CN114208435B - Cultivation method for retaining water and enhancing efficiency of gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix - Google Patents
Cultivation method for retaining water and enhancing efficiency of gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for water retention and synergism of a gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix, which comprises the following steps: setting cotton curtain at the temperature of 55 deg.c and 35 deg.c for 10 days, ventilating and drying; deeply turning over farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer after broadcasting; after ridging, digging a cultivation ditch on the ridge, digging 20cm downwards along the bottom of the cultivation ditch, and deeply burying a mixture of an organic fertilizer, sheep manure, a seedling culture substrate, a water-retaining soil loosening agent and a composite microbial agent; 3-4 days after watering thoroughly, dislocation planting is carried out in the cultivation ditch 10cm away from the ridge surface, seedling water is watered after 4-5 days, and seedlings are placed after film coating on the ridge after 2 days; irrigation, topdressing, pest control and batch harvesting in the harvest period. The mixture buried under the cultivation ditch has the functions of preserving water and fertilizer and improving the permeability of soil, a hollow space is formed between the cultivation ditch and the covering film, the rhizosphere permeability is increased, and the yield of yellow sand cultivated crops in a sunlight greenhouse can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand cultivation, and particularly relates to a gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix water retention synergistic cultivation method.
Background
Gansu is one of the provinces of serious desertification in China, and the uncultivated area reaches 1934.8 kilohms 2 Mainly concentrated in the region of the Hexi corridor, and occupies 42% of the total land area of the whole province. In recent years, the modern silk road cold and drought agriculture industry is developed in China, and the development of facility vegetable industry is accelerated; however, the Gobi solar greenhouse generally has the defects that the matrix in the greenhouse is mostly sandy soil or cotton sand, the soil curing degree is low, the fertility is poor, the water and fertilizer retention performance is poor, and the method becomes a main factor for influencing the growth and development of crops and restricting the yield of the crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the cultivation method for water retention and synergism of the gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix, which can improve the yield of crops cultivated by sunlight greenhouse yellow sand.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cultivation method for water retention and synergism of a gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation in the early stage: after seedling pulling of the previous crop, cleaning up the disease plant residues in the Gobi sunlight greenhouse, and sterilizing the shed; closing all air outlets in 7-8 months, closing the high-temperature greenhouse for 10 days, setting the highest temperature in the greenhouse at 55 ℃ and the lowest temperature at 35 ℃ in the greenhouse, putting down cotton curtains at night for heat preservation, and airing after the greenhouse is closed; the soil of the gobi sunlight greenhouse is gobi yellow sand matrix;
s2, deep turning after spreading farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer while preparing land; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 6000 kg/mu to 8000 kg/mu; the total amount of N in the fertilizer is 6 kg/mu-10 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 The total amount of (2) is 18 kg/mu-20 kg/mu, K 2 The total amount of O is 6 kg/mu to 10 kg/mu;
s3, forming ridges according to the ridge width of 50cm and the ridge height of 10 cm-15 cm, wherein the ridge spacing is 60cm, forming cultivation trenches on the ridges along the length direction of the ridges, wherein the trench width is 40cm, the trench depth is 30 cm-40 cm, continuously digging a space with the depth of 20cm downwards along the trench bottom of the cultivation trench, and then burying a mixture of an organic fertilizer, sheep manure, a seedling raising substrate, a water-retaining soil loosening agent and a composite microbial agent into the space with the trench bottom of 20cm downwards;
s4, watering thoroughly in the cultivation ditch obtained in the S3, and planting seedlings in the ditch, which is 10cm away from the ridge surface, of the cultivation ditch obtained in the S3 in a staggered manner, wherein the plant spacing is 40 cm-50 cm;
s5, watering the seedling-reviving water 4-5 days after field planting, watering the seedling-reviving water with small water, and watering without large water and permeating water;
s6, covering a film on the ridge 2 days after seedling water is poured, forming a hollow space between the film and the cultivation ditch in the S3, and placing seedlings after covering the film; after the film is covered, a hollow space is formed between the film and the cultivation groove, so that the air permeability of the rhizosphere can be increased;
s7, irrigation and topdressing are carried out according to the fertilizer requirement rules of different crops;
s8, performing pest control;
s9, harvesting in batches in a harvesting period; can timely harvest, ensure sanitation and disinfection in the harvesting process, and prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the depth of the deep turning in the step S2 is 25 cm-30 cm.
Preferably, the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling raising matrix, the water-retaining soil loosening agent and the composite microbial agent in the S3 is buried in a space with 20cm below the ditch bottom, the application amount of the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling raising matrix, the water-retaining soil loosening agent and the composite microbial agent is 10kg, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling raising matrix, the water-retaining soil loosening agent and the composite microbial agent in the mixture is 100:100:120:5:2.
