RU2168883C1 - Method and apparatus for creating permanent licorice plantations as mesohalophyte on degraded irrigated soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves preplanting soil tillage and planting; removing weedage, stubble remains and rootage from surface layer of degraded irrigated soil by mechanical devices; providing strip plowing of plow and subsurface layer over the entire surface of land; laying licorice rootstock cuttings onto land surface; forming wide-row licorice strips by covering laid licorice rootstock cuttings with soil which is dug from spacings and laid onto cuttings so as to form ridges. Weedage is removed by rotating upper layer to depth of 3-12 cm. Strip plowing is performed to depth of 0.35-0.55 m by means of attached rippers, with tine space being adjusted within the range of 0.35-1.05 m. Licorice rootstock cuttings are laid on ridges of untilled strips at intervals of 0.7-1.4. Interspace soil is dug to depth of 0.15-0.25 m from surface of land. Apparatus has frame, supporting-driving wheels, brackets, hitches, licorice rootage cuttings storage box, planters' seats, tent, planting units and shares, each having two flat similar V-shaped tines inclined in the direction of advancement of apparatus. Right-hand tine is positioned at an angle less than 90 deg with respect to horizontal plane and is joined to vertical mounting tine. Left-hand tine of smaller height is inclined at an angle exceeding 90 deg with respect to advancement direction. Inclined tine is provided with ribs positioned at its mounting side and extending in parallel with opposite tine. Flare angle of V-shaped joined tines is 60-120 deg. Angle of inclination of tine at its mounting side to direction of advancement of apparatus is less than 60 deg and that of tine of smaller height exceeds 120 deg. EFFECT: stabilized processes of degradation of saline soil, provision for creating feed stock and plantations with root mass stocks as basic raw material for industry. 12 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to restore the fertility of degraded irrigated soils with a high level of mineralized groundwater by phytomelioration by mesogalophytes, for example, licorice plants of a local local ecotype.

 A known method of vegetative propagation of licorice, including the preparation of horizontal rhizomes and Karabash 30-40 cm long at the age of 4-5 years, early spring soil preparation to a depth of 25-30 cm, leveling the soil surface, opening furrows with a pitch of 70 cm, horizontal laying of rhizomes and Karabash with a step between their adjacent ends 30-40 cm, closing the furrows, leveling and rolling the surface of the field (see the book Kerbabaev BB, Gladyshev A.I. Turkmen licorice root / Under the editorship of Acad. AN TSSR N.P. Nechaev . - Ashgabat: Ylym, 1971, - 94 s, - p. 53-54).

 The described method is characterized by high costs of manual labor and a low percentage of survival of licorice plants.

The closest way to the claimed object is a method of creating long-term licorice plantations Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, including basic tillage to a depth of 27-30 cm, surface tillage and leveling of the relief, preparation of planting material in the form of horizontal rhizomes and horizontal roots of length 20-30 cm at the age of four to five years, planting and care, according to the invention, the planting of roots and rhizomes is carried out in a wide-row way with a row spacing of 0.6-0.7 m, with dia holes in the rows 0.2-0.3 m in depth and up to 0.3 m in increments of 0.6-0.7 m, before planting the vegetative parts of planting material are connected from one end into bundles with more than three shoots, while the connected end is lowered to the bottom of the hole, sprinkle with soil, and the upper ends of the rhizomes and roots are rejected in radial directions with an angle of inclination to the vertical of not more than 45-60 ^o , then the hole is covered with soil, compacted and leveled; after 3-5 leaves appear on partial shoots, inter-row cares are carried out in two mutually perpendicular directions (see RU, patent N 2118481. C1. IPC ⁶ A 01 B 79/02. Method for creating long-term licorice plantations Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch // Saldaev A. M., Kolganov A. V., Borodychev V. V. Declared July 10, 1997, publ. - Bull. "Inventions". - 1998. - No. 25). This method is adopted as the closest analogue in part of the claimed method.

 The described method is not acceptable for restoring the fertility of degraded irrigated soils. This is due to the fact that, for example, the mirror of highly mineralized groundwater is only 0.3-0.4 m below the surface of the arable horizon in rice fields. Unfortunately, this method requires significant manual labor. Juvenile shoots due to the close occurrence of groundwater on licorice cuttings die in the first year of plant life.

