CN114145190A - High-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping field - Google Patents

High-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping field Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114145190A
CN114145190A CN202111136138.0A CN202111136138A CN114145190A CN 114145190 A CN114145190 A CN 114145190A CN 202111136138 A CN202111136138 A CN 202111136138A CN 114145190 A CN114145190 A CN 114145190A
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soil
mulching film
seedbed
greenhouse
planting method
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CN202111136138.0A
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Inventor
田柏青
孔溪
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Yunnan Moralgoods Agriculture And Technology Co ltd
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Yunnan Moralgoods Agriculture And Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111136138.0A priority Critical patent/CN114145190A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for organic vegetables on a sloping field, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation, ridging and greenhouse erection; (2) preparing nutrient soil, making a seedbed and laying a mulching film: uniformly mixing plant ash, humus soil, bentonite and cake meal to prepare nutrient soil; laying a layer of prepared nutrient soil on the raised ridges to serve as a seedbed; laying a mulching film above the seedbed, and covering the edge of the mulching film with soil; (3) punching, watering, sowing and covering soil: punching holes on the laid mulching film according to the required pond distance, injecting water through the holes for irrigation, and sowing seeds corresponding to the holes punched on the mulching film; paving a layer of prepared nutrient soil on the upper surface of the sowed seedbed again to bury the seeds and simultaneously cover the sowed holes with soil; (4) injecting oxygen-enriched air: injecting oxygen-enriched air into the mulching film until seedlings emerge; (5) and (3) managing after emergence: after seedling emergence, oxygen is injected into the greenhouse until harvesting. By utilizing the planting method, the seedling emergence rate is high, and the mu yield is high.

