RU2116718C1 - Licorice root harvesting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, extracting roots of plants multiplied by vegetative transplantation. SUBSTANCE: method involves mowing aboveground part of plants; cutting surface layer with root necks by rotocultivator to provide for rotavation of stubble and roots for depth of 5-6 cm; extracting roots from undercut 0-60 cm thick soil layer; performing repeated turning of upper layer for 20-25 cm depth with following manual withdrawal or combing of roots from upper 0-40 cm thick layer. EFFECT: increased efficiency by complete withdrawal of high-quality roots and provision for keeping soil state under conditions facilitating reproduction of licorice brushwood. 9 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for harvesting plant roots propagated vegetatively, for example licorice.

 There is a method of harvesting licorice, including separate cleaning of the aerial parts of plants with reaping machines and the underground parts of plants, in which the plow makes a furrow to the depth of the industrial root (50-60 cm). In this case, the layer is wrapped so that the stubble and the upper part of the licorice root - Karabash, are in the lower layers of the plowed layer, and the root-containing layer is on the day surface. After that, the workers, using hand tools, cut off the roots from the Karabash, extract them and put them in a pile for drying on the treated part of the field. Next, make the second pass with a plow, wrapping the reservoir in the previous furrow with a similar selection of roots manually (Kerbabaev B. B., Meshcheryakov A. A., Gladyshev A. I. Some issues of accelerated licorice recovery: Sat articles Research and use of licorice in the USSR . - M.-L .: Nauka, 1966, p. 75-81).

The disadvantage of this method of harvesting licorice roots is that the topsoil is saturated with the roots of herbaceous plants in association and licorice, i.e. Karabash, turns around 180 ^o in such a way that the turf with roots is at the bottom of the plow ditch. Licorice roots are selected manually. When sampling the roots manually rhizomes with regeneration buds are randomly pulled out. To remove sucking and non-commodity roots from rhizomes, high manual labor is required. In the described method, the collection of conditioned roots does not exceed 25-30% of the crop in a layer of 0-60 cm

 There is also known a method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice (licorice), containing trimming the upper part of the roots, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the earth, in which, in order to prevent wind erosion and drying out the soil, the trimming of the upper part of the roots is carried out by removing the surface layer of the earth, which move without wrapping on the harvested part of the field (SU, auth. St. N 904563, class A 01 D 91/02, announced 20.08.80, published. 15.02.82).

 The disadvantage of the described method of harvesting licorice roots is the low percentage of conditioned roots from the treated layer and the formation of a pile ridge on the surface of the field (meadows, floodplains, deposits) after the first layer of turf is displaced with Karabash.

 In addition, there is a known method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, including cutting the surface soil layer with root necks and Karabash, moving it to a harvested field and into the furrow, digging and removing roots, primary separation of the root-containing soil layer into the furrow while moving it to subsequent working bodies and secondary separation, in which, in order to improve the reproduction of licorice after the primary separation of soil into a furrow, the surface layer of soil with root necks and karabash m are moved into the furrow, and the secondary separation is carried out into the furrow after moving the mentioned surface soil layer with root necks and Karabash (SU, ed. St. N 1706438, class A 01 D 25/02, A 01 D 91/02, claimed 12/22/89, published. 01/23/92).

 The described method for extracting licorice roots is inefficient and requires large energy costs.

 The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed object according to the totality of features is a method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, including mowing the aerial parts of plants, cutting the surface layer with root necks and garabash, moving it to a harvested area, digging and extracting roots from the soil, in which, in order to increase the completeness of the harvesting of the roots and improve the reproducibility of licorice, a furrow with a the soil roll, then the surface layer of soil is laid in the furrow, compacted and covered with a layer of soil, destroying the soil roll; for the purpose of better compaction, the surface soil layer is cut into parts before moving (SU, auth. St. N 1184470, class A 01 D 91/02, claimed 26.04.84, published. 15.10.85).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device adopted for the prototype include the lack in the production of machines and tools that implement operations to extract and separate licorice roots from the soil layer.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the completeness of a sample of licorice roots and to eliminate erosion processes in harvested areas.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the productivity and completeness of the selection of conditioned roots, preserving the conditions in the soil for the reproduction of licorice thickets.

 The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method of harvesting licorice roots, including mowing the aerial parts of plants, cutting the surface layer with root necks and Karabash, digging with the formation and extracting the roots from the soil, cutting the surface layer with root necks and Karabash produce a soil mill milling stubble and roots to a depth of 5-6 cm, and after extracting the roots from a layer of 0-60 cm undermined layer produce a second revolution of the upper layer pl Asta to a depth of 20-25 cm and subsequent sampling of roots in the upper layer 0-40 cm by manual collection and combing.