 Analysis of the qualitative change of land for the period 1990-1999. indicates the progressive desertification processes in the territories of the Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions and the Republic of Kalmykia and a decrease in the quality of agricultural products according to the main indicators. One of the main reasons for this is soil salinization. Of the agricultural land fund as of January 1, 1997, 11,287.7 thousand hectares in the Volgograd Region were 1,461.8 thousand hectares saline, incl. arable land - 692.1 thousand hectares. Of the total fund of the Astrakhan region, 1013.4 thousand hectares of agricultural land are saline to one degree or another. As a result of secondary salinization, the productivity of irrigated lands does not meet the requirements of intensive farming. The productivity of irrigated lands in 1997 became on average 20-30% lower than before 1990. By the end of 1993, the productivity of traditional crops on irrigated lands approached productivity on a dry land (vegetables and table potato varieties had yields lower than in non-irrigated areas).

 Among the most degraded irrigated lands are rice systems. Rice productivity in Kalmykia from 8.0 t / ha in 1975 decreased to 2.0 t / ha.

 Under the influence of irrigation, especially when cultivating a flooded crop - rice, various changes occur in the entire set of soil properties. The alternation of expressed reduction processes with oxidizing and specific hydrothermal conditions of the rice field contribute to profound changes in the morphological and physicochemical properties of the solonetz complex. As a result, the content of fulvic acids in the humus increases, and the formation of compounds of iron, aluminum and silicon is accelerated. All this determines, as a rule, the development of the eluvial-glue process and causes soil degradation of rice fields. Currently, most of the rice fields due to their degradation are abandoned and turned off from agricultural crop rotation. Most of the existing and abandoned rice fields are affected by dense weed vegetation.

 To restore degraded irrigated lands, it is necessary to carry out expensive irrigation and drainage measures related to the reconstruction of the irrigation and drainage networks, chemical reclamation, which is unrealistic in the current economic situation.

 An alternative to this is bio-reclamation technologies that are not associated with huge investments and at the same time allow the use of these lands in economic circulation with their simultaneous improvement. Various types of halophytes of local ecoforms can serve as promising biomeliorants. Particularly promising is the introduction into the culture of wild-growing mesogalophyte - licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Licorice cultivation in the culture, taking into account its exactingness to soil moisture and the level of groundwater occurrence, is practically difficult without the use of traditional land reclamation, especially irrigation, i.e. phytomelioration is most effective in the development of degraded but irrigated lands. The ability of licorice to withstand a sufficiently high salinity of irrigation and groundwater (at the level of the last 1.5-2.0) can significantly reduce the cost of restoration and reconstruction of irrigation systems, use waste water and collector-drainage water for irrigation.

 An analysis of the condition of the irrigated lands of the Volgograd region shows that the potential size of the areas where phyto-reclamation work is possible and appropriate in the coming years is from 800 to 1200 thousand ha. In the coming years, in the Astrakhan region, 75-100 thousand hectares of land withdrawn from irrigation can be allocated to perform these operations. In the Republic of Kalmykia, from 250 to 430 thousand ha of salted arable land are in need of phytomelioration.

 Also known is a transplanting machine, including a frame, support wheels, hinge brackets, planting devices, seedling boxes, coulters and rollers, awning and planting seats (see Agricultural and land reclamation machines / G.E. Listopad, G.K.Demidov , B.D. Zonov, etc. Under the general editorship of G. E. Listopad. -M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. - 688 pp., Ill. - (Textbooks and textbooks for higher educational institutions). - S.93, Fig. 1.53). This machine is taken as the closest analogue in the device part.

 When using the aforementioned machine to create licorice crop plantations, the coulters and rollers do not fulfill the specified configuration of the profile section of the post-planting relief of the irrigated areas.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The task to which the invention is directed is the creation and operation of licorice plantations on the site of degraded, desertified and not suitable for cultivating traditional crops of previously irrigated lands.

 The effect and technical result is stabilization of the processes of degradation of secondarily saline lands, improvement of the habitat, creation of jobs and an increase in the standard of living of the population of the northwestern Caspian region and the southern regions of the Russian Federation, a decrease in the level of groundwater, their degree of mineralization, the solution of the food supply and the creation of licorice plantations with stocks of root mass as a raw material of a number of industries.

