planting method adopts a saline-alkali soil plough layer replacement technology, has the limitations of large human resource consumption, large implementation difficulty and high cost, and is difficult to realize large-area and large-scale production of the cyperus esculentus. Moreover, as the cyperus esculentus does not form a complete industrial chain, the simple cropping planting mode of the cyperus esculentus is implemented, and the economic benefit of the cyperus esculentus cannot reach a higher level. Chenopodium quinoa has the characteristics of barren resistance, drought resistance and saline-alkali tolerance, and is a good attempt for planting crops in saline-alkali soil, but continuous cropping is not suitable in Chenopodium quinoa planting, continuous cropping is serious in disease, weeds grow, the consumption of nutrient substances in soil is large, and 'land break' is caused. In the existing intercropping planting mode, when the selection of intercropping varieties is not proper, the problems of fierce intercropping competition, yield reduction, crop quality reduction and the like are easily caused. At present, no report related to intercropping planting of cyperus esculentus and quinoa exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the invention provides a planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed soaking and germination accelerating: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-2 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12-16 hours, taking out the cyperus esculentus when the surface is wrinkle-free, putting the cyperus esculentus in a grass bag or a basket, covering the grass bag or the grass bag, washing the cyperus esculentus with warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12 hours, after 2-3 days of germination accelerating seed exposure, soaking the cyperus esculentus and quinoa seeds in plant ash leachate for 12 hours;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 25-30cm, then spraying a soil treatment agent, watering, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, applying 1500kg of the organic fertilizer per mu, and simultaneously applying 40kg of 45% of an equal-ratio ternary compound fertilizer;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of ridging, mulching film mulching and planting cyperus esculentus, intercropping two rows of quinoa in two ridges of cyperus esculentus, wherein when cyperus esculentus is planted, the ridge width is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge width for planting quinoa is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge spacing between cyperus esculentus and quinoa is 55-60cm, cyperus esculentus is sown at a temperature which is stable above 12 ℃, and quinoa and cyperus esculentus are sown at the same time;
(4) field management: weeding during intertillage, weeding when seedlings are exposed 5-20cm above the ground, harrowing with a short rake, increasing irrigation amount properly during tillering stage and fruit expansion stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly in the early stage of topdressing, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer mainly in the middle and later stages, and applying 300kg/hm of urea for the first time2The second time of adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2。
The method for extracting the plant ash used by the invention comprises the following steps: mixing plant ash and wood ash according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1 g: adding 20mL of water, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the plant ash, stirring and soaking for 40-50min, adding starch into the filtered solution, raising the temperature to 45-50 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 40min, and then cooling to room temperature.
The mass ratio of the starch to the plant ash is 1: 1.
the soil treatment agent used in the invention is sprayed into 1800kg per mu.
Further, the soil treatment agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: adding phosphogypsum into a reaction kettle, adding water to enable the water content of the phosphogypsum to reach 45-50%, then adding acrylic acid, uniformly stirring, heating to 60-65 ℃, then adding tartaric acid and hydrogen peroxide, continuing to keep the temperature and stir for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature.
The addition amount of the acrylic acid accounts for 3-5% of the mass of the phosphogypsum.
Further, the adding amount of the tartaric acid and the hydrogen peroxide accounts for 0.4 percent of the mass of the acrylic acid; the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 1.
the invention adjusts the single-cropping planting mode of the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil, implements the intercropping planting mode of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa in the saline-alkali soil, and meanwhile, changes the cultivation mode of changing the soil matrix for planting the cyperus esculentus in the saline-alkali soil from the previous method to the aspects of saline-alkali soil improvement and crop salt tolerance improvement. The cyperus esculentus and quinoa are intercropped, the space structure of crop germplasm resources and communities is reasonably configured, light energy, space and time resources are fully utilized, the yields of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa are improved, and the saline-alkali soil is improved. The soil conditioner provided by the invention can avoid the increase of heavy metal ion content caused by adding a large amount of phosphogypsum in saline-alkali soil, and meanwhile, the phosphogypsum is modified in advance, so that the saline-alkali soil is not hardened and cracked, has good water permeability, further improves the structure and physicochemical properties of the soil, enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and avoids the phenomenon that the salt content is increased due to excessive evaporation of water to cause the salt return of the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through the intercropping planting of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa, the serious reduction of the yield of the quinoa after the quinoa is planted in continuous cropping is avoided, the 'land intermission' phenomenon caused by long-term single cropping of the quinoa is prevented, the utilization rate of soil is improved, meanwhile, the yields of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa are improved, higher economic benefits are obtained, and the intercropping planting mode lays a foundation for the large-scale popularization and planting of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa in the saline-alkali soil;
