CN108782049B

CN108782049B - High-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN108782049B
Application number: CN201810644868.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴夏蕊; 时磊
Original assignee: Ningxia Lyvfengyuan Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Ningxia Lyvfengyuan Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-06-21
Filing date: 2018-06-21
Publication date: 2020-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-21
Also published as: CN108782049A

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of physical improvement, mechanical improvement and chemical improvement on soil and a seeding step; the physical improvement is as follows: reserving a slope with a high middle part and a low periphery on the ground of the field, arranging a ridge on the low periphery of the field to surround the ground, and digging a drainage ditch outside the ridge; filling the field with water in a rapid flood irrigation mode, keeping the water level 20cm higher than the ground, and keeping the water for 10-15h to enable the water to seep at least 30cm below the ground; simultaneously digging water outlets on the ridges around the field, and draining salt for the first time to discharge water in the field into the drainage ditch from the water outlets around the field; the method firstly carries out salt elimination on the field to reduce the salinity and alkalinity of the soil, then carries out mechanical improvement and chemical improvement to control the salinity and alkalinity to meet the process requirements, and carries out seeding, thereby avoiding the problem that quinoa seeds and sunflowers can not germinate and emerge because of high salinity and alkalinity.

Description

High-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of chenopodium quinoa planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil.

Background

With the increasing living standard, people do not limit the requirements on white spirit to taste, flavor and alcohol content, pay more attention to beneficial ingredients contained in the white spirit, and prefer the white spirit beneficial to health. Quinoa is a whole-grain full-nutrition complete-protein alkaline food, is rich in nutritional value, is rich in all 9 amino acids necessary for human bodies, is rich in various mineral substances such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, selenium and the like, is rich in various nutrient substances such as unsaturated fatty acid, flavonoid, B vitamins, vitamin E and the like, and has the advantages of low cholesterol, low calorie, low fat and the like.

In northwest areas, particularly Ningxia areas, the fields mostly belong to saline-alkali soil, namely, the saline-alkali content of the soil is good, the pH value is high, the saline-alkali content is very unfavorable for the growth of plants, most plants cannot grow, and chenopodium quinoa is not a crop with extremely strong alkali resistance and is not a favorite acid crop, so the chenopodium quinoa needs neutral and weakly alkaline soil for growth, and the saline-alkali degree of the soil needs to be controlled not to be too high when chenopodium quinoa is planted in northwest areas.

Disclosure of Invention

There is a need for a high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil by reducing the salinity of the soil.

A high-yield planting method for interplanting chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps of soil improvement and seeding of a field for planting chenopodium quinoa:

the soil improvement comprises physical improvement, mechanical improvement and chemical improvement;

the physical improvement is as follows:

reserving a slope with a high middle part and a low periphery on the ground of the field, arranging a ridge on the low periphery of the field to surround the ground, and digging a drainage ditch outside the ridge;

filling the field with water in a rapid flood irrigation mode, keeping the water level 20cm higher than the ground, and keeping the water for 10-15h to enable the water to seep at least 30cm below the ground;

digging water outlets on the ridges around the field, and draining salt for the first time to discharge water in the field into the drainage ditch from the water outlets around the field;

the mechanical improvement comprises the following steps:

loosening the soil of the field subjected to the primary salt elimination, wherein the soil loosening time is that the ground is wet and does not adhere or block after the primary salt elimination, and the soil loosening depth is at least 20cm below the ground;

leveling the ground after loosening the soil, and keeping the middle and the periphery of the ground smooth without gradient;

the chemical improvement is as follows:

applying acidic organic fertilizer and biological bacterial manure to the field to reduce the pH value of the soil;

the seeding is as follows:

applying base fertilizer to the field, and intercropping and sowing the quinoa seeds and the sunflower seeds according to different rows respectively, wherein the row spacing is larger than the plant spacing.

The method comprises the steps of firstly removing salt from the field to reduce the salinity and alkalinity of the soil, then carrying out mechanical improvement and chemical improvement to control the salinity and alkalinity to meet the process requirements, and then sowing, thereby avoiding the problem that seeds can not germinate and emerge due to high salinity and alkalinity; and the sunflower belongs to the cash crop, so that the field can be fully utilized, the economic value of the field can be improved, and the income of farmers can be increased.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the field salt discharge of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view schematically illustrating salt discharge in a field according to the present invention.

In the figure: a ridge 10 and a drainage ditch 20.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps of soil improvement and seeding for a field planted with chenopodium quinoa:

the physical improvement is as follows:

reserving a slope with a high middle part and a low periphery on the ground of the field, arranging a ridge 10 at the low periphery of the field to surround the ground, and digging a drainage ditch 20 outside the ridge 10;

digging water outlets on the ridges 10 around the field, and draining salt for the first time to discharge water in the field into the drainage ditch 20 from the water outlets around the field;

adopt middle high mode of low all around to arrange salt for water after the flood irrigation fully dissolves the salt and alkali composition in the soil, this moment because a large amount of salt and alkali compositions have been dissolved in these aquatic, need discharge fast, so adopt the mode of discharging all around, not only can shorten the distance in dissolved water discharge field like this, accelerate the exhaust velocity, and during the discharge, dissolved water is to ground diffusion all around, diffusion area is big, the diffusion direction is the same, all flow all around, will dissolve the salt and alkali composition in the aquatic and take to the field around as far as possible like this, discharge from around again. Therefore, the content of the salt and alkali components in the soil of the whole field is uniform, and the problems of high local content or high content of one side do not exist.

