CN111802217A

CN111802217A - Seedling transplanting matrix

Info

Publication number: CN111802217A
Application number: CN202010576869.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许亮亮; 孙晨曦; 左振朋; 陈雪; 赵金华; 冯锡鸿
Original assignee: Shandong Tianyuanyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Tianyuanyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-23
Filing date: 2020-06-23
Publication date: 2020-10-23

Abstract

The invention provides a seedling transplanting substrate, and belongs to the technical field of cash crop production. Specifically, the substrate raw materials comprise sheep manure, cow manure, agaricus bisporus fungus residues, needle mushroom fungus residues and crop straws, the high-temperature fermentation is carried out through a high-temperature actinomycete fermentation microbial inoculum, the aging is carried out, and the bacillus subtilis is added after the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃. The matrix provided by the invention is rich in nutrient components, can effectively improve the survival rate of the transplanted crop seedlings, can relieve the sense of transformation problem in the continuous cropping soil to a certain extent, and has important significance for planting high-economic additional crops.

Description

Seedling transplanting matrix

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seedling transplanting substrate, in particular to a plug seedling transplanting substrate, and belongs to the technical field of cash crop production.

Background

The transplanting matrix appears in the tissue culture seedlings at the earliest time, the seedlings in sterile bottles are transplanted in the hole trays and serve as a medium for the tissue culture seedlings to excessively reach the natural environment, and the self-growing environment is greatly different before and after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted, particularly the soil aspect, and the transplanting matrix is particularly expressed in the aspects of soil fertility, water retention, microbial diseases and the like.

The soil fertility of domestic soil is reduced along with the increase of the planting age of crops, and continuous cropping obstacles are catastrophic on many crops. Meanwhile, with the use of chemical fertilizers, the content of organic matters in soil is reduced, and the microbial structure of the soil is more and more unfavorable for the growth of crops. Especially, in facility agriculture, the investment cost of facilities is relatively high, and the pursuit of yield causes the destructiveness of soil in the facilities.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tissue culture seedling transplanting substrate, aiming at the transitional period of tissue culture seedling transplanting.

The tissue culture seedling transplanting matrix comprises an organic waste fermentation product, and the specific preparation method of the organic waste fermentation product comprises the following steps:

15-20 parts of sheep manure, 15-20 parts of cow manure, 40-70 parts of mushroom dregs, 10-20 parts of crop straws and 0.8-1.5 wt% of zymophyte agent, and the organic waste fermentation product is obtained after uniform mixing, fermentation and aging.

Wherein the fermentation bacteria agent is a high-temperature fermentation bacteria agent, in particular to high-temperature actinomycetes.

Wherein, the specific steps of fermentation and aging are as follows: making the fermentation raw material into strips, wherein the bottom width is 2 meters, the height is 1.5 meters, the length of the strips is not less than 5 meters, the fermentation temperature is above 75 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the pile turning is carried out once in 3-5 days, the temperature of a position 30cm below the surface of a pile body is maintained to be not less than 55 ℃, and the large pile is piled up after 30 days and aged for 20 days.

Wherein the organic waste fermentation product is cooled to below 40 ℃, and bacillus subtilis is added, and the addition amount is 2kg/m³(ii) a And (4) uniformly mixing.

Wherein, the matrix also comprises northeast grass carbon, perlite and coconut coir/wood fiber coconut coir.

The specific formula of the matrix for transplanting the saplings is as follows: 30-50 parts of organic waste fermentation product, 20-30 parts of northeast grass carbon, 10-20 parts of perlite and 10-20 parts of coconut coir or wood fiber coconut coir.

Wherein the specific formula of the medium for transplanting melon seedlings is as follows: 20-30 parts of organic waste leavening, 30-40 parts of northeast grass carbon, 10-30 parts of perlite and 10-20 parts of coconut coir or wood fiber coconut coir.

The specific formula for transplanting the vegetable seedlings by the matrix is as follows: 15-25 parts of organic waste fermentation materials, 30-45 parts of northeast grass carbon, 20-30 parts of perlite and 10-20 parts of vermiculite.

Most of substrates in the prior art are fermented at high temperature and inactivated, are only rich in a large amount of nutrient substances, promote plant growth, and are beneficial to breeding of harmful microorganisms (particularly under the condition of continuous cropping, the soil environment is single, and harmful bacteria are accumulated). The biological matrix provided by the invention is 'living': after the high-temperature actinomycetes are fermented, a non-mixed bacteria matrix is obtained, after the temperature is reduced to normal temperature, the high-temperature actinomycetes are inactivated, and the bacillus subtilis is added, so that a living biological matrix which is only rich in a large amount of active bacillus subtilis is obtained, and the living biological matrix has an antagonistic effect on harmful microorganisms in original soil.

More, aiming at rotation of soil, the tissue culture seedling transplanting substrate provided by the invention can effectively aim at allelopathy generated in the rotation process, and the bacillus subtilis is attached to the root system of the seedling in the seedling rooting period, so that the absorption of harmful substances in continuous cropping soil by the root system of the seedling is reduced, and the self-toxicity is relieved to a great extent.

In addition, the soil surface layer is hardened caused by modern inorganic fertilizers, so that the soil does not eat fertilizers, absorb water and retain water. The invention can greatly relieve, provide nutrients needed in a short period, promote the vigorous growth of the roots of the seedlings, absorb soil nutrients in deeper and larger areas, and improve the soil environment adaptability of the seedlings or crops.

