CN111226703A - Water chestnut winter and spring cultivation method - Google Patents
Water chestnut winter and spring cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226703A CN111226703A CN202010142593.0A CN202010142593A CN111226703A CN 111226703 A CN111226703 A CN 111226703A CN 202010142593 A CN202010142593 A CN 202010142593A CN 111226703 A CN111226703 A CN 111226703A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
- A01G9/1415—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material with double or multiple walls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1469—Greenhouses with double or multiple walls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating water caltrops in winter and spring, and belongs to the technical field of water caltrop planting. By the method for cultivating the water caltrops in the winter and spring protected land to promote the early ripening, the seedling raising time of the water caltrops can be advanced by about 2 months, the rate of emergence reaches 98%, transplanting and harvesting can be advanced by about 2 months through greenhouse facility cultivation, and the yield is obviously increased. The technical problems of germination acceleration, rooting and leaf growing of the water caltrops in winter and spring are effectively solved, and the early maturing cultivation of the early spring protected land is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water chestnut planting, and particularly relates to a water chestnut winter-spring cultivation method.
Background
Water chestnuts are important aquatic vegetables in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river and one area of Zhujiang Delta, and are rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acid, various vitamins and trace elements. The water caltrop does not contain fat which can make human body fat, so that it has the functions of reducing weight and building body, and also has the functions of invigorating stomach, stopping dysentery and resisting cancer.
Water layers are needed for growth of water chestnuts, seeding and seedling raising are generally carried out in Qingming-early summer, and harvesting before and after mid-autumn festival and marketing. According to the prior art, water chestnuts can only be grown in about 2 months, collected in 6-10 months, and the yield is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a method for cultivating water chestnuts in winter and spring, which can accelerate germination, root and leaf growth of the water chestnuts in winter and spring, and bring forward the marketing period of the water chestnuts by about 2 months, thereby effectively increasing income.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the cultivation method of water caltrops in winter and spring comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a seed variety: selecting mature water caltrops;
step two, seedling culture:
A. manufacturing a seedbed: 5-7 days before sowing, building a double-layer greenhouse or a three-layer greenhouse with the width of 6-7 meters, determining the length according to the terrain, building a seedling raising pool in the greenhouse, raising the periphery of the pool to a ridge surface, keeping a water layer on the ridge surface, and sealing the greenhouse for heating;
B. seed treatment: 5-7 days before sowing, adding 500g of quicklime and 50 g of carbendazim into 50kg of water, soaking the seeds in the obtained solution for 1-2 days, and then cleaning the seeds for 2-3 times by using clear water to remove impurities on the surfaces of the seeds;
C. accelerating germination: transferring the treated seeds into a greenhouse, spreading on the surface of the furrow to ensure that the seeds are not overlapped, ensuring that a water layer with the depth of more than 5cm exists, keeping the water temperature at 10-20 ℃, and periodically changing water; when the illumination is less than 8 hours, manual light supplement is needed; when the bud heads reach 3-4cm, the buds can be sorted out in batches and cultivated in a greenhouse, and the buds are sorted once every 5 days.
Step three, transplanting:
A. preparing a transplanting greenhouse: the transplanting greenhouse land block requires smooth land, has higher soil fertility and stronger water and fertilizer retention capacity, and has a good irrigation and drainage system; ridges are formed around the greenhouse, and the height of each ridge is 0.5 m; applying base fertilizer 10 days before transplanting, and ploughing and harrowing after applying the base fertilizer; storing water 7 days before transplanting, and keeping a shallow water layer for 15-20 cm; after irrigation, the greenhouse is sealed, and the temperature of the greenhouse is increased;
B. transplanting: transplanting with two hearts and one leaf, wherein the transplanting time is before and after spring, a certain row spacing and plant spacing are kept, and the planting density is 2500 plants per mu;
step four, field management:
A. temperature management: keeping the shed closed within 7 days after transplanting, and raising the temperature for seedling revival; after the seedling recovering period, gradually prolonging the ventilation time and increasing the ventilation quantity; the highest temperature in the white ceiling cannot exceed 32 ℃, and the lowest temperature cannot be lower than 28 ℃; the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-20 ℃ at night and cannot be lower than 15 ℃; the ventilation time can be prolonged in the daytime, and the shed is closed and the temperature is kept at night; in the later stage of growth of water caltrops, the temperature of the greenhouse needs to be kept above 20 ℃; after 6 months, the temperature rises again, and the greenhouse film is gradually removed; after 10 ten days, the temperature drops and the greenhouse film is covered in time;
B. water layer management: in the early stage of transplanting, a shallow water layer is preferably used, and the water depth is not more than 30 cm; for 5-6 months, the depth of the water layer is kept at 20-30cm, for 7-8 months, the depth of the water layer is kept at 30-40cm, for 9-10 months, and the depth of the water layer is kept at 20-30 cm;