The mechanical improvement comprises the following steps:

the soil loosening after the primary salt elimination is indispensable, after the primary salt elimination, saline-alkali components in the soil are dissolved by water, dissolved water is rapidly discharged, so that the moisture remained in the soil is not too much, in order to preserve soil moisture, the soil is loosened immediately when the soil is not adhered to shoes, the soil is loosened and covered on the ground, the moisture in the soil below the ground is kept not to be evaporated and dissipated, if the soil loosening time is missed, the soil is thoroughly dried and agglomerated, and cracks are formed, so that the moisture in the soil is evaporated and dissipated along the cracks, the moisture in the soil is too little, and the chenopodium quinoa can not germinate and emerge due to the lack of moisture after sowing.

The chemical improvement is as follows:

the seeding is as follows:

Further, after once arrange salt, when ground is moist, get the soil sample in the scope of the inboard distance 10 first distance apart from the ridge in the ridge 10, carry out the salinity and alkalinity to the soil sample and detect, when the salinity and alkalinity is higher than the technological requirement, need carry out the secondary and arrange salt, the step of secondary row salt is: to irrigation water in the field, irrigation water's scope is for around the round of ridge irrigation, and the distance of irrigation surface apart from ridge 10 is greater than first distance to make irrigation water cover the whole ground that the salinity is high, after 10h are no less than in the water retention, dig out the outlet with ridge 10 all around the field simultaneously, carry out the secondary and arrange the salt.

Adopt the mode of local irrigation, partial row salt in the secondary row salt, not only water economy resource, shorten irrigation time, improve the soil around containing relatively higher salt alkali content because of the row salt once moreover, reduce the pH value, also can not irrigate once more because of the secondary row salt to the qualified soil of middle pH value simultaneously, avoid the loss of the nutrient of middle soil.

Further, in the step of chemical improvement, biological bacterial manure is firstly spread, then acid organic fertilizer is spread, when the biological bacterial manure is spread, the biological bacterial manure is firstly spread on the ground, the airing time is not more than 5 hours, then the soil is turned over so as to bury the biological bacterial manure in the soil, and after the soil is kept for 12 hours, the acid organic fertilizer is spread.

The biological bacterial manure is rich in microorganisms, ammonia gas is released after the microorganisms actively move, the air-drying time is not more than 5 hours, the ammonia gas is firstly released, the ammonia gas is prevented from being buried in the soil and carrying away water in the soil when being discharged, and the biological bacterial manure is buried in the soil and kept for 12 hours, so that the microorganisms in the biological bacterial manure adapt to the existence in the dark and humid environment in the soil to provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components for the soil. The acidic organic fertilizer is a chemical fertilizer, and is applied separately from the biological bacterial fertilizer, so that the harm of the chemical organic fertilizer to microorganisms is avoided.

Furthermore, during sowing, sowing is carried out in a mode of intercropping two lines of quinoa and one line of sunflowers, and the row spacing between the sunflowers and the quinoa is larger than that between the quinoa and the quinoa.

Because the chenopodium quinoa leaf belongs to narrow microscler, and the blade of sunflower is palm shape, and the area is big, and the area of keeping out the wind is also big, in order to increase the ventilation effect in the field the inside, so leave the row spacing of sunflower both sides great for wind circulates to the field inside along the direction on line, avoids the plant to lack the carbon dioxide and die because of the heat of metabolism release can not scatter and disappear and the temperature is too high, and the air that does not circulate causes the plant.

Furthermore, before sowing, coating, sunning and accelerating germination are carried out on the sunflower seeds, wherein the coating is formed by coating the seeds with imidacloprid, the sunning is to turn over and sun the coated seeds for 2-3 days in a sunny place, the accelerating germination is to soak the seeds for 3-4h in warm water at 25-30 ℃, the seeds are fished out and spread out, the seeds are stacked in a warm room at 15-20 ℃ for one day and night, and then the seeds are sowed.

Further, the following steps are also provided after the chemical modification step:

clearing ditches, ridging and topdressing: in the seedling stage with the height of 12-18 leaves, removing weeds in soil, and performing topdressing on the remaining tender seedlings by adopting a method of leaf surface spraying and irrigating;

and (3) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.

Further, a step of managing moisture is also set after sowing: after sowing, in rainy season, the drainage ditch 20 is cleared to keep smooth drainage, and in dry season, irrigation is carried out according to the condition of the water content of the soil to supplement water.