 The analysis of the prior art by the applicants, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicants did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the requirement of "inventive step", the applicants conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the prototype, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art, since the level of technology defined by the applicants, it is not revealed the impact provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention conversion requirements to achieve a technical result.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

In FIG. 1 shows the root system of licorice naked at the age of seven, plan view;
in FIG. 2 - maternal root with basalt parts of licorice naked in an axonometric image;
in FIG. 3 - the root system of licorice naked in an axonometric image;
in FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a soil layer with a mother licorice root after mowing aerial licorice stems and natural herbs;
figure 5 is the same, after milling the upper layer to a depth of 5-6 cm;
in FIG. 6 - the process of extraction and turnover of the soil layer with licorice roots, for example, the body of the mounted planting plow PPN-60A;
in FIG. 7 - the location of the roots and rhizomes of licorice in the soil after plowing to a depth of 60 cm with a planting plow PPN-60A;
in FIG. 8 - the location of the soil during re-plowing mounted plow plow PLN-5-35 to a depth of 20-25 cm;
in FIG. 9 - the process of extracting licorice roots from a layer of 0-40 cm with the teeth of a comb comb on a KZU-0.3 frame.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

 The mechanized link for the extraction of licorice roots includes a caterpillar tractor of draft class 3 ts DT-75M (DT-175S Volgar, VT-100), five-mounted mounted plow PLN-5-35A, mounted planting plow PPN-60A, mounted channel equalizer KZU- 0.3 in the variant of a cultivator and a combiner, a wheeled tractor of class 1.4 ts MTZ-80/82, a mounted cutter KFK-2.0, a two-axle tipper trailer PSK-12B with a loading capacity of 6 tons with extended sides, a KIR-1 mower-grinder , 5B, GAZ-53 truck, equipped for the transport of people, fuel and food. The brigade consists of eight workers, two tractor drivers, a driver and a team leader.

In the selected area of licorice thickets, a preparatory cycle of work is carried out first. The unit, including the MTZ-80/82 tractor and the KIR-1,5B mower-grinder, cut off the elevated stems of licorice and wild plants at a cut height of 3-4 cm. The stems are crushed with a cutting length of 1-2 cm and distributed on the surface of the harvested strip. Stub 1 (Fig. 4) remains on the surface of the field. Further, the unit, including the MTZ-80/82 wheeled tractor and the KFK-2.0 mounted soil mill, destroys the roots of wild plants, vegetative shoots and licorice gum. Screw mechanisms of pneumatic support wheels set the milling depth equal to 5-6 cm (Fig. 5). When milling the topsoil 2 of the soil, the stubble and the roots of the plants are ground together with the turf. Subsequently, the cut turf does not interfere with the extraction of licorice roots. In the prepared areas, the first phase of licorice root extraction and the arable unit, including the mounted planting plow PPN-60A and the tractor DT-75M, are being excavated, the root-containing stratum 3 is dug up to a depth of a = 50-60 cm. The soil stratum 40-45 cm wide is wrapped around 180 ^o so that the layer 2 of the soil is at the bottom 4 of the plow ditch (Fig. 6). Workers use hand tools to remove licorice roots 5 and rhizomes 6. The extracted roots 5 and rhizomes 6 are put into the capacity of a trailed tractor trolley PSE-12.5B. After plowing the planting plow PPN-60A of the entire territory occupied by licorice roots in the thicket (Fig. 1-3), they begin to re-turn the layers of soil 3 (Fig. 7). To do this, the mounted plow pln PLN-5-35A is mounted on a link of a caterpillar tractor DT-75M. The plow supporting wheel PLN-5-35 sets the plowing depth equal to a ₁ = 20-25 cm. When the unit moves, the upper layers 7 are cut at a depth of 20-25 cm and wrapped (Fig. 8).

 In the second phase of harvesting from strata 7, exposed roots 5 and rhizomes 6 of licorice are manually removed by workers. After harvesting the roots of licorice from the surface of the layers 7 produce combing out the roots of licorice. From the inner layers of the layers 7 plowed by a plow PLN-5-35, choose the roots, and from previously cut layers 3 by a plow PPN-60A at a depth of 0-40 cm, the roots are combed out with teeth 8 KZU-0.3. With teeth 8 of the KZU-0.3 gun, licorice roots are extracted on the day surface of section 9. From the surface of section 9, workers collect the extracted roots 5, rhizomes 6 and mother roots 10. After collecting the extracted roots, the soil-cultivating unit, including the DT-75M tractor and KZU-0 , 3, align the treated surface. Thus, the surface of section 9 of the harvested strip is prepared for tinning with perennial grasses.

 The remaining licorice roots and rhizomes, as well as part of the Karabash from the surface layer, are mixed and distributed in a soil layer of 0-60 cm with well-separated and moist soil horizons. This ensures the biological activity and survival of sucking and skeletal licorice roots. Sleeping (axillary) buds are created conditions for the resumption of their life and for intensive germination.

 The table below shows the results of comparative tests of the basic technology for the extraction of licorice roots and the seven-year-old declared on the wild thickets of licorice (Glucurrhiza glabra L.) on the Volga right bank of the Lower Volga. According to the control sites of 2 • 2 m, the biological productivity of the roots and rhizomes is 21.73 t / ha of raw conditioned roots.

 According to estimates, even with the sale of 1 ton of dry licorice roots for $ 400, the level of profitability of production exceeds 70%. According to Kazakhlakritsa, even with a profitability level of 15%, all expenses are covered for the extraction of licorice roots with a productivity of 1.1 - 1.5 t / ha.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (1)

 A method of harvesting licorice roots, including mowing the aerial parts of plants, cutting the surface layer with root necks and Karabash, digging and extracting roots from the soil, characterized in that cutting the surface layer with root necks and Karabash is performed by soil milling by milling stubble and roots to a depth of 5 - 6 cm, and after extracting the roots from a layer of 0 - 60 cm of the dug layer, the upper horizon is re-rotated to a depth of 20 - 25 cm, followed by sampling of the roots in the upper layer of 0 - 40 cm by manual collection and combing.

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