C. fertilization management: fertilizing after half month of transplanting.
Step five, harvesting: can be harvested in 4 months and can be continued until 11 months.
Further, the water caltrops in the first step are water caltrops in May.
Furthermore, in the second step A, the width of the seedling raising pond is 2.5-5.5 meters, the periphery of the pond is 30-50cm higher than the ridge surface, and the ridge surface keeps 5-10cm of a water layer.
Further, in step two B, 100kg of seeds were soaked with the resulting solution.
Further, the regular water change in the second step C is specifically: changing water every 3 days at 20 deg.C, and changing water every 5-7 days at 10 deg.C.
Furthermore, in the third step A, the ridge is 0.5 m high, and the base fertilizer application specifically comprises the following steps: 15 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer or 1200 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hectare.
Further, in step three B, the row spacing and the plant spacing are 40 x 40 cm.
Further, 5-7kg of urea is applied per mu during the fertilization in the fourth step C.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by the method for cultivating and promoting the early ripening of the water caltrops in the winter and spring protected land, the seedling raising time of the water caltrops can be advanced by about 2 months, the rate of emergence reaches 98%, transplanting and harvesting can be advanced by about 2 months through greenhouse facility cultivation, and the yield is obviously increased. The technical problems of germination acceleration, rooting and leaf growing of the water caltrops in winter and spring are effectively solved, and the early maturing cultivation of the early spring protected land is realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims, as may be amended by those skilled in the art upon reading the present invention.
The invention provides a method for cultivating water chestnuts in winter and spring, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a seed variety: selecting mature water caltrops;
step two, seedling culture:
A. manufacturing a seedbed: 5-7 days before sowing, building a double-layer greenhouse or a three-layer greenhouse with the width of 6-7 meters, determining the length according to the terrain, building a seedling raising pool in the greenhouse, raising the periphery of the pool to a ridge surface, keeping a water layer on the ridge surface, and sealing the greenhouse for heating;
B. seed treatment: 5-7 days before sowing, adding 500g of quicklime and 50 g of carbendazim into 50kg of water, soaking the seeds in the obtained solution for 1-2 days, and then cleaning the seeds for 2-3 times by using clear water to remove impurities on the surfaces of the seeds;
C. accelerating germination: transferring the treated seeds into a greenhouse, spreading on the surface of the furrow to ensure that the seeds are not overlapped, ensuring that a water layer with the depth of more than 5cm exists, keeping the water temperature at 10-20 ℃, and periodically changing water; when the illumination is less than 8 hours, manual light supplement is needed; when the bud heads reach 3-4cm, the buds can be sorted out in batches and cultivated in a greenhouse, and the buds are sorted once every 5 days.
