RU2118484C1 - Licorice roots extraction method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, extraction of roots of plants multiplied by vegetative propagation. SUBSTANCE: method involves underdigging and extracting certified licorice root fractions by 1-3 m width strips; providing licorice reservations with natural herbage between harvested strips; prior to root harvesting, removing plant roots and blackheads from mentioned strips by rotation of soil layer to 3-6 cm depth; upon harvesting of extracted roots, sowing natural grass mixtures, preferably cereals, with seeding norm of 20-25 kg/hectare (10,6•10⁶-11,7•10⁶ pc/hectare) for 1.5-2.5 cm depth. EFFECT: reduced regeneration and fruit-bearing time of natural licorice brushwood. 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for extracting plant roots, used mainly when harvesting vegetatively propagated crops, for example licorice.

 There is a method of harvesting licorice, which consists in separately cleaning the aerial parts of plants with reaping machines and the underground parts of plants, in which a furrow is made with a planting plow to a depth of industrial rooting (50-60 cm). In this case, the formation is wrapped so that the stubble and the upper part of the root - Karabash, are in the lower layers of the plowed formation, and the root-containing layer is on the surface. After that, the workers, using hand tools, cut the roots from the Karabash, extract them and put them in a pile for drying on the cultivated part of the field. Next, make the second pass with a plow, wrap the formation in the previous furrow with a similar selection of roots manually (Nadezhdina T.N. Instructions for the collection, primary processing and drying of licorice root. Approved by the Commission on instructions 16.05.1967, protocol N 11 // Book: Resources of wild-growing medicinal plants of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka, 1968).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method include the fact that in the conditions of the Lower Volga region, wild licorice thickets completely die due to an acute shortage of moisture reserves. The top layer of the soil after processing the field (meadows, floodplains) with the planting plows PPN-60A (PTN-3-40A) is destroyed into lumps that do not contain plant residues that bind the soil. In the zone of licorice (licorice) growth, such a layer quickly dries up, and therefore the method negatively affects the subsequent natural renewal of licorice thickets. This method of harvesting licorice roots for a long time has led to a significant reduction in licorice reserves in wild form. Inverted soil layers in the conditions of the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov regions and the Republic of Kalmykia became the main sources of "black" storms.

 The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed object in terms of features is a method of harvesting plant roots, containing trimming the upper part of the roots, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the earth (Sattarov A.S., Nasyrov Z.N. and Yakimenko V.V. Installation for combing rhizome weeds // Tractors and agricultural machines, 1989, N 7, S. 36-38).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method adopted for the prototype include the rapid desiccation of the soil layer. Undermined layer, destroyed into small lumps, is left in the upper horizon of the soil. In this regard, the method cannot be applied to the harvesting of licorice roots, since the quickly drained topsoil does not provide enough moisture for the germination of shoots from the roots left for renewal and fruiting of the plantation. In addition, this soil layer is easily subjected to wind erosion.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the time of renewal and fruiting of natural licorice thickets.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is the elimination of wind erosion of the soil and the repeated resumption of licorice root production after three to four years instead of 7-8 years with known harvesting methods.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, including cutting and grinding ground parts, digging and extracting their conditioned fractions from the ground, digging and extracting the conditioned fractions of licorice roots are carried out in stripes of 1-3 m wide , and between the cleaned ones create licorice reservations with natural grass stand, while before harvesting in the said strips the roots of the plants and Karabash are removed by milling the soil layer with stubble to a depth of 3-6 cm, and after harvesting the roots of the extracted natural mixtures carried sowing, mainly cereal with a seeding rate of 20-25 kg / ha (10,6 • June ¹⁰ - 11,7 • June ¹⁰ pcs / ha) to the depth 1.5-2.5 CM.

 The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify compliance of the claimed invention with the requirement of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art, since the level of technology defined by the applicant, it is not revealed the impact provided by the essential features of the claimed invention transformed tion to achieve a technical result.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings.

 Figure 1 shows a diagram illustrating a method of extracting licorice roots and laying the reservation of natural thickets.

 Figure 2 - machine for harvesting licorice roots, side view.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

 Before starting the extraction of the roots, the boundaries of the licorice pegs are determined. The gradients of licorice thickets are determined in each junction with two or three milestones 1.5–2.5 m high. In Fig. 1, the gradients of licorice thickets are indicated by vectors 1. In each peck, the size of the border of 2 pegs is determined by partial annual shoots. Next, in the column, the main age zones of rooting are determined. In zone 3, determined by the annual rings, the thickest, as a rule, maternal roots are located, whose age reaches from 7 to 25 years. In zone 3, the height of vegetative shoots is the smallest. In subzone 4 there are horizontal roots and rhizomes at the age of 3-7 years. In group 5, licorice horses grow from 1 to 3 years old.

 After that, taking into account the scope of work, the main direction for the extraction of licorice roots is determined. The direction of licorice extraction is set in such a way that in the zone of root-extracting machines there is the greatest number of zones 3 with maternal roots over 7 years old.