Description

High-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping field
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a high-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping fields.
Background
The organic vegetables are vegetable products which do not use chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, growth regulators and other substances, genetic engineering organisms and products thereof in the production process of the vegetables, follow natural laws and ecological principles, adopt a series of sustainable agricultural technologies, coordinate planting balance, maintain the continuous and stable agricultural ecosystem, are identified and approved by an organic certification authority and issue organic certificates.
In the prior art, vegetables are usually planted on a slope with a certain gradient in certain regions with rich resources of sloping fields in China, such as southwest regions in China. However, most sloping fields have the problems of thin soil layer, poor soil quality, complex geological structure and low water and fertilizer retention capacity, so that when organic vegetables are planted on the sloping fields, on one hand, the seedling emergence rate is low, and on the other hand, the acre yield is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-yield planting method for organic vegetables in sloping fields, which not only has high seedling emergence rate, but also has high yield per mu.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping fields comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, ridging and greenhouse erection
After applying farmyard manure, turning over the soil, leveling and ridging; building a greenhouse outside the ridges, wherein the ridges are positioned in the greenhouse;
(2) preparing nutrient soil, making seedbed and laying mulching film
Uniformly mixing plant ash, humus soil, bentonite and cake meal to prepare nutrient soil; laying a layer of prepared nutrient soil on the raised ridges to serve as a seedbed; laying a mulching film above the seedbed, and covering the edge of the mulching film with soil;
(3) punching, irrigating, sowing and covering soil
Punching holes on the laid mulching film according to the required pond distance, injecting water through the holes for irrigation, and sowing seeds on the irrigated seedbed corresponding to the holes punched on the mulching film; paving a layer of prepared nutrient soil on the upper surface of the sowed seedbed again to bury the seeds and simultaneously cover the sowed holes with soil;
(4) injecting oxygen-enriched air
Injecting oxygen-enriched air into the mulching film, and controlling the oxygen content in the mulching film to be 22-28% until seedlings emerge;
(5) post-emergence management
And injecting oxygen into the greenhouse after the seedlings emerge, and controlling the oxygen content in the greenhouse to be 28% -35% in the whole growth period of the seedlings until the seedlings are harvested.
Preferably, when ridging in the step (1), ridging is performed along a direction perpendicular to a slope surface of a sloping field.
Preferably, the cake is a combination of more than one of soybean cake, corn cake and rapeseed cake.
Preferably, in the step (3), when a layer of prepared nutrient soil is paved on the upper surface of the seedbed after sowing again, the thickness of the nutrient soil layer is 0.5-1 cm.
Preferably, the oxygen content in the membrane is controlled to be 24-26% in the step (4).
Preferably, in the step (5), the oxygen content in the greenhouse is controlled to be 31% -33%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the seedling raising selection is directly carried out on the cultivated slope, the seedling raising and the cultivation are operated in an integrated mode, the problem that the seedling transplanting and then the cultivation are needed in the traditional seedling raising is avoided, the adaptability of the seedlings is improved, and the later-stage growth is facilitated.
(2) The invention can ensure the temperature in the seedling and cultivation process by using the modes of laying mulching films and seedling cultivation in the greenhouse, and is beneficial to improving the rate of emergence and promoting the growth of seedlings; particularly, the nutrient soil used by the seedbed has certain fluffiness, and when seedlings are grown in the mulching film, the oxygen-enriched air can better enter the seedbed by injecting the oxygen-enriched air into the mulching film, so that the seedling emergence rate is remarkably improved by the aid of the nutrient soil with certain fluffiness and the oxygen-enriched air.
(3) In the invention, after the seeds grow out of the greenhouse, the oxygen content in the greenhouse is controlled to be 28-35% in the whole growth period of the seedlings in the growth process in the greenhouse, so that the oxygen supply in the growth process of the seedlings is ensured, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and the aim of high yield is fulfilled.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A high-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping fields comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, ridging and greenhouse erection
After 450kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu of sloping field, turning and leveling the sloping field, and ridging the sloping field, wherein the direction of each ridge is vertical to the slope surface of the sloping field so as to be convenient for maintaining the moisture on the ridge; building a greenhouse outside the ridges, wherein the ridges are positioned in the greenhouse;
(2) preparing nutrient soil, making seedbed and laying mulching film
Uniformly mixing 20 parts of plant ash, 50 parts of humus soil, 25 parts of bentonite and 10 parts of soybean cake to prepare nutrient soil; laying a layer of prepared nutrient soil with the thickness of 2cm on the raised ridges to serve as a seedbed; laying a mulching film above the seedbed, and covering the edge of the mulching film with soil for sufficient heat preservation;
(3) punching, irrigating, sowing and covering soil
Punching holes on the laid mulching film according to the required pond distance, injecting water through the holes for irrigation, and sowing seeds on the irrigated seedbed corresponding to the holes punched on the mulching film, wherein the seed source is selected to be straight-leaf garlic variety in the embodiment; paving a layer of prepared nutrient soil with the thickness of 1cm on the upper surface of the sowed seedbed again to bury the seeds and simultaneously covering the sowed holes with soil;
(4) injecting oxygen-enriched air
Injecting oxygen-enriched air into the mulching film, and controlling the oxygen content in the mulching film to be 25-28% until seedlings emerge;
(5) post-emergence management
And injecting oxygen into the greenhouse after the seedlings emerge, and controlling the oxygen content in the greenhouse to be 28% -35% in the whole growth period of the seedlings until the seedlings are harvested.
Example 2
A high-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping fields comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, ridging and greenhouse erection
After 500kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu of sloping field, turning and leveling the sloping field, and ridging, wherein the direction of the ridge is vertical to the slope surface of the sloping field so as to be convenient for maintaining the moisture on the ridge; building a greenhouse outside the ridges, wherein the ridges are positioned in the greenhouse;
(2) preparing nutrient soil, making seedbed and laying mulching film
Uniformly mixing 25 parts of plant ash, 60 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of bentonite, 15 parts of rapeseed cake and 5 parts of soybean cake to prepare nutrient soil; laying a layer of prepared nutrient soil with the thickness of 1.5cm on the raised ridges to serve as a seedbed; laying a mulching film above the seedbed, and covering the edge of the mulching film with soil for sufficient heat preservation;
(3) punching, irrigating, sowing and covering soil
Punching holes on the laid mulching film according to the required pond distance, injecting water through the holes for irrigation, and sowing seeds on the irrigated seedbed corresponding to the holes punched on the mulching film, wherein the seed source is selected from a vintage type kidney bean variety in the embodiment; paving a layer of prepared nutrient soil with the thickness of 1cm on the upper surface of the sowed seedbed again to bury the seeds and simultaneously covering the sowed holes with soil;