 The indicated effect and technical result during the implementation of the invention are achieved by the fact that in the known method of creating long-term plantations of licorice culture as a mesogalophyte on degraded irrigated soils, including its pre-planting treatment and planting, according to the invention mechanically destroy weeds, crop residues and root systems in the surface layer, carry out strip loosening of the arable layer and the arable horizon, lay cuttings from licorice rhizomes on the surface of the worked field, form wide-row plantings by covering the cuttings with a layer of soil by removing it from the row-spacings and creating rollers above the planting material, weed vegetation is destroyed by milling the upper layer to a depth of 3-12 cm; strip loosening is performed to a depth of 0.35-0.55 m with a step between strips of 0.35-1.05 m, laying of cuttings is carried out over the ridges of untreated strips with a step of 0.7-1.4 m; excavation is carried out to a depth of 0.15-0.25 m from the surface of the field.

A device for creating plantations of licorice culture, containing a frame, support wheels, hinge brackets, drawer boxes, seedlings seats, awning, planting devices and openers, according to the invention, each opener is made in the form of two flat different-sized mating racks V -shaped, one of which is installed at an angle to the horizon less than 90 ^o and is paired with a vertically mounted mounting rack, the other rack of a lower height has an inclination angle of more than 90 ^o , and on an inclined rack with on the side of its mounting part, ribs are placed parallel to the opposite inclined rack; the angle of the solution of the V-shaped inclined mating racks is 60-120 ^o ; the angle of inclination of the inclined rack from the mounting part to the direction of movement is made less than 60 ^o ; the angle of inclination of the smaller inclined rack is made more than 120 ^o ; ribs on an inclined rack placed at an angle less than 40 ^o ; the ribs are made of different lengths; V-shaped inclined struts are mated in a circular arc with a radius of more than 100 mm.

 Due to the fact that the planting material (cuttings from the rhizomes of licorice naked) is laid on the surface of the treated strip and covered with a layer of soil by excavation from the rows, the above technical result is achieved.

 An analysis of the level of technologies (methods) and technology by the applicants, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicants did not find analogues (both in part of the method and devices for implementing the method), characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The proposed closest analogues for the method and device made it possible to identify a set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicants in the claimed method and device for implementing the method set forth in the claims.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the conformity of the claimed invention to the requirement of "inventive step", the applicants conducted an additional search for known methods and technical solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue. The results of the verification show that the claimed invention does not follow for the specialist explicitly from the known level of technology and technology, in particular, the claimed invention does not provide for known transformations.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows the cross section of the old plow layer on a structured array of irrigated soils with a high level of groundwater occurrence.

 In FIG. 2 - the same, after the mechanical destruction of weeds, crop residues and root systems in the surface layer.

 In FIG. 3 - the process of strip loosening of the arable layer and the subsurface horizon.

 In FIG. 4 - laying of planting material on the surface of the treated strip (cuttings of licorice rhizomes as mesogalophyte).

 In FIG. Figure 5 presents the process of forming wide-row plantings of licorice cuttings on the surface of the irrigated field (check) by excavating the soil from the rows and creating rollers over the planting material.

 In FIG. 6 shows the working body of a planting machine for creating plantations of licorice culture, a plan view.

 In FIG. 7 is the same, rear view.

 In FIG. 8 - same, left view.

 Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

 Phytomelioration technologies are based on the productivity of wild plants preserved in the natural associations of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, as well as the viability of the dominant weed species that populated these lands in the process of soil degradation under the influence of plowing, irrigation, or a disturbed flood regime. Of the economically valuable flood-resistant species of wild plants that form grass meadows in the middle and long-growing sections of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, more than 20 species of herbaceous plants of the mesophilic group were identified, including licorice is naked.

 The dominant plant species of degraded meadows and abandoned irrigated lands include Primorye tuber, cattail, common reed, three-part sequence, common gingerbread, millet, hemp, etc.

