CN104641752B - The method in jerusalem artichoke intercropping oat improvement salt-soda soil, inland - Google Patents
The method in jerusalem artichoke intercropping oat improvement salt-soda soil, inland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the method in salt-soda soil, a kind of jerusalem artichoke intercropping oat biological modification inland, comprising: carry out prepartion of land (1) autumn, and application of organic fertilizers, desulfurated plaster and chemical improvement agent carry out winter irrigation; (2) use chemical fertilizer spring, and carry out rotary tillage, rake a kind of farm tools; (3) line number of jerusalem artichoke and oat is respectively 3 row and 10 and in the ranks sows, kind of a piece sowing for jerusalem artichoke, and mu strain numerical control is built in 3000 strains, 10 kgs/acre of the oat amounts of broadcasting; (4) jerusalem artichoke is at the interim weeding of stem 7～8 leaf, and earths up; Oat is herbicide spraying before envelope ridge, controls weeds in field; (5) oat starts results in milk stage, results seed, and stalk is as ensilage; Jerusalem artichoke is gathered in the crops after mid-October, blade started flavescence, gathers in the crops underground stem tuber, and stalk is as feed. The present invention utilizes the mutual supplement with each other's advantages effect of jerusalem artichoke and oat, mutualism, and the salinity in soil is drawn in volume increase simultaneously jointly, and fertilizing soil, reduces saline and alkaline harm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method in a kind of biological modification salt-soda soil, be specifically related to one utilize jerusalem artichoke become with oat necessarily thanThe method in example intercropping improvement salt-soda soil, inland.
Background technology
9,913 ten thousand hectares, the total salt-soda soil of China, wherein inland-type salt-soda soil area maximum, accounts for national salt-soda soil69%. Poor output that salt-soda soil, inland has that surface soil alkalinity is strong, Sodium by substitution ion concentration is high, soil physical property is poor, crop emergesThe feature such as low. At present, the method for inland alkaline land improving mainly comprises hydraulic engineering measure, chemical measure, agronomic measures and lifeThing measure. Water conservancy measure is the basis of alkaline land improving, but investment is larger, and relies on merely the water conservancy measure soil that cannot replaceIn sodium ion. The important measures of chemistry measure and agronomic measures improvement inland saline-alkali soil, need to coordinate other measures to carry out. ProfitUse biological salt resistance ability, absorb saline and alkaline in soil, there is small investment, effect advantage thoroughly, become in recent years salt-soda soil and changeGood important measures.
Jerusalem artichoke (HelianthustuberosusL.), another name Jerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke, be 1 year sward of composite family HelianthusThis plant, introduces China by North America. Jerusalem artichoke aerial part cauline leaf is rich in protein, fat and cellulose, is pig, ox, sheepHigh-quality feed. Jerusalem artichoke under ground portion is rich in the fructose polymers such as starch, synanthrin, edible also can salted white, shine chrysanthemum processedTaro is dry or produce starch and alcohol raw material, is important industrial crops. Jerusalem artichoke has stronger Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability. Jerusalem artichoke at presentBecome the pionner of alkaline land improving, there is vast potential for future development utilizing aspect the saline and alkaline bare place resource of China, canObtain larger economy, society and ecological benefits.
Oat (Avenasativa) another name skin oat, is grass, and economic worth is very high, and it is mainly manifested in battalionSupport, health care and feeding value aspect. Oat is worldwide raise crop, is distributed in 42 of five continents country, produces but concentrateDistrict is the Temperate Region in China in the Northern Hemisphere. Oat is adaptable, is that grain is raised dual-purpose crop. Oat is annual crop, the system of fibrous root, spyBe not suitable for the plantation of northern China high and cold mountain area, there is stronger barren-resistant alkali ability. Because oat contains abundant to falling bloodSugar has the beta glucan of positive effect, is more subject in recent years the welcome of hyperglycemic patients, and market demand increases year by year, becomesFor one of function alimentary crop. Meanwhile, be also that a kind of investment is less, recruitment is less, the northern China high and cold mountain area market demandLarge crop. For prior art, how aspect the Tactics and measures in improvement salt-soda soil, to take into account long-term benefit and short-term benefitRelation, take into account the relation of input and output, need further research.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, the side in a kind of jerusalem artichoke intercropping oat improvement salt-soda soil, inland is providedMethod, the method adopts the method in salt-soda soil, biological modification inland, in improvement salt-soda soil, takes into account long-term benefit and short-term effectThe relation of benefit, take into account the relation of input and output, be easy to promote in northern China high and cold mountain area, using value is higher.