Step three, transplanting:
A. preparing a transplanting greenhouse: the transplanting greenhouse land block requires smooth land, has higher soil fertility and stronger water and fertilizer retention capacity, and has a good irrigation and drainage system; ridges are formed around the greenhouse, and the height of each ridge is 0.5 m; applying base fertilizer 10 days before transplanting, and ploughing and harrowing after applying the base fertilizer; storing water 7 days before transplanting, and keeping a shallow water layer for 15-20 cm; after irrigation, the greenhouse is sealed, and the temperature of the greenhouse is increased;
B. transplanting: transplanting with two hearts and one leaf, wherein the transplanting time is before and after spring, a certain row spacing and plant spacing are kept, and the planting density is 2500 plants per mu;
step four, field management:
A. temperature management: keeping the shed closed within 7 days after transplanting, and raising the temperature for seedling revival; after the seedling recovering period, gradually prolonging the ventilation time and increasing the ventilation quantity; the highest temperature in the white ceiling cannot exceed 32 ℃, and the lowest temperature cannot be lower than 28 ℃; the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-20 ℃ at night and cannot be lower than 15 ℃; the ventilation time can be prolonged in the daytime, and the shed is closed and the temperature is kept at night; in the later stage of growth of water caltrops, the temperature of the greenhouse needs to be kept above 20 ℃; after 6 months, the temperature rises again, and the greenhouse film is gradually removed; after 10 ten days, the temperature drops and the greenhouse film is covered in time;
B. water layer management: in the early stage of transplanting, a shallow water layer is preferably used, and the water depth is not more than 30 cm; for 5-6 months, the depth of the water layer is kept at 20-30cm, for 7-8 months, the depth of the water layer is kept at 30-40cm, for 9-10 months, and the depth of the water layer is kept at 20-30 cm;
C. fertilization management: fertilizing after half month of transplanting.
Step five, harvesting: can be harvested in 4 months and can be continued until 11 months.
In one embodiment, the water caltrops in the first step are water caltrops.
In one embodiment, the width of the seedling raising pond in the second step A is 2.5-5.5 meters, the periphery of the pond is 30-50cm higher than the ridge surface, and the ridge surface keeps 5-10cm of the water layer.
In one embodiment, 100kg of seeds are soaked with the resulting solution in step two B.
In one embodiment, the periodic water change in the second step C is specifically: changing water every 3 days at 20 deg.C, and changing water every 5-7 days at 10 deg.C.
In one embodiment, in the third step a, the ridge is 0.5 m high, and the base fertilizer application specifically comprises: 15 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer or 1200 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hectare.
In one embodiment, the row spacing and the plant spacing in step three B is 40 x 40 cm.
In one embodiment, 5-7kg urea per acre is applied at the time of said applying in step four C.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to an embodiment.
Example 1
1. Variety selection
Seed selection: selecting mature Laocattleya (May water chestnut).
2. Seedling raising
2.1 seedbed preparation
5-7 days before sowing, building a double-layer greenhouse or a three-layer greenhouse with the width of 6-7 m, determining the length according to the terrain, building a seedling raising pool with the width of 2.5-5.5 m in the greenhouse, wherein the periphery of the pool is 30-50cm higher than the ridge surface, keeping the water layer at 5-10cm above the ridge surface, and sealing the greenhouse for heating.
2.2 seed treatment
5-7 days before sowing, generally about 11 months and 20 days, adding 1 jin of quicklime into 20 jin of water, soaking the seeds in carbendazim for about 1-2 days, and then cleaning the seeds for 2-3 times by using clear water to remove impurities on the surfaces of the seeds.
2.3 pregermination
Transferring the treated seeds into a greenhouse, spreading on the surface of the furrow to ensure that the seeds are not overlapped, ensuring that a water layer with the length of more than 5cm is arranged, keeping the water temperature at 10-20 ℃, changing water every 3 days at 20 ℃, and changing water every 5-7 days at 10 ℃. When the illumination is less than 8 hours, artificial light supplement is needed. The bud heads reach 3-4cm after 20 days, and the bud heads can be sorted out in batches and sorted once every 5 days until the bud heads are cultivated in a greenhouse.