The organic fertilizer is commercially available and is N+P produced by Gansu Pukang biotechnology Co., ltd 2 O 5 +K 2 Organic fertilizer with O more than or equal to 5%, organic matter more than or equal to 45%, pH of 5.5-8.5, fertilizer registration certificate: gan Nong fertilizer [2019 ]]Quasi word 1270;
the seedling substrate is commercially available, is produced by Wuhansheng Yonghe agriculture limited company, and is a seedling substrate without nutrition addition, which takes imported coconut husk, imported peat, carbonized rice husk and perlite as main components;
the water-retaining soil loosener is commercially available and is a high-efficiency water-retaining soil loosener (soil conditioner) produced by Kaolin chemical Co., ltd;
the compound microbial agent is commercially available and is produced by the company of the biological technology limited company of Lianyuangang Feng Yu, wherein the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the registration number is: and the microorganism fertilizer (2019) is named (6764).
Preferably, the water quantity of the water permeated in the step S4 is 20-30 m 3 Per mu.
Preferably, the seedling in S4 is tomato.
Preferably, the water quantity of the seedling watering water in the step S5 is 10m 3 Per mu to 15m 3 Per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the organic fertilizer, sheep manure, seedling culture substrate, water-retaining soil loosener and compound microbial agent mixture are buried below the cultivation ditch, the cultivation ditch is excavated on the ridge, a hollow space is formed between the cultivation ditch and the covering film after the plant seedlings are transplanted, and the ventilation property of the rhizosphere can be increased. And the seedlings are planted in the ditches at a position 10cm away from the ridge surface in a staggered manner, after irrigation, water enters the ditch bottom of the cultivation ditch, so that excessive water can be prevented from soaking root systems, and the morbidity is reduced. The invention is applied to Gobi yellow sand matrix, and can improve the yield of crops cultivated by yellow sand in a sunlight greenhouse.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
This example was conducted in 2020 at the gobi solar greenhouse base of the Qinghai-shoal immigrant area of Gulang county, the substrate in the shed is typically Gobi yellow sand.
The cultivation method for water retention and synergism of the gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation in the early stage: after seedling pulling of the previous crop, cleaning up the disease plant residues in the Gobi sunlight greenhouse, and sterilizing the shed; then, starting 7 months (26 days of 7 months), closing all air outlets, and sealing the greenhouse at high temperature for 10 days, wherein the highest temperature in the greenhouse is 55 ℃ and the lowest temperature is 35 ℃ in the white days, putting down cotton curtains at night for heat preservation, and ventilating and airing after the sealing of the greenhouse is finished; the soil of the gobi sunlight greenhouse is gobi yellow sand matrix;
s2, soil preparation: simultaneously, deeply turning 25cm after spreading farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 6000 kg/mu; the total amount of N in the fertilizer is 6 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 The total amount of (C) is 18 kg/mu, K 2 The total amount of O is 6 kg/mu;
s3, forming ridges with ridge width of 50cm and ridge height of 10cm, then forming cultivation grooves with ridge spacing of 60cm on the ridges along the length direction of the ridges, continuously digging a space with groove width of 40cm and groove depth of 30cm downwards along the groove bottom of the cultivation grooves and deep digging a space with depth of 20cm, and then burying a mixture of an organic fertilizer, sheep manure, a seedling raising matrix, a water-retaining soil loosener and a composite microbial inoculum into the space with groove bottom of 20cm downwards; the application amount of the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent in a space with 20cm downwards below the buried trench bottom is 10kg, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent in the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent is 100:100:120:5:2;
the organic fertilizer is commercially available and is N+P produced by Gansu Pukang biotechnology Co., ltd 2 O 5 +K 2 Organic fertilizer with O more than or equal to 5%, organic matter more than or equal to 45%, pH of 5.5-8.5, fertilizer registration certificate: gan Nong fertilizer [2019 ]]Quasi word 1270;
the seedling substrate is commercially available, is produced by Wuhansheng Yonghe agriculture limited company, and is a seedling substrate without nutrition addition, which takes imported coconut husk, imported peat, carbonized rice husk and perlite as main components;
the water-retaining soil loosener is commercially available and is a high-efficiency water-retaining soil loosener (soil conditioner) produced by Kaolin chemical Co., ltd;
the compound microbial agent is commercially available and is produced by the company of the biological technology limited company of Lianyuangang Feng Yu, wherein the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the registration number is: the microorganism fertilizer (2019) is quasi-word (6764);