The method in jerusalem artichoke intercropping oat improvement of the present invention salt-soda soil, inland realizes by following steps;
(1) suitable condition pH8.8-10.5, total salt quantity 0.3%-1.0%, basicity 15%～75% in, severe inland saltAlkali ground;
(2) late October-early November, carry out prepartion of land, 1～2 ton/mu of smooth rear application of organic fertilizers, desulfurated plaster50～100 kgs/acre of 1～2 tons/mu, chemical improvement agent ferrous sulfate, spread fertilizer over the fields above-mentioned improved materials on earth's surface, then with revolvingPlough machine rotary tillage to the 15～20cm soil of top layer, it is mixed with soil;
(3) mid-November～late November, carry out irrigating winter the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, irrigation volume is 150～200m3/ mu;
(4) be respectively the whole ground of ratio intercropping, the fertilising of 3 row and 10 row and sow in the line number of jerusalem artichoke and oat, respectively:At the beginning of 4 months, oat is used 5～8kgN, 4～6kgP according to every mu2O5With 3～5kgK2Answering of the chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O or equivalenceHefei, carries out rotary tillage, rake a kind of farm tools after fertilising, depth of planting 2～3cm, and line-spacing is 20～25cm, 8～10 kgs/acre of the amounts of broadcasting; Jerusalem artichoke 4Sowing in the last ten-days period moon, uses 8～12kgN, 10～15kgP according to every mu2O5With 5～8kgK2The chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O or equivalenceComposite fertilizer, utilizes rotary cultivator rotary tillage after spreading fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil, kind of a piece sowing for jerusalem artichoke, every bunch planting 1～2Piece, depth of planting is 4～5cm, spacing in the rows is 30～40cm, line-spacing 50～60cm, after planting drag sealer a kind of farm tools, having peace of mind;
(5) in the time of jerusalem artichoke 2～3 leaf, carry out thinning, mu strain numerical control is built in 3000 strains, at the interim weeding of stem 7～8 leaf,And earth up, after mid-October, blade started flavescence, gather in the crops; Oat is herbicide spraying before envelope ridge, controls weeds in field,Start results in milk stage mid-September.
Adopt biological modification method of the present invention, the reciprocation of the intercropping by jerusalem artichoke and oat makes the improvement in salt-soda soilEffect and economic well-being of workers and staff have produced Overlay, have significant difference compared with the nonoculture of jerusalem artichoke and oat.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the inventive method is on the basis of chemistry and water conservancy measure, and emphasis adopts the method improvement inland of biological modificationSalt-soda soil, small investment, effective. Result shows, jerusalem artichoke and oat intercropping than jerusalem artichoke and oat nonoculture to improvement salt-soda soil, inlandHave significant orthogonal effect, the Heterosis of jerusalem artichoke and oat intercropping exists: (1) reduces soil pH value: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping is compared nonocultureJerusalem artichoke pH reduces by 0.23～0.32, and intercropping oat reduces by 0.15～0.16 than nonoculture oat pH; (2) reduce electrical conductivity (EC):Do jerusalem artichoke than the nonoculture jerusalem artichoke EC value 0.06～0.09ms/cm that declines, intercropping oat than nonoculture oat EC value decline 0.03～0.06ms/cm; (3) reduce basicity (ESP): the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping reduces by 2.2～2.3% than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke ESP, intercropping oat ratioNonoculture oat ESP reduces by 1.5～2.2%; (4) reduce total salt quantity: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke total salt quantity reduce by 0.07～0.08%, intercropping oat reduces by 0.05～0.06% than nonoculture oat total salt quantity; (5) improve soil organic matter content: the chrysanthemum of intercroppingTaro than the nonoculture jerusalem artichoke content of organic matter increase by 0.05～0.06%, intercropping oat than the nonoculture oat content of organic matter increase by 0.05～0.11%; (6) stalk output: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping improves 11.0～14.8% than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke stalk output, and intercropping oat is compared nonocultureOat straw output improves 11.5～12.1%; (7) economic flow rate: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping is improved than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke economic flow rate14.0～19.3%, intercropping oat improves 10.5～22.3% than nonoculture oat economic flow rate. Proof jerusalem artichoke and oat intercropping pH,EC, basicity and ESP significantly decline, thereby have improved the physicochemical property of salt affected soil, and stalk output and economic flow rate reachSignificantly improve, jerusalem artichoke is compared with oat nonoculture with jerusalem artichoke with oat intercropping, statistical analysis, and it is remarkable that above-mentioned indices all reachesDifference.