2. the soil conditioner provided by the invention does not need improvement time of 2-3 years, and after the cyperus esculentus and quinoa are intercropped, the air permeability and water retention of soil are improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is improved, and the soil alkalization degree is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed soaking and germination accelerating: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-2 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12-16 hours, taking out the cyperus esculentus when the surface is wrinkle-free, putting the cyperus esculentus in a grass bag or a basket, covering the grass bag or the grass bag, washing the cyperus esculentus with warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12 hours, after 2-3 days of germination accelerating seed exposure, soaking the cyperus esculentus and quinoa seeds in plant ash leachate for 12 hours;
the method for leaching the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing plant ash and wood ash according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1 g: adding 20mL of water, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.3% of the plant ash, stirring and soaking for 40min, adding starch with the same mass as the plant ash into the filtered filtrate, raising the temperature to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 40min, and then airing to room temperature;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 30cm, then spraying 1800kg of soil treatment agent into each mu of saline-alkali soil, watering, and applying 1500kg of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and 40kg of 45% of equal-ratio ternary compound fertilizer in each mu of saline-alkali soil at a water humidity of 5 cm;
the soil treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: adding phosphogypsum into a reaction kettle, adding water to enable the water content of the phosphogypsum to reach 45%, then adding acrylic acid accounting for 5% of the mass of the phosphogypsum, uniformly stirring, heating to 65 ℃, then adding tartaric acid accounting for 0.4% of the mass of the acrylic acid and hydrogen peroxide equivalent to the tartaric acid, continuing to keep the temperature and stir for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of ridging, mulching film mulching and planting cyperus esculentus, intercropping two lines of quinoa in two ridges, wherein when cyperus esculentus is planted, the ridge width is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge width for planting quinoa is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge spacing between cyperus esculentus and quinoa is 55-60cm, cyperus esculentus is sown at a temperature which is stable above 12 ℃, and quinoa is sown 30 days after cyperus esculentus is sown;
(4) field management: weeding during intertillage, weeding when seedlings are exposed 5-20cm above the ground, harrowing with a short rake, increasing irrigation amount properly during tillering stage and fruit expansion stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly in the early stage of topdressing, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer mainly in the middle and later stages, and applying 300kg/hm of urea for the first time2The second time of adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2。
Comparative example 1
A planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed soaking and germination accelerating: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-2 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12-16 hours, taking out the cyperus esculentus when the surface is wrinkle-free, putting the cyperus esculentus in a grass bag or a basket, covering the grass bag or the grass bag, washing the cyperus esculentus with warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12 hours, after 2-3 days of germination accelerating seed exposure, soaking the cyperus esculentus and quinoa seeds in plant ash leachate for 12 hours;
the method for leaching the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing plant ash and wood ash according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1 g: adding 20mL of water, stirring, soaking for 40min, and filtering to obtain a filtrate;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 30cm, then spraying 1800kg of soil treatment agent (untreated phosphogypsum) into each mu of saline-alkali soil, watering, and applying 1500kg of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and 40kg of 45% of equal-proportion ternary compound fertilizer to each mu of saline-alkali soil, wherein the water humidity is 5 cm;
(3) the method comprises the steps of ridging, mulching film mulching and planting cyperus esculentus, two rows of chenopodium quinoa linn are intercropped between two ridges of cyperus esculentus, when cyperus esculentus is planted, the ridge width is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge width for planting chenopodium quinoa linn is 50cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge spacing between cyperus esculentus linn and chenopodium quinoa linn is 55-60cm, and the space between cyperus esculentus linn and chenopodium quinoa linn is 55-60 cm. Sowing cyperus esculentus at a temperature stable above 12 ℃, and sowing chenopodium quinoa and cyperus esculentus simultaneously;
(4) field management: weeding during intertillage, weeding when seedlings are exposed 5-20cm above the ground, harrowing with a short rake, increasing irrigation amount properly during tillering stage and fruit expansion stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly in the early stage of topdressing, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer mainly in the middle and later stages, and applying 300kg/hm of urea for the first time2The second time of adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2。
Comparative example 2
A method for planting cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed soaking and germination accelerating: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-2 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12-16 hours, taking out the cyperus esculentus when the surface is wrinkle-free, putting the cyperus esculentus in a grass bag or a basket, covering the grass bag or the grass bag, washing the cyperus esculentus with warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12 hours, after 2-3 days of germination accelerating seed exposure, soaking the cyperus esculentus and quinoa seeds in plant ash leachate for 12 hours;
the method for leaching the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing plant ash and wood ash according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1 g: adding 20mL of water, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.3% of the plant ash, stirring and soaking for 40min, adding starch with the same mass as the plant ash into the filtered filtrate, raising the temperature to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 40min, and then airing to room temperature;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 30cm, then spraying 1800kg of soil treatment agent into each mu of saline-alkali soil, watering, and applying 1500kg of organic fertilizer serving as a base fertilizer and 40kg of 45% of geometric ternary compound fertilizer per mu at the same time, wherein the water humidity is 5 cm;