 Elevated shoots 1, mortmass, crop residues and roots of wild weeds are destroyed mechanically - the surface layer 2 is milled with a combined soil mill KFK-3,6. The latter is aggregated with caterpillar tractors of draft class 3 (DT-75S, VT-100, T-150, etc.). The milling depth within 3-12 cm is established by the helical mechanisms of the support wheels. The operating speed of the unit is not higher than 3.0 km / h. The interaction of the L-shaped cutter knives with plants and crop residues leads to the formation of mulch. The topsoil is crushed together with the roots of wild plants. Top layer 2 is crumbled to agronomically valuable fractions. Plant residues together with crushed clods create a loose layer capable of retaining moisture and soil temperature in a given mode (see Fig. 1 and 2).

 After that, in the same direction, strip loosening of the arable layer 3 and the subsoil horizon 4 is carried out. This operation is carried out by a tillage unit including a tractor of draft class 3 (DT-75C, BT-100, T-150) and a implement containing the PLN-6 plow frame -35, a hitch, a support wheel with a screw mechanism and racks-rippers. Strip loosening is performed to a depth of 0.35-0.55 m. The step between the loosened strips is set taking into account the level of groundwater.

 When moving the soil cultivating unit with a step of 0.35-1.05 m, loosened strips 5 remain, increasing in cross section in the direction of the upper layer 2. When loosening, the plow sole is destroyed 6. Between loosened strips 5 there are untreated zones 7. Cuttings are laid on top of ridges 8 9 from the roots and rhizomes of licorice. The laying of cuttings 9 is carried out in a wide-row way. The width of the row-spacings B is performed in increments of 0.7-1.4 m. Laying the cuttings 9 is carried out over the ridges 8 of the untreated zones 7.

 Broad-row licorice planting as mesogalophyte is formed by covering the cuttings 9 with a layer of 10 soil by excavating it from the row-spacing 11 and creating rollers above the planting material - cuttings 9. The soil is removed from the row-spacing 11 to a depth of 0.15-0.25 m from the surface of the top layer 2 the soil.

 When creating plantations, they are guided by the following principles: the availability of soil moisture reserves, the level of groundwater occurrence, planting time and the quality of planting material.

 In the flooded part of the Volga floodplain, root extraction is carried out in two stages: pre-flood period - from March 10 to May 15; post-flood period - from July 20 to December 5-10.

When planting licorice root cuttings in the early spring period, soil moisture reserves are sufficient. The cuttings of rhizomes and Karabash laid on layer 2 after sheltering with a layer of 10 soil are rolled in rolls of barrel-shaped or other shape. Rolling a complex relief creates a contact of the cuttings with the soil. Rolling the top layer of soil 10 also creates a contact of the cuttings 9 with the lower layer 2 (Fig. 5) and the upper layer 10. By rolling along the capillaries, moisture is drawn to the surface of the handle 9. The cork and bast layers of the handle are saturated with moisture 9. The moisture penetrates into the lignified internal layers of cuttings. High soil moisture in layers 2 and 10 and high temperature (above +20 ^o C) awaken sleeping (axillary) kidneys. From them overground and underground shoots are formed. The first always starts to grow buds, forming an aerial shoot, followed by an adnexal root grows from the bottom of the same kidney. The adventitious roots often begin to form only when the overhead shoot comes to the surface. This is especially true for segments of rhizomes of two years of age. In the middle of summer, many plants show growth of new rhizomes and additional roots. Rhizomes and subordinate roots, as a rule, grow from the axillary buds of the basal part of the aerial stem, immersed in the soil. The number of rhizomes can reach 6-8 by the end of the season, the length of individual ones reaches 80-100 cm with a diameter of 5-12 mm. The number of adventitious roots is 2-3 pcs. on 1 plant. Partial shoots in the first year of plant life are not observed.

 Milling the upper layer 2 destroyed the root systems of perennial weeds. The presence of heat and high humidity, as well as the removal of competitors lead to the fact that annual weeds begin to sprout intensively. The latter is destroyed by the cultivation of aisles. Depending on the growing conditions, either modernized lancet paws of cultivators-plant nutrients or active (milling) working bodies driven by a tractor PTO are used. The destruction of weed vegetation in the first year of growth contributes to the intensive growth of aerial licorice shoots.