(2) the Salt And Alkali Tolerance ability of jerusalem artichoke and oat is stronger, and biomass is larger, and the two intercropping can regulate miniclimate,Increase soil coverage, reduced salinity along with native face evaporation is upwards gathered. Crop, by root water uptake and transpiration water consumption, reducesLevel of ground water, alleviates the salt accumulation in soil causing due to phreatic high. In addition, crop has accumulated a large amount of salt in growth coursePoint, along with cutting can be taken away soil salt, thereby reduce soil salt content, reach the effect in biological restoration salt-soda soil.
(3) jerusalem artichoke is long-stalked crops, and oat is short-stalked crop, and the two intercropping can efficiently utilize the natures such as light, heat, fertilizer, waterResource, effectively increases Agricultural biodiversity, improves crop groups structure, strengthens crop opposing disease and pest and lodging tolerance,Improve land area of one unit productivity.
(4) jerusalem artichoke is piece root crop, need phosphorus, potassium amount higher, and oat is gramineous crop, and nitrogen requirement is higher, the twoThe intercropping balanced principle of utilizing of complementation, nutrient of can making the most of the advantage, the equilibrium that realizes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in nutrient kind absorbs. ChrysanthemumTaro is dark root system crop, and oat is shallow root system crop, after the two intercropping, jerusalem artichoke can absorb salinity in deep soil andNutrient, oat absorbs salinity and the nutrient of shallow-layer, spatially realizes layering utilization.
(5) the present invention adopts the pattern of jerusalem artichoke and oat intercropping, turns over, sowing, fertilizing integrated in spring, per season cropOnly fertilising once, reduces field farming operation, has alleviated peasant household's work, avoids frequent disturbed soil simultaneously, and soil is played and heldWater soil moisture conservation effect, has increased soil holding of limited water resources is held and utilized.
(6) the inventive method is ingenious, and technology application is convenient, easily grasp, is suitable for country practical situation, is convenient to peasant and existsField is used, and easily applies.
Embodiment 1
In order to verify jerusalem artichoke intercropping oat effect, select Lan Yu Bao Cun base, San Shilipu township, Tianzhen County, Datong City, Shanxi ProvinceFor testing site. Experimental field soil is severe soda salinization soil, pH10.2, and electrical conductivity (EC) 1.85ms/cm, total salt quantity 0.85%,Basicity (ESP) 46.5%, soil organic matter content 0.78%. For the salt-soda soil after opening up wasteland then.
Test arranges 3 processing, is respectively: (1) jerusalem artichoke nonoculture; (2) oat nonoculture; (3) jerusalem artichoke and oat intercropping. EachProcessing area is 100 square metres, repeats 4 times. Test is blue or green taro No. 2 with species of jeruselem artichoke, and oat varieties is white swallow No. 2.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) late October-early November, utilize laser land leveling instrument to carry out prepartion of land, the discrepancy in elevation in same plot is not surpassedCross 3-5cm. After smooth, 100 kgs/acre, 2 tons/mu of application of organic fertilizers, 2 tons/mu of desulfurated plasters and chemical improvement agent ferrous sulfate,Rotary tillage is to the 15～20cm soil of top layer, and rake a kind of farm tools makes it mix with soil, then carries out irrigating winter the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and irrigation volume is160m3/ mu.
(2) carry out plot in good time turn over wholely, use chemical fertilizer, jerusalem artichoke and oat are applied fertilizer respectively. Every mu of jerusalem artichoke is used10kgN、12kgP2O5And 5kgK2The chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O, every mu of oat is used 6kgN, 5kgP2O5And 4kgK2The simple substance of OFertile. After fertilising, carry out rotary tillage, rake a kind of farm tools.
(3) line number of intercropping sowing jerusalem artichoke and oat is respectively 3 row and 10 row. Oat is sowing in ice crust at the beginning of 4 months, sowingThe degree of depth 2～3cm, line-spacing is 20cm, uses seed drilling, 10 kgs/acre of the amounts of broadcasting; The sowing of jerusalem artichoke late April, with kind of a piece sowing, every1～2 of bunch planting, depth of planting is 4～5cm, spacing in the rows is 40cm, line-spacing 55cm. After planting drag sealer a kind of farm tools, having peace of mind.
(4) field management. In the time of jerusalem artichoke 2～3 leaf, carry out thinning, mu strain numerical control is built in 3000 strains, in 7～8 leaf phases of stemIntertill and clean tillage, and earth up; Oat is herbicide spraying before envelope ridge, controls weeds in field.
(5) results. Start results in oat and September 15 days, results seed, stalk is as ensilage; Jerusalem artichoke is in October 20Day starts results, gathers in the crops underground stem tuber, and stalk is as feed.