the soil treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: adding phosphogypsum into a reaction kettle, adding water to enable the water content of the phosphogypsum to reach 45%, then adding acrylic acid accounting for 5% of the mass of the phosphogypsum, uniformly stirring, heating to 65 ℃, then adding tartaric acid accounting for 0.4% of the mass of the acrylic acid and hydrogen peroxide equivalent to the tartaric acid, continuing to keep the temperature and stir for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(3) planting cyperus esculentus by ridging and mulching, wherein the width of the planted cyperus esculentus is 50cm, the surface of the planted cyperus esculentus is 30cm, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, and the cyperus esculentus is sown at a temperature stable above 12 ℃;
(4) field management: weeding during intertillage, weeding when seedlings are exposed 5-20cm above the ground, harrowing with a short rake, increasing irrigation amount properly during tillering stage and fruit expansion stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly in the early stage of topdressing, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer mainly in the middle and later stages, and applying 300kg/hm of urea for the first time2The second time of adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2。
Comparative example 3
A method for planting chenopodium quinoa in saline-alkali soil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking seeds of quinoa in plant ash leaching solution for germination acceleration for 12 h;
the method for leaching the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing plant ash and wood ash according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1 g: adding 20mL of water, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.3% of the plant ash, stirring and soaking for 40min, adding starch with the same mass as the plant ash into the filtered filtrate, raising the temperature to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 40min, and then airing to room temperature;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 30cm, then spraying 1800kg of soil treatment agent into each mu of saline-alkali soil, watering, and applying 1500kg of organic fertilizer serving as a base fertilizer and 40kg of 45% of geometric ternary compound fertilizer per mu at the same time, wherein the water humidity is 5 cm;
the soil treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: adding phosphogypsum into a reaction kettle, adding water to enable the water content of the phosphogypsum to reach 45%, then adding acrylic acid accounting for 5% of the mass of the phosphogypsum, uniformly stirring, heating to 65 ℃, then adding tartaric acid accounting for 0.4% of the mass of the acrylic acid and hydrogen peroxide equivalent to the tartaric acid, continuing to keep the temperature and stir for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature;
(3) the width of the chenopodium quinoa planted is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, and the chenopodium quinoa is sowed at the temperature which is stable above 12 ℃;
(4) field management: weeding during intertillage, weeding when seedlings are exposed 5-20cm above the ground, harrowing with a short rake, increasing irrigation amount properly during tillering stage and fruit expansion stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly in the early stage of topdressing, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer mainly in the middle and later stages, and applying 300kg/hm of urea for the first time2The second time of adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2。
Comparative example 4
A planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed soaking and germination accelerating: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-2 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12-16 hours, taking out the cyperus esculentus when the surface is wrinkle-free, putting the cyperus esculentus in a grass bag or a basket, covering the grass bag or the grass bag, washing the cyperus esculentus with the warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12 hours, after 2-3 days of germination accelerating seed exposure, soaking the cyperus esculentus and quinoa seeds in plant ash leachate (the same as in example 1) for 12 hours;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 30cm, then spraying 1800kg of soil treatment agent into each mu of saline-alkali soil, watering, and applying 1500kg of organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer and 40kg of 45% of equal-ratio ternary compound fertilizer in each mu of saline-alkali soil at a water humidity of 5 cm;
the soil treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: adding phosphogypsum into a reaction kettle, adding water to enable the water content of the phosphogypsum to reach 45%, then adding acrylic acid accounting for 5% of the mass of the phosphogypsum, uniformly stirring, heating to 65 ℃, then adding hydrogen peroxide accounting for 0.4% of the mass of the acrylic acid, continuing to stir for 4 hours under heat preservation, and cooling to room temperature;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of ridging, mulching film mulching and planting cyperus esculentus, intercropping two lines of quinoa in two ridges, wherein when cyperus esculentus is planted, the ridge width is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge width for planting quinoa is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge spacing between cyperus esculentus and quinoa is 55-60cm, cyperus esculentus is sown at a temperature which is stable above 12 ℃, and quinoa is sown 30 days after cyperus esculentus is sown;
(4) field management: weeding during intertillage, weeding when seedlings are exposed 5-20cm above the ground, harrowing with a short rake, increasing irrigation amount properly during tillering stage and fruit expansion stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly in the early stage of topdressing, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer mainly in the middle and later stages, and applying 300kg/hm of urea for the first time2The second time of adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2。
Effects of the embodiment
The planting method provided by the embodiment and the comparative example is implemented in Lelingun county, Tex, Shandong province, and is characterized in that the saline-alkali soil is a severe saline-alkali soil, the salt content of the soil is up to 0.41%, the average pH is 10.17, 10 mu of the saline-alkali soil with the average salt content of 0.55% is selected, the saline-alkali soil land is divided into 5 test fields, each test field is 2 mu, 4 of the test fields are respectively marked as the group of the embodiment 1, the group of the comparative example 2 and the group of the comparative example 3, a control group is simultaneously set, 5000kg of phosphogypsum is sprayed into each mu of the saline-alkali soil in the control group, the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa are intercropping planting is carried out, meanwhile, the plant ash prepared in the embodiment 2 is used for seed soaking, and other planting methods are the same.