The average number of sowed seeds per mu of field, the number of seedlings, the rate of emergence, the survival rate and the yield per mu of field of the chenopodium quinoa and the sunflower which are planted by the intercropping method are shown in the following table 1, and the average number of sowed seeds per mu of field, the number of seedlings, the rate of emergence, the survival rate and the yield per mu of the sunflower are shown in the following table 2:

TABLE 1

Seeding (Tree)	Emergence of seedlings (Tree)	Rate of emergence	Survival rate	Yield per mu
					3333	3238	97.14%	95.16%	300-400 jin
4666	4532	96.93%	95.71%	450 to 570 jin

TABLE 2

Seeding (Tree)	Emergence of seedlings (Tree)	Rate of emergence	Survival rate	Yield per mu
					1667	1639	98.32%	96.25%	200-300 jin
1998	1949	97.56%	96.43%	250-350 jin

The survival rate counting method is obtained by taking seedlings which emerge as a base number, namely tracking the seedlings which emerge.

The data of the comparative test for growing quinoa and sunflower by the conventional method are shown in the following table: the average number of sown seeds per mu of field, the number of emerged seeds, the emergence rate, the survival rate and the yield per mu of field of chenopodium quinoa are shown in table 3, and the average number of sown seeds per mu of field, the number of emerged seeds, the emergence rate, the survival rate and the yield per mu of sunflower are shown in table 4:

TABLE 3

Seeding (Tree)	Emergence of seedlings (Tree)	Rate of emergence	Survival rate	Yield per mu
					3333	2813	84.40%	83.47%	250-350 jin
4666	3896	83.50%	83.32%	350-500 jin

TABLE 4

Seeding (Tree)	Emergence of seedlings (Tree)	Rate of emergence	Survival rate	Yield per mu
					1667	1494	89.63%	88.32%	150-250 jin
1998	1785	89.32%	87.62%	200-300 jin

As can be seen by comparing the results, the results can be obtained by comparing the test data table 1 and table 2 of the chenopodium quinoa and sunflower planted according to the method of the invention with the test data table 3 and table 4 of the chenopodium quinoa and sunflower planted according to the conventional method, the germination rate, the survival rate and the yield per mu of chenopodium quinoa planted by the method of the invention for planting chenopodium quinoa in saline-alkali soil are all higher, the utilization value of the saline-alkali soil can be greatly improved, and the income per mu of chenopodium quinoa planted in the saline-alkali.

The modules or units in the device of the embodiment of the invention can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of soil improvement and seeding:

the physical improvement is as follows:

when ground is moist, get the soil sample of the inboard within range apart from the first distance of bank of earth, carry out the salinity and alkalinity to the soil sample and detect, when the salinity and alkalinity is higher than the technological requirement, need carry out the secondary and arrange salt, the step of secondary row salt is: irrigating water into the field, wherein the irrigation water is in a circle around the ridge, the distance between the irrigation surface and the ridge is greater than a first distance, so that the irrigation water covers all the ground with high salinity and alkalinity, after water retention is not less than 10 hours, water outlets are dug out of the ridge around the field, and secondary salt discharge is carried out;

the mechanical improvement is as follows:

the chemical improvement is as follows:

the seeding is as follows:

firstly, applying base fertilizer to a field, and carrying out intercropping seeding on quinoa seeds and sunflower seeds according to different rows respectively, wherein the row spacing is larger than the plant spacing;

during sowing, the seeds are sown in a mode of intercropping two lines of quinoa and one line of sunflowers, and the row spacing between the sunflowers and the quinoa is larger than that between the quinoa and the quinoa.

2. The high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step of chemical improvement, firstly spreading biological bacterial fertilizer, then spreading acid organic fertilizer, when spreading the biological bacterial fertilizer, firstly spreading the biological bacterial fertilizer on the ground, airing for less than 5h, then turning the ground to bury the biological bacterial fertilizer into the soil, keeping for 12h, and then spreading the acid organic fertilizer.

3. The high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before sowing, coating, sunning and accelerating germination are carried out on sunflower seeds, wherein the coating is formed by coating the seeds with imidacloprid, sunning is to teddy the coated seeds in a place with sufficient sunlight for 2-3 days, accelerating germination is to soak the seeds in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 3-4 hours, the seeds are taken out and spread out, the seeds are stacked in a warm room at 15-20 ℃ for one day and night, and then sowing is carried out.

4. The high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflower in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the following steps are further provided after the seeding step:

clearing ditches, ridging and topdressing: in the quinoa seedling stage 12-18 leaves high, removing weeds in soil, and performing topdressing on the remaining tender seedlings by adopting a leaf surface spraying and irrigating method;

and (3) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.

5. The high-yield planting method for intercropping chenopodium quinoa and sunflowers in saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein the high-yield planting method comprises the following steps: and a step of managing moisture is also arranged after sowing: after seeding, in rainy season, ditch cleaning is carried out on the drainage ditch, the drainage is kept smooth, in dry season, irrigation is carried out according to the condition of the water content of the soil, and water is supplemented.