3. Transplanting
3.1 preparation of transplanting greenhouse
The transplanting greenhouse land block requires smooth land, has higher soil fertility and stronger water and fertilizer retention capacity, and has a good irrigation and drainage system. And forming ridges around the greenhouse, wherein the ridges are 0.5 m high. And (3) applying a base fertilizer 10 days before transplanting, generally applying 15 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer or 1200 kilograms of compound fertilizer per hectare, and ploughing and harrowing after applying the base fertilizer. And (4) beginning to store water 7 days before transplanting, and keeping a shallow water layer for 15-20 cm. After irrigation, the greenhouse is sealed, and the temperature of the greenhouse is increased.
3.2 transplantation
The transplanting time is about 2 months earlier than that of the conventional transplanting before or after the beginning of spring (2 months and 3 days). The root system is rarely damaged when the seedlings are lifted, and the row spacing is 40cm by 40 cm. The planting density is 2500 plants per mu.
4 field management
4.1 temperature management
Keeping the shed closed within 7 days after transplanting, and raising the temperature to slow the seedlings. After the seedling recovering period, the ventilation time is gradually prolonged, and the ventilation quantity is increased. The highest temperature in the white ceiling cannot exceed 32 ℃, and the lowest temperature cannot be lower than 28 ℃; the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-20 ℃ at night and cannot be lower than 15 ℃. The ventilation time can be prolonged in the daytime, and the shed is closed at night for heat preservation. Along with the increase of the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the shed, the ventilation time and the ventilation strength are gradually reduced. And in the later growth stage of the water caltrops, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept above 20 ℃. After 6 months, the temperature rises and the greenhouse film is gradually removed. After 10 months, the temperature drops and the greenhouse film is covered in time. The temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the shed is small, the ventilation time can be prolonged in the daytime, and the shed is closed at night for heat preservation. Along with the increase of the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the shed, the ventilation time and the ventilation strength are gradually reduced.
4.2 Water layer management
Generally, a shallow water layer is suitable for the early stage of transplanting, and the water depth is not more than 30 cm. The water layer depth is maintained at 20-30cm for 5-6 months, at 7-8 months, at 30-40cm for 9-10 months, at 20-30 cm.
4.3 fertilizing management, fertilizing after half month of transplanting, 5-7kg of urea per mu.
5 harvesting
Can be harvested in 4 months and can be continued until 11 months. 2-3 and half months earlier than the conventional harvest.
The conventional cultivation mode was compared with the cultivation method of the present invention as shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 comparison of production conditions for various planting modes
As can be seen from the above table, the seedling raising time of the cultivation method can be advanced by about 2 months, the rate of emergence can reach 98%, and the seedling raising time, the transplanting time and the harvesting time are advanced by about 2 months through greenhouse facility cultivation. The yield is obviously increased.
The planting efficiency of the conventional cultivation mode and the cultivation method of the invention is compared, and is shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 comparison of benefits for different planting patterns
As can be seen from the above table, the water chestnut cultivation method of the invention can significantly increase the benefit.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The cultivation method of water caltrops in winter and spring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a seed variety: selecting mature water caltrops;
step two, seedling culture:
A. manufacturing a seedbed: 5-7 days before sowing, building a double-layer greenhouse or a three-layer greenhouse with the width of 6-7 meters, determining the length according to the terrain, building a seedling raising pool in the greenhouse, raising the periphery of the pool to a ridge surface, keeping a water layer on the ridge surface, and sealing the greenhouse for heating;
B. seed treatment: 5-7 days before sowing, adding 500g of quicklime and 50 g of carbendazim into 50kg of water, soaking the seeds in the obtained solution for 1-2 days, and then cleaning the seeds for 2-3 times by using clear water to remove impurities on the surfaces of the seeds;
C. accelerating germination: transferring the treated seeds into a greenhouse, spreading on the surface of the furrow to ensure that the seeds are not overlapped, ensuring that a water layer with the depth of more than 5cm exists, keeping the water temperature at 10-20 ℃, and periodically changing water; when the illumination is less than 8 hours, manual light supplement is needed; sorting out the buds in batches when the bud heads reach 3-4cm, and sorting once every 5 days until the buds are cultivated in a greenhouse;