 Mechanized strip extraction of roots is carried out in the following sequence. Self-propelled forage harvesters E-301 (E-302) mow and simultaneously grind aboveground stems with a cutting length of 0.5-1.5 cm. Cutting is distributed on the surface of the beveled strip 6. The height of the remaining stubble of wild thickets and licorice does not exceed 5-6 cm Then, to destroy stubble and grass roots in bands 6 in the licorice-cereal association, as well as licorice karabash, they are milled with a mounted mill ФН-2,0, in aggregate with an MTZ-80 tractor. The milling depth within 3-6 cm is set by the pneumatic support wheels of the mounted milling machine. The machine’s capture width is 2.0 m. The strips 6 are separated from each other by zones 7, which remain reservations for the conservation and restoration of licorice natural thickets. The table shows the width of the reservation zone from 0.5 to 3.0 m. The lower limit of the width of the reservation zone 7 is adopted from the gauge conditions for energy vehicles of traction class 3, and the upper limit of 3.0 m is adopted based on the outline of the most energy-saturated vehicle used in extraction of licorice roots. The width of the treated strip by the mowers and the milling machine is a multiple of the width of the grip of the machine to extract and clean licorice roots.

 Following the wheeled tractor with a mounted cutter, a machine for extracting licorice roots moves (see Fig. 2). The machine consists of a frame 8, brackets 9 and 10 of the hitch, supporting wheels 11, a cutting knife 12, the extracting ribs 13, the cleaning rotor 14. The cleaning rotor 14 is equipped with a drive received from the driveshaft 15, bevel gear 16 and intermediate gears. The cleaning rotor 14 is mounted on an additional frame 17. The additional frame 17 is pivotally connected to the main frame 1 and is provided with a hydraulic drive 18 for raising and lowering. On the additional frame 17 posted by a shield 19.

 The machine provides digging of the root-containing layer to a depth of 60 cm and a width of 1.1 m and feeding it to the extracting ribs 13. A soil layer with conditioned licorice roots is intensively formed, part of the soil immediately wakes up to the bottom of the ditch. The cleaning rotor 14 intensively affects the layer of soil with roots. The roots are peeled and thrown onto the surface of the ditch. The machine is mounted on a caterpillar tractor of draft class 3. The rotational speed of the propeller shaft 15 is 540 rpm. The frequency of rotation of the cleaning rotor 14 - 320 rpm The diameter of the rotor 14 is 0.62 m. In the strip 1.1 m wide, there is a fine-grained soil with a natural occurrence of horizons.

 The extracted licorice roots on the surface of the strip within three to five days reduce their moisture content to 12-14%. The dried roots in strips 6 are cleaned mechanically - an aggregate that includes an MTZ-80 wheeled tractor and an attached device for collecting and transporting licorice roots of the VNIIOZ design. During the drying of licorice roots, the soil in strips 6 could not be a center for the manifestation of erosion processes. After collecting the roots from the surface of the strip, multicomponent grass mixtures are sown with the SN-16PM seeder in an aggregate with a wheeled tractor. A seeder with a working width of up to 2.0 m can simultaneously sow up to 13 components of various herbs. The sowing depth is 2 cm. The sowing rate of cereal grasses is 20-25 kg / ha, and of legumes 5-6 kg / ha. After sowing, the surface of the strip 6 is rolled preferably ZKK-6A ring-spur roller.

 We give for comparison the basic technology of root extraction, including plowing by the planting plow PPN-6-A in aggregate with a class 3 tractor (DT-75M), manual harvesting of the roots by a team of 8-10 people, rolling the surface of the plowed strip with heavy rollers. On the remaining surface of the harvested strip from under the PPN-60A plow, it is impossible to sow grasses with disk seeders. After rolling on the surface of the strip is up to 20 ... 28% of erosion-hazardous soil particles. Under favorable weather conditions after harvesting, excluding the drying of the plowed layer (autumn rains, warm winters, good natural soil compaction), wild licorice thickets can restore their initial reserves not earlier than 8 years.

 The table shows the results of the extracted stocks of licorice roots with different widths of the treated strips and reservation zones between them, the amount of erosion-hazardous particles at the time of sowing and the period of restoration of natural reserves.

 The proposed method for the extraction of licorice roots ensures the preservation of the natural grass mixture of the upper sod layer on the soil surface, achieved by sowing grasses on the strip surface, as well as the development of savage roots from the reservation zone, which prevents soil erosion, and also improves the conditions for restoration of licorice plantation by creating loose well-cultivated soil horizons to a depth of 60 cm with the preservation of moisture in the area of the mother and rope roots, rhizomes, and also Karabash in reserves.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (1)

A method of extracting licorice roots, including cutting and grinding of aboveground parts, digging and extracting the conditioned fraction from the earth, characterized in that feeding and extracting the conditioned fractions of licorice roots is carried out in 1-3 m wide strips, and licorice reservations with natural grass stand are created between the removed strips, in this case, before harvesting the licorice roots in the said strips, the roots of the plants and Karabash are removed by milling the soil layer to a depth of 3-6 cm, and after harvesting the extracted roots, sowing is carried out naturally x mixtures, preferably with cereal seed rate of 20-25 kg / ha (10,6 • -11,7 • June ¹⁰ June ¹⁰ pcs / ha) at a depth of 1.5-2.5 cm.

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