RU2116023C1 - Plant root harvesting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pharmaceutics, in particular, harvesting roots of plant, such as licorice. SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting top part of roots; undercutting and extracting quality standard fractions of roots from soil. Top parts of roots are cut by rotation of top soil layer strip combined with continuous penetration into soil to 5-6 cm depth. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of extracted licorice roots.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for harvesting plant roots, for example licorice.

 There is a method of harvesting licorice, which consists in separately cleaning the aerial parts of plants with reaping machines and the underground parts of plants, in which a furrow is made with a planting plow to the depth of the industrial roots (50-60 cm). At the same time, the formation is wrapped so that the stubble and the upper part — the karabash — are in the lower layers of the plowed formation, and the root-containing layer is on the surface. After that, the workers, using hand tools, cut off the roots from the Karabash, extract them and put them in a pile for drying on the treated part of the field. Next, make the second pass with a plow, wrapping the reservoir in the previous furrow with a similar selection of roots manually [1].

 The disadvantage of this method is the high labor costs for obtaining conditioned licorice roots associated with pruning Karabash, vegetative and partial branches from maternal roots, horizontal roots and rhizomes. The remains of the stems reduce the commodity value of raw materials, especially when harvesting large quantities for export.

 There is also known a method of harvesting plant roots, comprising trimming the upper part of the roots, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the ground [2].

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method include the high cost of manual labor on the partition of the roots.

 The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed object of the totality of signs is the method of harvesting the roots of Ratsenia, mainly licorice, containing pruning the upper part of the roots, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the ground, in which, in order to prevent wind erosion and draining the soil, the upper part of the roots is trimmed by removing the surface layer of the earth, which is moved without wrapping on the harvested part of the field [3]. This method is adopted as a prototype.

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method adopted for the prototype include low productivity and high energy costs associated with the removal of the surface layer along with the roots of the plants and Karabash. To resume the natural thickets of licorice by moving the Karabash, it is required to shift the soil layer 18-25 cm thick. Together with the soil layer, 18 to 33% of the licorice commodity roots are lost when moving. A technical contradiction arises: in order to obtain conditioned roots, soil cover with a thickness of only 5-6 cm should be removed from the surface, and a soil layer of 18-25 cm is required to create commercial licorice thickets.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce labor costs and increase the yield of marketable products of licorice roots.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the conditionability of the extracted licorice roots.

 The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, containing trimming the upper part of the roots, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the ground, trimming the upper part of the roots by milling cuts of the upper soil horizon to a depth of 5- 6 cm

 The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the invention, made it possible to establish that no analogue was found that was characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the invention.

 Therefore, the invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify compliance of the invention with the requirement of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match distinctive features of the invention from the prototype, the results of which show that the invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, as the prior art defined by the applicant, the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the invention on the achievement of a technical result is not revealed.

 Therefore, the invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

In the selected area, for example, wild thickets of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), the main direction of mechanized work and the boundaries of the site are chosen. After visual inspection, stones, metal and other objects are removed from the surface of the thicket. The first operation carried out in this area is the mowing of the aerial parts of plants and licorice. Licorice stalks are immediately chopped and distributed over the surface of the strip. Then the stubble is milled with a milling machine in an aggregate with a MTZ-80 wheeled tractor. The width of the cutter is 2 m. The milling depth is 5-6 cm. When milling the upper layer, not only the roots of weeds and wild plants, but also the licorice and garabash branches, i.e. roots with the largest number of branches in the soil layer 0-6 cm, not of medicinal value. These licorice roots prevent the formation of high density bales. Following the milling machine, an arable unit is launched, including the DT-75M tractor and the mounted planting plow PPN-60A. The depth of plowing is 60 cm. Roots and rhizomes with a diameter above 7 mm are collected from the surface of the wrapped layer by raw material collectors. After harvesting the roots and rhizomes of licorice from the surface of the array, a heavy trailed disc harrow BDT-3.7 is used in combination with a tractor DT-75M. When the angle of attack of the discs 25 ... 30 ^o cut the soil after plowing with planting plows. Further, the surface of the five-foot section is rolled six times by ring-spur rollers ZKKA-6A in an aggregate with a caterpillar tractor DT-75M. Roller boxes are loaded with maximum ballast. The next year, from the remaining roots, vegetative shoots grow from the buds; renewed shoots. Within 6-7 years, licorice thickets restore their original reserves. Cutting the soil layers with the BDT-3.7 disc harrow and subsequent rolling eliminates the erosion hazard in this massif.

 This method of harvesting the roots of licorice (Ural licorice, licorice G. G. Korzhinsky, because the other 10 ecotypes are not valuable as industrial and medicinal raw materials) provides high quality raw materials, eliminates unproductive labor costs for trimming vegetative residues from the roots and licorice rhizomes, prevents soil erosion, and also guarantees the conditions for restoring plantation productivity for 6-7 years by maintaining soil moisture reserves in the root zone and their reliable contact (times destruction of voids in soil strata).

 Therefore, the invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Sources of information
1. Questions of the study and use of licorice in the USSR. - M.: Science, 1966.

 2. Avanesov Yu.B., Kobylyakov L.M. Beet harvesting technology at the present stage // Mechanization and electrification of socialist agriculture, 1973, N 8, p. 53-57.

 3. USSR author's certificate 904563, cl. A 01 91/02. The method of harvesting plant roots // Bondarenko Yu.S. and Mychko I.P. Announced - 08/20/1980. Published - 02/15/1982 (prototype).

Claims (1)

 A method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, containing trimming the upper part of the roots, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the ground, characterized in that the trimming of the upper part of the roots is carried out by milling strips of the upper soil horizon with continuous movement to a depth of 5-6 cm.