step three, transplanting:
A. preparing a transplanting greenhouse: the transplanting greenhouse land block requires smooth land, has higher soil fertility and stronger water and fertilizer retention capacity, and has a good irrigation and drainage system; ridges are formed around the greenhouse, and the height of each ridge is 0.5 m; applying base fertilizer 10 days before transplanting, and ploughing and harrowing after applying the base fertilizer; storing water 7 days before transplanting, and keeping a shallow water layer for 15-20 cm; after irrigation, the greenhouse is sealed, and the temperature of the greenhouse is increased;
B. transplanting: transplanting with two hearts and one leaf, wherein the transplanting time is before and after spring, a certain row spacing and plant spacing are kept, and the planting density is 2500 plants per mu;
step four, field management:
A. temperature management: keeping the shed closed within 7 days after transplanting, and raising the temperature for seedling revival; after the seedling recovering period, gradually prolonging the ventilation time and increasing the ventilation quantity; the highest temperature in the white ceiling cannot exceed 32 ℃, and the lowest temperature cannot be lower than 28 ℃; the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 18-20 ℃ at night and cannot be lower than 15 ℃; the ventilation time can be prolonged in the daytime, and the shed is closed and the temperature is kept at night; in the later stage of growth of water caltrops, the temperature of the greenhouse needs to be kept above 20 ℃; after 6 months, the temperature rises again, and the greenhouse film is gradually removed; after 10 ten days, the temperature drops and the greenhouse film is covered in time;
B. water layer management: in the early stage of transplanting, a shallow water layer is preferably used, and the water depth is not more than 30 cm; for 5-6 months, the depth of the water layer is kept at 20-30cm, for 7-8 months, the depth of the water layer is kept at 30-40cm, for 9-10 months, and the depth of the water layer is kept at 20-30 cm;
C. fertilization management: fertilizing after half month of transplanting.
Step five, harvesting: can be harvested in 4 months and can be continued until 11 months.
2. The cultivation method of water caltrops in winter and spring according to claim 1, wherein the water caltrops in the first step are water caltrops in May.
3. The method for cultivating water chestnuts in winter and spring according to claim 1, wherein in the second step A, the width of the seedling raising pond is 2.5-5.5 meters, the periphery of the pond is 30-50cm higher than the ridge surface, and the ridge surface keeps a water layer for 5-10 cm.
4. The method for cultivating water chestnuts in winter and spring according to claim 1, wherein 100kg of seeds are soaked with the obtained solution in the second step B.
5. The water chestnut winter and spring cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the regular water changing in the second step C is specifically as follows: changing water every 3 days at 20 deg.C, and changing water every 5-7 days at 10 deg.C.
6. The cultivation method of water chestnuts in winter and spring according to claim 1, wherein in the third step A, the ridges are 0.5 m high, and the base fertilizer application specifically comprises the following steps: 15 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer or 1200 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hectare.
7. The method for cultivating water chestnuts in winter and spring according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing in step three B are 40 x 40 cm.
8. The cultivation method of water caltrops in winter and spring according to claim 1, wherein 5-7kg of urea is applied to each mu during fertilization in the step four C.
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CN114532162A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-05-27 | 苏州水淹禾康农业科技有限公司 | Green ecological cycle production method for agricultural industry |
CN114793803A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-07-29 | 嘉兴市农业科学研究院 | Labor-saving and early-maturing cultivation method for Trapa acornis nakai and supporting facilities thereof |
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CN103960017A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-06 | 吴江市同里镇生元水八仙蔬菜专业合作社 | Water chestnut cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114532162A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-05-27 | 苏州水淹禾康农业科技有限公司 | Green ecological cycle production method for agricultural industry |
CN114793803A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-07-29 | 嘉兴市农业科学研究院 | Labor-saving and early-maturing cultivation method for Trapa acornis nakai and supporting facilities thereof |
CN114793803B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-03-01 | 嘉兴市农业科学研究院 | Labor-saving and early-maturing cultivation method and supporting facilities for Hongming Mirabilitum in south lake |
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Application publication date: 20200605 |