(4) injecting oxygen-enriched air
Injecting oxygen-enriched air into the mulching film, and controlling the oxygen content in the mulching film to be 22-24% until seedlings emerge;
(5) post-emergence management
And injecting oxygen into the greenhouse after the seedlings emerge, and controlling the oxygen content in the greenhouse to be 32% -33% in the whole growth period of the seedlings until the seedlings are harvested.
Example 3
A high-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping fields comprises the following steps:
(1) soil preparation, ridging and greenhouse erection
After 550kg of farmyard manure is applied to each mu of sloping field, turning and leveling the sloping field, and ridging, wherein the direction of the ridge is vertical to the slope surface of the sloping field so as to be convenient for maintaining the moisture on the ridge; building a greenhouse outside the ridges, wherein the ridges are positioned in the greenhouse;
(2) preparing nutrient soil, making seedbed and laying mulching film
Uniformly mixing 15 parts of plant ash, 35 parts of humus, 20 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of rapeseed cake dregs, 5 parts of soybean cake dregs and 10 parts of corn cake dregs to prepare nutrient soil; laying a layer of prepared nutrient soil with the thickness of 1cm on the raised ridges to serve as a seedbed; laying a mulching film above the seedbed, and covering the edge of the mulching film with soil for sufficient heat preservation;
(3) punching, irrigating, sowing and covering soil
Punching holes on the laid mulching film according to the required pond distance, injecting water through the holes for irrigation, and sowing seeds on the irrigated seedbed corresponding to the holes punched on the mulching film, wherein the seed source is selected as a local tomato variety in the embodiment; paving a layer of prepared nutrient soil with the thickness of 1.5cm on the upper surface of the sowed seedbed again to bury the seeds and simultaneously covering the sowed holes with soil;
(4) injecting oxygen-enriched air
Injecting oxygen-enriched air into the mulching film, and controlling the oxygen content in the mulching film to be 24-26% until seedlings emerge;
(5) post-emergence management
And injecting oxygen into the greenhouse after the seedlings emerge, and controlling the oxygen content in the greenhouse to be 31% -33% in the whole growth period of the seedlings until the seedlings are harvested.
In order to verify the effect of the planting method of the present invention, the following comparative examples were prepared, and the rate of emergence and the post-harvest acre yield were counted, respectively, and the results of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The procedure was the same as in example 1 except that no oxygen-enriched air was injected into the formation.
Comparative example 2
The procedure was the same as in example 1 except that oxygen-enriched air was not injected into the mulching film and oxygen was not injected into the greenhouse after emergence of seedlings.
Comparative example 3
The procedure was the same as in example 2 except that no oxygen-enriched air was injected into the formation.
Comparative example 4
The procedure was the same as in example 2 except that no oxygen-enriched air was injected into the mulching film and no oxygen was injected into the greenhouse after emergence of seedlings.
Comparative example 5
The procedure was the same as in example 3, except that no oxygen-enriched air was injected into the formation.
Comparative example 6
The procedure was the same as in example 3 except that no oxygen-enriched air was injected into the mulching film and no oxygen was injected into the greenhouse after emergence of seedlings.
TABLE 1 statistical tables of emergence rate and acre yield
Group of Rate of emergence (%) Mu yield (kg)
Example 1 98 1500
Comparative example 1 92 1285
Comparative example 2 91 1196
Example 2 97 2400
Comparative example 3 90 2135
Comparative example 4 89 2007
Example 3 95 4612
Comparative example 5 86 4025
Comparative example 6 88 3985
As can be seen from the statistical tables of emergence rate and yield per mu in Table 1, the vegetables planted by the planting method of the invention in the examples 1-3 have higher emergence rate and yield per mu than those of the comparative examples; meanwhile, as can be seen from the above table, when oxygen-enriched air is not injected into the mulching film, if oxygen is not injected into the greenhouse after seedling emergence in the subsequent cultivation process, the per mu yield is also affected.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The high-yield planting method for the organic vegetables on the sloping field is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing soil, ridging, building a greenhouse, applying farmyard manure, turning over the soil, leveling and ridging; building a greenhouse outside the ridges, wherein the ridges are positioned in the greenhouse; preparing nutrient soil, making a seedbed, paving a mulching film, and uniformly mixing plant ash, humus soil, bentonite and cake dregs to prepare the nutrient soil; paving a layer of prepared nutrient soil on the raised ridge to serve as a seedbed; laying a mulching film above the seedbed, and covering the edge of the mulching film with soil; (3) punching, irrigating, sowing and covering soil on the laid mulching film according to the required pond distance, injecting water through the holes for irrigating, and sowing on the irrigated seedbed corresponding to the holes punched on the mulching film; laying a layer of prepared nutrient soil on the upper surface of the sowed seedbed again to bury the seeds and simultaneously cover the sowed holes with soil to be solid; (4) injecting oxygen-enriched air into the mulching film, and controlling the oxygen content in the mulching film to be 22-28% until seedlings emerge; and (5) after seedling emergence management, injecting oxygen into the greenhouse after seedling emergence, and controlling the oxygen content in the greenhouse to be 28-35% in the whole growth period of the seedlings until harvesting.
2. The high-yield planting method for the organic vegetables on the sloping field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridging in step (1) is performed along a direction perpendicular to the slope surface of the sloping field.
3. The high-yield planting method for the organic vegetables on the sloping field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cake is a combination of more than one of soybean cake, corn cake and rapeseed cake.
4. The method for high-yield planting of organic vegetables on the sloping field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when a layer of prepared nutrient soil is laid on the upper surface of the seedbed after sowing again, the thickness of the nutrient soil layer is 0.5-1 cm.
5. The high-yield planting method for the organic vegetables on the sloping field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxygen content in the film in the step (4) is controlled to be 24-26%.
6. The high-yield planting method for the organic vegetables on the sloping field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the oxygen content in the greenhouse is controlled to be 31% -33%.
CN202111136138.0A 2021-09-27 2021-09-27 High-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping field Pending CN114145190A (en)

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CN202111136138.0A CN114145190A (en) 2021-09-27 2021-09-27 High-yield planting method for organic vegetables on sloping field

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113593642A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-02 中国水利水电科学研究院 Method for identifying influence mechanism of slope farmland furrow layout on microorganisms

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113593642A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-02 中国水利水电科学研究院 Method for identifying influence mechanism of slope farmland furrow layout on microorganisms
CN113593642B (en) * 2021-09-07 2023-10-24 中国水利水电科学研究院 Identification method of microorganism influence mechanism by slope tillage ridge ditch layout

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