After sowing, the emergence rates of the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa after 30 days and the survival rate after 30 days are counted, and specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the intercropping planting method provided by the present invention can improve the rate of emergence, and at the same time, through specific soaking and soil treatment, the rate of emergence is high, and the seedling plant is healthy, whereas in comparative example 1, the seedling plant is partially yellow, and at the same time, when the seedling is replenished, the survival rate of the transplanted seedling in the soil of example 1 is about 90%, whereas in comparative example 1, the survival rate of the transplanted seedling is less than 60%.
And (II) carrying out yield statistics on the cyperus esculentus and the quinoa planted in the examples and the comparative examples, and meanwhile, carrying out statistics on the fresh grass weight of the cyperus esculentus in the harvest period, wherein specific results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, when cyperus esculentus is all planted in comparative example 2 and quinoa is all planted in comparative example 3, the yield of fresh grass is not increased much because cyperus esculentus and quinoa are grown synergistically during the intercropping planting process, which can increase the weight and yield of fresh grass during the harvest period.
And (III) evaluating the soil after harvesting the crops, and setting a blank control group, wherein the blank control group is the soil without any treatment, and specific results are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3
Claims (5)
1. A planting method for intercropping cyperus esculentus and quinoa in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed soaking and germination accelerating: firstly airing the cyperus esculentus for 1-2 days, then soaking the cyperus esculentus in warm water at 45 ℃ for 12-16 hours, taking out the cyperus esculentus when the surface is wrinkle-free, putting the cyperus esculentus in a grass bag or a basket, covering the grass bag or the grass bag, washing the cyperus esculentus with warm water at 30-40 ℃ every 12 hours, after 2-3 days of germination accelerating seed exposure, soaking the cyperus esculentus and quinoa seeds in plant ash leachate for 12 hours;
(2) land preparation and fertilization: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 25-30cm, then spraying a soil treatment agent, watering, applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, applying 1500kg of the organic fertilizer per mu, and simultaneously applying 40kg of 45% of an equal-ratio ternary compound fertilizer;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of ridging, mulching film mulching and planting cyperus esculentus, intercropping two rows of quinoa in two ridges of cyperus esculentus, wherein when cyperus esculentus is planted, the ridge width is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge width for planting quinoa is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the ridge spacing between cyperus esculentus and quinoa is 55-60cm, cyperus esculentus is sown at a temperature which is stable above 12 ℃, and quinoa and cyperus esculentus are sown at the same time;
(4) field management: weeding during intertillage, weeding when seedlings are exposed 5-20cm above the ground, harrowing with a short rake, increasing irrigation amount properly during tillering stage and fruit expansion stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer mainly in the early stage of topdressing, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer mainly in the middle and later stages, and applying 300kg/hm of urea for the first time2The second time of adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2；
The method for leaching the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: mixing plant ash and wood ash according to the ratio of material to liquid of 1 g: adding 20mL of water, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the plant ash by mass, stirring and soaking for 40-50min, adding starch into the filtered solution, raising the temperature to 45-50 ℃, keeping the temperature, stirring for 40min, and then cooling to room temperature;
the soil treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: adding phosphogypsum into a reaction kettle, adding water to enable the water content of the phosphogypsum to reach 45-50%, then adding acrylic acid, uniformly stirring, heating to 60-65 ℃, then adding tartaric acid and hydrogen peroxide, continuing to keep the temperature and stir for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the starch to the plant ash is 1: 1.
3. the planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the soil treatment agent is sprinkled into 1800kg per acre.
4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the acrylic acid is 3-5% of the mass of the phosphogypsum.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the tartaric acid and the hydrogen peroxide are added in an amount of 0.4% by mass of the acrylic acid; the mass ratio of the tartaric acid to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 1.
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| CN111109017B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2022-04-15 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Intercropping method for cistanche tubulosa and cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali area of yellow river delta |
| CN111386989B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-08-31 | 延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院（延边特产研究所） | Chenopodium quinoa planting and cultivating method, chenopodium quinoa rice wine and making method thereof |
| CN115005020A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Efficient high-quality seed production and large-scale high-yield synergistic cultivation method for cyperus esculentus in saline-alkali soil |
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