 The complex surface of the relief also contributes to the intensive evaporation of water from the soil and soil layers. This contributes to lower groundwater levels.

 From the cuttings of the local floodplain ecotype licorice form a population genetically resistant to adverse factors. As a more evolutionarily young eco-morph, floodplain licorice has greater plasticity and is of the greatest value when creating cultural plantations on degraded irrigated lands. The productivity of the roots of floodplain thickets suitable for liquorice extraction is 30 ... 40% higher than the productivity of thickets of the dry steppe ecotype. Licorice plantations formed on degraded soil massifs during phyto-reclamation work are subsequently suitable for direct extraction of root mass as licorice.

 Growing licorice on degraded lands provides 8-10 t / ha of high-protein energy-rich feeds and up to 15-25 t / ha of licorice root - a valuable medicinal and food raw material. Licorice in the 2nd year of life does not need care and is capable of producing high root yields for decades in monoculture with periodic plantings. Thus, phytomelioration using licorice culture is a cost-effective and environmentally effective method of developing degraded irrigated lands. The structural features of the root system of licorice allows its sucking roots to transpire per season up to 20 thousand cubic meters of water from each hectare of licorice. For six to seven years of plant life, the level of groundwater even on rice fields decreases by two to three meters. High salt tolerance of licorice contributes to the removal of salts in the upper layers. Simultaneously with the accompanying plants, the salts raised to the surface are absorbed, for example, by amaranth.

 A device for creating plantations of licorice culture contains well-known nodes: a frame, support-drive wheels, hinge brackets, boxes for cuttings, seats for planters, an awning, planting machines and openers. These nodes are known in the commercially available mounted seedling planter SKN-6A. The thrust class of an aggregated tractor is 3. Coverage - 4.2 m. Operating speed - up to 3.5 km / h. Hourly productivity - 1.5 hectares. The row spacing is 0.7-1.4 m. The landing pitch is 0.5 or 0.9 m. The number of staff instead of with a tractor operator is 7 people. New in the design of the device is the opener, a general view of which is shown in FIG. 6-8. Each opener is made in the form of two flat, different-sized, inclined to the direction of movement of the mating racks 12 and 13 of a V-shape.

One of the blades 14 of the rack 13 (right in the direction of travel of the landing unit) is installed at an angle β to the horizon of less than 90 ^o . The rack 13 is associated with a vertically mounted mounting rack 15. The upper part of the rack 15 has holes 16 for bolting to the device frame. The stand 12 has a lower height. The blade 17 has an angle of inclination to the direction of movement of more than 90 ^o . The angle of the solution of the γ-shaped mating inclined racks 12 and 13 is 60-120 ^o . The angle β of the inclination of the inclined rack 13 to the direction of movement is made less than 60 ^o . The angle α of inclination of the smaller inclined rack 12 to the direction of movement is made greater than 120 ^o . The conjugation of the inclined racks 12 and 13 of the V-shape is made along an arc of a circle with a radius r of more than 100 mm.

On the inclined rack 13 from the side of its mounting part 15 there are ribs 18, 19 and 20 parallel to the opposite inclined rack 12. The ribs 18-20 are made of different lengths. Blades 14 and 17 have a continuous cutting edge 21. The opener reamer is made of sheet steel with a thickness of 8-12 mm. Material - Steel 60. The cutting edge of 21 blades 14 and 17 is hardened to a hardness of 35-45 HRC _e . Face 22 ribs 18-20 on an inclined rack 13 to its flat face placed at an angle less than 40 ^o .

 A device for creating plantations of licorice culture works as follows.

