RU2229780C2 - Land amelioration method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural production, in particular, land fertility restoration. SUBSTANCE: method involves thinning soil to 0.5-1.2 m depth without soil layer turning by means of V-shaped blades; providing subsurface application of non-clarified animal sewage simultaneously with soil thinning; sowing ameliorant crops; cultivating crops following ameliorant crops in crop rotation on arable soil layer by differentially deepened cultivation process. Method allows soil fertility to be restored through the entire plowing depth for short time. EFFECT: increased efficiency in utilization of non-clarified animal sewage and full-value usage of ameliorant crop in planned crop rotations. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of crop production and relates to the restoration of soil fertility.

A known method of cultivation of heavy mineral soils, including sowing culture with a rod root system, cutting the roots on the lower boundary of the active part of the root layer during the complete formation of the root system and introducing silicon-containing fertilizers into the specified boundary layer (a.s. No. 1442100, USSR, class. A 01 B 79/00, 1988, BI No. 45).

The disadvantages of this method is that the cutting of the roots of the culture-reclamation is accompanied by a sharp decrease in its productivity, excluding it from the planned crop rotation. The resulting new roots are located above the cut, and only the next year the rod roots pass through the unconsolidated silicon-containing layer and penetrate into the lower dense soil layer. To cultivate a significant layer of soil in this way, it takes a long time and multiple tillage with cutting roots. In addition, silicon-containing fertilizers (slag) improve the physical and mechanical properties of soils (which makes sense on heavy soils), strengthen roots, but do not nourish plants and by themselves do not participate in microbiological processes in the soil, increasing its fertility.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of phytomelioration of the subsoil horizon of soils (US Pat. RF No. 2152146, A 01 B 79/00, BI No. 19, 2000), including loosening of the arable layer with the simultaneous formation of cracks in the subsurface layer and filling them with loose concentrated organic fertilizer , and the inter-crevice space is sown with annual or perennial crops with a well-developed root system.

The disadvantage of this method is that vertically cut slots do not cover the entire field, so only plants whose roots are directly in the slit can use fertilizers, almost exclusively due to them, the cultivation of the subsoil layer occurs. This process is long, inefficient and expensive.

To eliminate these disadvantages allows the proposed method of land reclamation, including loosening of the arable layer, the introduction of organic fertilizer in the arable layer and sowing of perennial crops with a well-developed root system, which produce a deep (0.5-1.2 m) softening of the soil without turnover V -shaped undercuts with simultaneous subsoil introduction of unclarified livestock stocks, and the cultivation of subsequent crops is carried out by differentially deepened tillage by the arable soil layer, In this depth of each subsequent processing by 0.05-0.06 m exceeds the previous one. As a reclamation culture, perennial leguminous crops are used predominantly.

The method is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of its implementation.

Deep deconsolidation of the soil without turning the reservoir into V-shaped undercuts, covering the entire area of the reclaimed area, and enrichment of the soil cut with livestock runoff creates more favorable conditions for the root system of the reclamation culture to penetrate deeper into the deconsolidated and enriched soil layer immediately after germination.

The cultivation of a perennial (3-4 years) leguminous crop that fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere against the background of deep softening of the soil without a layer revolution and the introduction of unclarified livestock runoff provide concentrated accumulation of mineral nutrients and organic matter in the unconsolidated soil layer, and an increase in humus throughout the entire treated soil layer. The decomposition of organic matter is accompanied by the formation of humus, which is a catalyst for structural formation.

Removing a meliorant culture with a deeply penetrated root system provides the subsequent crop rotation with the opportunity to use the decomposing organic roots of the predecessor culture both for deeper penetration of their roots and for the accumulation of nutrients in them.

The enrichment of the deconsolidated soil layer with concentrated organic matter and mineral nutrition elements against the background of irrigation provides the full use of the reclamation crop in the national economy and subsequent crop rotation with a small root system, the ability to form stable high yields through the use of the energy potential accumulated in the reclamation crop.

The proposed method is as follows.

Deep soil compaction (0.5-1.2 m) without reservoir rotation is carried out by V-shaped cultivators with simultaneous introduction of unclarified livestock stocks in the fall or spring immediately before sowing the reclamation culture, which is used as alfalfa, oriental goat or other perennial legumes with a powerful root system, fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere.

The depth of decompression depends on the type of soil and national economic needs.

The introduction of livestock runoff is carried out along the cutoff plane of the soil monolith by the side knives of the V-shaped cultivator, starting from a depth of 0.05-0.1 m, which ensures their incorporation and more complete use of rapidly volatile nitrogen compounds contained in them, as well as environmental restrictions.

Pre-sowing irrigation is carried out only when the surface soil layer is dried, corresponding to the depth of seed placement at the time of sowing the reclamation culture to 0.5 HB.

The greatest effect of using the proposed method is achieved when organizing crop rotations. The number of crop rotation fields is determined by the duration of cultivation of the reclamation crop (3-5 years) and the duration of the effect of the deep softening of the soil (4-6 years).

The cultivation of crop rotation crops following the reclamation crop is carried out by a differentially deepened tillage by a layer of soil. Each subsequent depth of the main tillage should be 0.05-0.06 m deeper in order to destroy the illusory, denser layer formed on the horizontal section of the arable layer of the soil and provide better conditions for the penetration of the root system of subsequent crops into deeper soil layers, in which a meliorant culture has accumulated incoming energy.

The application of the proposed method provides with minimal economic costs for a short period of time the reproduction of soil fertility to the entire depth of cultivation (up to 1.2 m), and in addition, it allows you to utilize unclarified livestock stocks and make full use of the reclamation culture in planned crop rotation.

Claims (2)

1. The method of land reclamation, including loosening the soil, applying organic fertilizer to the subsurface layer and sowing the reclamation culture, characterized in that the loosening of the soil is carried out to a depth of 0.5-1.2 m by loosening the soil without turning the formation V-shaped undercuts and the simultaneous introduction of organic fertilizers in the form of unclarified livestock runoff along the planes of undercuts, while when cultivating the crops following the reclamation crop in the crop rotation, a differentiated deepening of the main soil treatment is carried out you, and the depth of each subsequent processing is 0.05-0.06 m more than the previous one. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that perennial legumes are used as a reclamation culture.