After results, gather each community 0～20cm pedotheque, detect soil pH, EC (ms/cm), basicity (ESP),Total salt quantity, soil organism index.
Soil testing result is in table 1, and jerusalem artichoke and amount of oat yield result are as table 2:
Topsoil (0～20cm) character pair ratio under the different cropping patterns of table 1
The different cropping pattern yield result contrasts of table 2
Can be found out by table 1 and table 2, jerusalem artichoke has aobvious than jerusalem artichoke and oat nonoculture to improvement salt-soda soil, inland with oat intercroppingThe orthogonal effect of work, jerusalem artichoke exists than the Heterosis of jerusalem artichoke and oat nonoculture with oat intercropping: (1) reduces soil pH value: intercroppingJerusalem artichoke than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke pH reduce by 0.32, intercropping oat than nonoculture oat pH reduce by 0.15; (2) reduce electrical conductivity (EC):Do jerusalem artichoke than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke EC value decline 0.06ms/cm, intercropping oat is than nonoculture oat EC value decline 0.03ms/cm; (3) fallLow basicity (ESP): the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping reduces by 2.3% than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke ESP, intercropping oat reduces by 2.2% than nonoculture oat ESP;(4) reduce total salt quantity: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping reduces by 0.07% than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke total salt quantity, and intercropping oat falls than nonoculture oat total salt quantityLow by 0.06%; (5) improve soil organic matter content: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping increases by 0.05% than the nonoculture jerusalem artichoke content of organic matter, intercropping swallowWheat increases by 0.11% than the nonoculture oat content of organic matter; (6) stalk output: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping is improved than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke stalk output11%, intercropping oat improves 12.1% than nonoculture oat straw output; (7) economic flow rate: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping is than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke warpJi output improves 19.3%, and intercropping oat improves 22.3% than nonoculture oat economic flow rate. Statistical analysis, proves jerusalem artichoke and oatIntercropping pH, EC, basicity and ESP significantly decline, thereby have improved the physicochemical property of salt affected soil, stalk output and economic producingAmount reaches and significantly improves, and jerusalem artichoke is compared with oat nonoculture with jerusalem artichoke with oat intercropping, statistical analysis, and above-mentioned indices all reachesTo significant difference.
Embodiment 2
Test site is selected in Huan Zisuo salt-soda soil, academy of agricultural sciences of Shanxi Province of Jing Zhuan village of Jing Zhuan township, Hunyuan County, Datong City, Shanxi Province and changesGood proving ground. Soil is slight soda salinization soil, pH9.3, electrical conductivity (EC) 0.45ms/cm, total salt quantity 0.32%, basicity(ESP) 21.5%, soil organic matter content 1.03%. Before improvement, peasant sporadicly plants, and output is not high.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) utilize autumn laser land leveling instrument to carry out prepartion of land, make the discrepancy in elevation in same plot be no more than 3-5cm. After smooth,80 kgs/acre, 1.5 tons/mu of application of organic fertilizers, 1 ton/mu of desulfurated plaster and chemical improvement agent ferrous sulfate, rotary tillage, rake a kind of farm tools, thenCarry out irrigating winter the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, irrigation volume is 150m3/ mu.
(2) Second Year spring, carry out plot in good time and turn over wholely, use chemical fertilizer, jerusalem artichoke and oat are applied fertilizer respectively. Jerusalem artichokeUse 12kgN, 15kgP for every mu2O5And 7.5kgK2The chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O, every mu of oat is used 8kgN, 6kgP2O5And 5kgK2The chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O. After fertilising, carry out rotary tillage, rake a kind of farm tools.
(3) sowing intercropping. The line number of jerusalem artichoke and oat is respectively 3 row and 10 row. Oat is sowing in ice crust at the beginning of 4 months, kindFor white swallow No. 2, depth of planting 2～3cm, line-spacing is 20～25cm, uses seed drilling, 10 kgs/acre of the amounts of broadcasting; Jerusalem artichoke late AprilSowing, kind is blue or green taro No. 2, and with kind of a piece sowing, 1～2 of every bunch planting, depth of planting is 4～5cm, and spacing in the rows is 36cm, line-spacing60cm. After planting drag sealer a kind of farm tools, having peace of mind.
(4) field management. In the time of jerusalem artichoke 2～3 leaf, carry out thinning, mu strain numerical control is built in 3000 strains, in 7～8 leaf phases of stemIntertill and clean tillage, and earth up; Oat is herbicide spraying before envelope ridge, controls weeds in field.
(5) results. Start results in oat and September 18 days, results seed, stalk is as ensilage; Jerusalem artichoke is in October 23Day starts results, gathers in the crops underground stem tuber, and stalk is as feed.