 The frame of the device is connected to the rods of the hydraulic system of the mounted tractor. The hitch diagram is three-point. The coulters are installed behind the planting machines. The machine operator checks the chain drives of the planting apparatus. Tied cuttings are bundled in boxes. The frame is lowered onto the drive wheels. Planters sit on the seats. When the planting unit moves, each of the planters directs licorice root stalks to the grip. When the apparatus rotates, each stalk falls to the surface of the field at zero speed. The long axis of each handle is oriented strictly in the direction of movement. The distance between adjacent planting apparatuses is 700 ± 5 mm. The coulters are offset from the planting apparatus by 350 ± 5 mm to the side. Mounting racks 15 are combined with disks of the planting apparatus. Each opener with its rounded part moves between rows to a depth of 0.15-0.25 m. The soil layer is cut with the cutting edge 21 of the blades 14 and 17. When moving the inclined stands 12 and 13, the soil layer is cut with a cross section in the form of an isosceles or rectangular triangle. The trimmed layer enters the edge 22 of the ribs 18-20 and is simultaneously displaced from bottom to top and from right to left in the direction of movement. The left cropped part of the formation with ribs 18-20 moves along the inclined steel surface of the left short rack 12. With different ribs 18-20, the soil layer 10 is laid on the upper layer 2 and the cuttings 9 are hidden from the licorice roots. The loosened soil from the row-spacing 11 is laid on the top of the ridge 8. Thus, a whole system of ditches "half-excavation-half-embankment" is obtained. The complex profile of the surface of the waste rice check is rolled up with barrel-shaped rollers. Thus, the contact of the cuttings 9 with layers 2 and 10 of the soil is created. Laying cuttings 9 according to the indicated scheme, i.e., to the top 8 of the untreated zone, eliminates damage to the sucking roots during plant growth. The presence of loosened zones 5 on the inclined side walls of the untreated strips 7 provides breathing of the root system with a close occurrence of groundwater. As the level (mirror) of groundwater decreases, the root system of licorice plants spreads inland.

 Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention: the claimed method and device for its implementation are intended for use in agriculture, in particular for the creation of licorice plantations on degraded irrigated lands. The device can be used multifunctionally. The possibility of carrying out the invention is achieved using known methods and means. The proposed method of phytomelioration has an extremely high efficiency. The competitiveness and profitability of licorice root, as a fodder crop and valuable raw materials, allows the development of degraded lands without significant involvement of local and federal budgets. The presence in Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions, the republics of Kalmykia and Dagestan of significant areas with thickets of wild forms of licorice of floodplain and steppe ecotypes makes it possible to carry out work on the creation of cultural plantations on degraded irrigated lands at the expense of funds received from the extraction and sale of wild roots and rhizomes. The method of creating plantations and phytomelioration of waste and obstructed land by licorice plants is ecologically safe. The claimed method eliminates the processes of water, solar and air erosion. The technical result of the device is achieved with a simple design, the use of known elements and is characterized by wide capabilities.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (12)

 1. A method of creating long-term plantations of licorice culture as a mesogalophyte on degraded irrigated soils, including its pre-planting and planting, characterized in that mechanically destroy weeds, crop residues and root systems in the surface layer, carry out strip loosening of the arable layer and the arable horizon they place cuttings from licorice rhizomes on the surface of the treated field, form wide-row plantings by covering the cuttings with a layer of soil by excavating them from between yady and create ridges on the planting material.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the destruction of weeds is carried out by milling the upper layer to a depth of 3 to 12 cm  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip loosening is performed to a depth of 0.35 - 0.55 m with a step between the strips of 0.35 - 1.05 m.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of the cuttings is carried out over the ridges of the untreated strips in increments of 0.7 - 1.4 m  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil is excavated to a depth of 0.15-0.25 m from the field surface. 6. Device for creating plantations of licorice culture, containing a frame, support wheels, hinge brackets, boxes for cuttings, planter seats, awning, planting apparatus and openers, characterized in that each opener is made in the form of two flat different-sized inclined towards the direction of movement racks V-shaped blade at the front of one of the blades set at an angle to the horizontal of less than 90 ^o, which is associated with rack vertically in mounting rack, another rack blade has lesser height HS ohm inclination to the direction of greater than 90 ^o, while the sloping rack from its mounting portion arranged opposite parallel edges rack. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the angle of the solution of the V-shaped inclined mating racks is 60 - 120 ^o . 8. The device according to p. 6, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the inclined rack from the mounting part to the direction of movement is made less than 60 ^o . 9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the smaller inclined rack to the direction of movement is made more than 120 ^o . 10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the ribs on an inclined rack are placed to its flat face at an angle of less than 40 ^o .  11. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the ribs are made of different lengths.  12. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the pairing of inclined V-shaped uprights is made along an arc of a circle with a radius of more than 100 mm.

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