The invention has the beneficial effects

(1) The survival rate of the tissue culture seedling transplantation is increased and is used as a transition substrate in natural environment soil for the tissue culture seedling transplantation, and the transplantation substrate provided by the invention can quickly promote the growth condition of the root system of the tissue culture seedling and increase the stress resistance of the tissue culture seedling;

(2) the cost is low, and organic waste (mushroom dregs and excrement) of agriculture and animal husbandry is adopted;

(3) the special agricultural crop rotation design aims at effectively aiming at soil hardening caused by excessive fertilization in planting and allelopathy in the crop rotation process.

Detailed Description

The organic waste fermentation product is prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of cow manure, 25 parts of agaricus bisporus fungus residues, 25 parts of needle mushroom fungus residues, 20 parts of crop straws and 1.5wt% of high-temperature actinomycete fermentation microbial inoculum, fermenting and aging.

Making the fermentation raw material into strips, wherein the bottom width is 2 meters, the height is 1.5 meters, the length of the strips is not less than 5 meters, the fermentation temperature is above 75 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the pile turning is carried out once in 3-5 days, the temperature of a position 30cm below the surface of a pile body is maintained to be not less than 55 ℃, and the large pile is piled up after 30 days and aged for 20 days.

The addition amount of Bacillus subtilis is 2kg/m³And mixing uniformly.

Preparing a melon seedling transplanting matrix: 30 parts of organic waste leavening, 30 parts of northeast turf, 10 parts of perlite and 10 parts of coconut coir.

And (4) continuously planting hole disk fruit cucumber seedlings in a greenhouse for 9 months, and growing seedlings in 25 days in the seedling stage. The average height of 10 random plants is 13.2 cm. Digging a planting hole when cucumber seedlings are planted, using a melon seedling transplanting matrix, planting all T1 seedlings in the hole by using the transplanting matrix, only laying a layer of transplanting matrix at the bottom of each T2 seedling, and planting the T3578 seedlings without using the transplanting matrix. And (5) performing field survey and recording 20 days after planting.

Comparative example 1

Matrix A:

conventional compost fermentation and high-temperature sterilization are adopted to replace high-temperature actinomycetes for high-temperature fermentation, and other steps are the same as those in example 1.

Matrix B:

replacing Bacillus subtilis with phosphate solubilizing bacteria andpotassium-dissolving bacteria with dosage of 1 × 10⁶Per cm³The other steps are the same as in example 1.

Matrix C:

the procedure of example 1 was followed except that Bacillus subtilis was not added.

Still preparing the melon seedling transplanting matrix: 30 parts of organic waste leavening, 30 parts of northeast turf, 10 parts of perlite and 10 parts of coconut coir.

And (4) continuously planting hole disk fruit cucumber seedlings in a greenhouse for 9 months, and growing seedlings in 25 days in the seedling stage. The average height of 10 random plants is 13.2 cm. Selecting two-year soil for continuous cropping of fruit cucumbers, matching with different matrixes, digging planting holes when cucumber seedlings are planted, using the matrix for continuous cropping of the cucumber seedlings, transplanting the matrix, and completely planting the holes by using the transplanting matrix.

Claims

1. A seedling transplanting substrate is characterized by comprising an organic waste fermentation product, and the specific preparation method of the organic waste fermentation product comprises the following steps: preparing 15-20 parts of sheep manure, 15-20 parts of cow manure, 40-70 parts of mushroom dregs, 10-20 parts of crop straws and 0.8-1.5 wt% of a fermentation microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, fermenting and aging to obtain an organic waste fermentation product.

2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculum is a thermophilic fermentation inoculum, in particular a thermophilic actinomycete.

3. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the fermentation and aging steps are as follows: making the fermentation raw material into strips, wherein the bottom width is 2 meters, the height is 1.5 meters, the length of the strips is not less than 5 meters, the fermentation temperature is above 75 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the pile turning is carried out once in 3-5 days, the temperature of a position 30cm below the surface of a pile body is maintained to be not less than 55 ℃, and the large pile is piled up after 30 days and aged for 20 days.

4. The matrix of claim 1, wherein said matrix is selected from the group consisting ofCooling the organic waste fermentation product to below 40 ℃, adding bacillus subtilis with the addition amount of 2kg/m³(ii) a And (4) uniformly mixing.

5. The substrate of claim 1, wherein said substrate further comprises northeast peat, perlite, coconut coir/wood coir.

6. The matrix of claim 1, wherein the specific formula of the matrix for transplanting the seedlings is as follows: 30-50 parts of organic waste fermentation product, 20-30 parts of northeast grass carbon, 10-20 parts of perlite and 10-20 parts of coconut coir or wood fiber coconut coir.

7. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the specific formula for transplanting the melon seedlings by the substrate is as follows: 20-30 parts of organic waste leavening, 30-40 parts of northeast grass carbon, 10-30 parts of perlite and 10-20 parts of coconut coir or wood fiber coconut coir.

8. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the specific formula of the substrate for transplanting the vegetable seedlings is as follows: 15-25 parts of organic waste fermentation materials, 30-45 parts of northeast grass carbon, 20-30 parts of perlite and 10-20 parts of vermiculite.