s4, watering thoroughly in the cultivation ditch obtained in S3 for 24 days in 8 months, wherein the watering amount is 30m 3 Per mu; planting tomato seedlings in a staggered manner in the position 10cm away from the ridge surface in the cultivation ditch obtained in the step S3 4 days after watering, wherein the plant spacing is 50cm;
s5, watering and reviving seedling water 4 days after field planting; the seedling water needs to be watered with small water, and is not watered with large water, and water is permeated; the water quantity of the seedlings to be watered is 15m 3 Per mu;
s6, covering a film on the ridge 2 days after seedling water is poured, forming a hollow space between the film and the cultivation ditch in the S3, and placing seedlings after covering the film;
s7, irrigation and topdressing are carried out, 1 time of irrigation is carried out every 15 days before fruiting, and the water yield of each irrigation is 15m 3 No additional fertilizer is applied; after the result, water was poured 1 time every 15 days, each time the water was poured 20m 3 And topdressing N7 kg/mu and K with water each time 2 O3 kg/mu. Water is irrigated for 13 times in the whole growth period, and additional fertilizer is applied for 8 times; the irrigation time is mainly the morning of a sunny day;
s8, performing pest control;
s9, harvesting in 7 batches in the harvesting period (11 months, 17 days, 11 months, 30 days, 12 months, 14 days, 12 months, 29 days, 2021, 1 month, 16 days, 1 month, 28 days, 2 months and 18 days) can be performed in time, so that sanitary disinfection in the harvesting process can be ensured, and disease and insect pest transmission can be prevented.
In the embodiment, tomatoes are harvested in batches and the yield is measured, wherein the tomato yield reaches 6540 kg/mu, and is 13.15% higher than the conventional cultivation yield 5780 kg/mu of the Gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand substrate.
The conventional cultivation is to adopt a high-furrow film-covered cultivation method, wherein the height of a ridge is 30cm, the width of the ridge is 80cm, tomato seedlings are planted on two sides of the ridge in a fixed mode, and the film is covered on the ridge; the main differences are that: the conventional cultivation method has no cultivation ditches on the ridges and no mixture of organic fertilizer, sheep manure, seedling substrate, water-retaining soil loosener and composite microbial agent is applied to the cultivation ditches; the management methods of planting density, watering and fertilizing, pest control and the like are consistent with the cultivation method of the embodiment.
Example 2
This example was performed in 2019 on a gobi solar greenhouse base in the Gobi-Mitsui, qinghai county, the shed substrate is typically Gobi yellow sand.
The cultivation method for water retention and synergism of the gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation in the early stage: after seedling pulling of the previous crop, cleaning up the disease plant residues in the Gobi sunlight greenhouse, and sterilizing the shed; then, starting 8 months (8 months and 2 days), closing all air outlets, and sealing the greenhouse at high temperature for 10 days, wherein the highest temperature in the greenhouse is 55 ℃ and the lowest temperature is 35 ℃ in the white days, putting down cotton curtains at night for heat preservation, and ventilating and airing after the sealing of the greenhouse is finished; the soil of the gobi sunlight greenhouse is gobi yellow sand matrix;
s2, soil preparation: at the same time of soil preparation, deeply ploughing for 30cm after spreading farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 8000 kg/mu; the total amount of N in the fertilizer is 10 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 The total amount of (C) is 20 kg/mu, K 2 The total amount of O is 10 kg/mu;
s3, forming ridges with ridge width of 50cm and ridge height of 15cm, then forming cultivation grooves with ridge spacing of 60cm on the ridges along the length direction of the ridges, continuously digging a space with groove width of 40cm and groove depth of 40cm downwards along the groove bottom of the cultivation grooves and deep digging a space with depth of 20cm, and then burying a mixture of an organic fertilizer, sheep manure, a seedling raising matrix, a water-retaining soil loosener and a composite microbial inoculant into the space with groove bottom of 20cm downwards; the application amount of the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent buried in a space with 20cm downwards at the bottom of a ditch is 10kg, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent in the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent is 100:100:120:5:2;
the organic fertilizer is commercially available and is N+P produced by Gansu Pukang biotechnology Co., ltd 2 O 5 +K 2 Organic fertilizer with O more than or equal to 5%, organic matter more than or equal to 45%, pH of 5.5-8.5, fertilizer registration certificate: gan Nong fertilizer [2019 ]]Quasi word 1270;
the seedling substrate is commercially available, is produced by Wuhansheng Yonghe agriculture limited company, and is a seedling substrate without nutrition addition, which takes imported coconut husk, imported peat, carbonized rice husk and perlite as main components;
the water-retaining soil loosener is commercially available and is a high-efficiency water-retaining soil loosener (soil conditioner) produced by Kaolin chemical Co., ltd;