Gather in the crops after the season, soil testing result is in table 3, and jerusalem artichoke and amount of oat yield result are as table 4:
Table 3 is gathered in the crops after a season topsoil (0～20cm) character pair ratio under different cropping patterns
The different cropping pattern yield result contrasts of table 4
Can be found out by table 3 and table 4, jerusalem artichoke has alkaline land soil than jerusalem artichoke and oat nonoculture with oat intercropping significantlyImproving effect. The advantage of jerusalem artichoke and oat intercropping is mainly manifested in: (1) reduces soil pH value: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping is than nonoculture jerusalem artichokePH reduces by 0.23, and intercropping oat reduces by 0.16 than nonoculture oat pH; (2) reduce electrical conductivity (EC): intercropping jerusalem artichoke is than nonoculture jerusalem artichokeEC value decline 0.09ms/cm, intercropping oat is than nonoculture oat EC value decline 0.06ms/cm; (3) reduce basicity (ESP):The jerusalem artichoke doing reduces by 2.2% than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke ESP, and intercropping oat reduces by 1.5% than nonoculture oat ESP; (4) reduce total salt quantity:The jerusalem artichoke doing reduces by 0.08% than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke total salt quantity, and intercropping oat reduces by 0.05% than nonoculture oat total salt quantity; (5) improveSoil organic matter content: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping increases by 0.06% than the nonoculture jerusalem artichoke content of organic matter, and intercropping oat is more organic than nonoculture oatMatter content increases by 0.05%; (6) stalk output: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping improves 14.8% than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke stalk output, intercropping oat ratioNonoculture oat straw output improves 11.5%; (7) economic flow rate: the jerusalem artichoke of intercropping is improved than nonoculture jerusalem artichoke economic flow rate14.0%, intercropping oat improves 10.5% than nonoculture oat economic flow rate. Statistical analysis, prove jerusalem artichoke and oat intercropping pH, EC,Basicity and ESP significantly decline, and jerusalem artichoke is compared with oat nonoculture with jerusalem artichoke with oat intercropping, and statistical analysis is above-mentioned everyIndex all reaches significant difference. Show significantly to have improved salt affected soil physical property and chemical functional, stalk output and economic producingAmount reaches and significantly improves.
Claims (1)
1. the method in jerusalem artichoke intercropping oat improvement salt-soda soil, inland, comprises the following steps:
(1) suitable condition pH8.8-10.5, total salt quantity 0.3%-1.0%, basicity 15%～75% in, severe inland is saline and alkalineGround;
(2) late October-early November, carry out prepartion of land, 1～2 ton/mu of smooth rear application of organic fertilizers, desulfurated plaster 1～50～100 kgs/acre of 2 tons/mu, chemical improvement agent ferrous sulfate, spread fertilizer over the fields above-mentioned improved materials on earth's surface, then uses rotary cultivatorRotary tillage, to the 15～20cm soil of top layer, makes it mix with soil;
(3) mid-November～late November, carry out irrigating winter the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, irrigation volume is 150～200m3/ mu;
(4) be respectively the whole ground of ratio intercropping, the fertilising of 3 row and 10 row and sow in the line number of jerusalem artichoke and oat, respectively: 4The beginning of the month, oat was used 5～8kgN, 4～6kgP according to every mu2O5With 3～5kgK2The chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O or equivalence compoundFertilizer, carries out rotary tillage, rake a kind of farm tools after fertilising, depth of planting 2～3cm, and line-spacing is 20～25cm, 8～10 kgs/acre of the amounts of broadcasting; Jerusalem artichoke AprilThe last ten-days period, sowing, used 8～12kgN, 10～15kgP according to every mu2O5With 5～8kgK2Answering of the chemical fertilizer of simple substance of O or equivalenceHefei, utilizes rotary cultivator rotary tillage after spreading fertilizer over the fields, fertilizer is fully mixed with soil, kind of a piece sowing for jerusalem artichoke, and 1～2 of every bunch planting,Depth of planting is 4～5cm, and spacing in the rows is 30～40cm, line-spacing 50～60cm, after planting drag sealer a kind of farm tools, having peace of mind;
(5) in the time of jerusalem artichoke 2～3 leaf, carry out thinning, mu strain numerical control, built in 3000 strains, at the interim weeding of stem 7～8 leaf, is gone forward side by sideRow ridging is gathered in the crops after mid-October, blade started flavescence; Oat is herbicide spraying before envelope ridge, controls weeds in field, in SeptemberMilk stage in the middle ten days, starts results.
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| CN109759441B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-06-25 | 青岛农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil remediation method |
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