the compound microbial agent is commercially available and is produced by the company of the biological technology limited company of Lianyuangang Feng Yu, wherein the effective viable count is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the registration number is: the microorganism fertilizer (2019) is quasi-word (6764);
S4watering thoroughly in the cultivation ditch obtained in the step S3 for 9 months and 1 day, wherein the watering amount is 20m 3 Per mu; planting tomato seedlings in a staggered manner in the position 10cm away from the ridge surface in the cultivation ditch obtained in the step S3 4 days after watering, wherein the plant spacing is 40cm;
s5, watering and reviving seedling water 5 days after field planting; the seedling water needs to be watered with small water, and is not watered with large water, and water is permeated; the water quantity of the seedlings to be watered is 10m 3 Per mu;
s6, covering a film on the ridge 2 days after seedling water is poured, forming a hollow space between the film and the cultivation ditch in the S3, and placing seedlings after covering the film;
s7, irrigation and topdressing are carried out, 1 time of irrigation is carried out every 15 days before fruiting, and the water yield of each irrigation is 15m 3 No additional fertilizer is applied; after the result, water was poured 1 time every 15 days, each time the water was poured 20m 3 And topdressing N7 kg/mu and K with water each time 2 O3 kg/mu. Water is irrigated for 13 times in the whole growth period, and additional fertilizer is applied for 8 times; the irrigation time is mainly the morning of a sunny day;
s8, performing pest control;
s9, 8 batches of harvesting are carried out in the harvesting period (11 months 13 days in 2019, 1 month, 19 days in 12 months, 1 month, 12 days in 2020, 30 days in 1 month, 18 days in 2 months, 4 days in 3 months and 25 days in 3 months), so that the sanitation and disinfection in the harvesting process can be ensured, and the spread of diseases and insect pests can be prevented.
In the embodiment, tomatoes are harvested in batches and the yield is measured, and the tomato yield reaches 6020 kg/mu.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method for water retention and synergism of a gobi sunlight greenhouse yellow sand matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation in the early stage: after seedling pulling of the previous crop, cleaning up the disease plant residues in the Gobi sunlight greenhouse, and sterilizing the shed; closing all air outlets in 7-8 months, closing the high-temperature greenhouse for 10 days, setting the highest temperature in the greenhouse at 55 ℃ and the lowest temperature at 35 ℃ in the greenhouse, putting down cotton curtains at night for heat preservation, and airing after the greenhouse is closed; the soil of the gobi sunlight greenhouse is gobi yellow sand matrix;
s2, deep turning after spreading farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer while preparing land; the application amount of the farmyard manure is 6000 kg/mu to 8000 kg/mu; the total amount of N in the fertilizer is 6 kg/mu-10 kg/mu and P 2 O 5 The total amount of (2) is 18 kg/mu-20 kg/mu, K 2 The total amount of O is 6 kg/mu to 10 kg/mu; the depth of the deep turning is 25 cm-30 cm;
s3, forming ridges according to the ridge width of 50cm and the ridge height of 10 cm-15 cm, wherein the ridge spacing is 60cm, forming cultivation trenches on the ridges along the length direction of the ridges, wherein the trench width is 40cm, the trench depth is 30 cm-40 cm, continuously digging a space with the depth of 20cm downwards along the trench bottom of the cultivation trench, and then burying a mixture of an organic fertilizer, sheep manure, a seedling raising substrate, a water-retaining soil loosening agent and a composite microbial agent into the space with the trench bottom of 20cm downwards; the application amount of the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent buried in a space with 20cm downwards at the bottom of a ditch is 10kg, and the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent in the mixture of the organic fertilizer, the sheep manure, the seedling substrate, the water-retaining soil-loosening agent and the composite microbial agent is 100:100:120:5:2;
s4, watering thoroughly in the cultivation ditch obtained in the S3, and planting seedlings in the ditch, which is 10cm away from the ridge surface, of the cultivation ditch obtained in the S3 in a staggered manner, wherein the plant spacing is 40 cm-50 cm; the water quantity of the water to be poured is 20m 3 Per mu to 30m 3 Per mu; the seedling is tomato seedling;
s5, watering and reviving seedling water 4-5 days after field planting; the watering quantity of the seedling watering and reviving water is 10m 3 Per mu to 15m 3 Per mu;
s6, covering a film on the ridge 2 days after seedling water is poured, forming a hollow space between the film and the cultivation ditch in the S3, and placing seedlings after covering the film;
s7, irrigation and topdressing are carried out;
s8, performing pest control;
s9, batch harvesting is carried out in the harvesting period.
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| CN113455322B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-05-26 | 菏泽学院 | Efficient continuous cropping-resistant cultivation method for facility cowpeas |
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