CN109315117B - Organic fertilizer broadcasting method for zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in karst region - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer broadcasting method for zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in karst region Download PDFInfo
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- CN109315117B CN109315117B CN201811238848.2A CN201811238848A CN109315117B CN 109315117 B CN109315117 B CN 109315117B CN 201811238848 A CN201811238848 A CN 201811238848A CN 109315117 B CN109315117 B CN 109315117B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer broadcasting method for zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in karst regions, which comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a fertilization season; secondly, selecting Chinese prickly ash woodland; thirdly, digging a fertilizing ditch; fourthly, organic fertilizer is broadcast applied; and fifthly, spreading the film. The organic fertilizer broadcasting method is suitable for karst rock desertification areas, can effectively reduce soil disturbance, reduce damage to plant root systems, promote the plant root systems to effectively absorb the organic fertilizer, maintain soil fertility, improve carbon reserves of the soil, achieve the aim of increasing soil convergence, improve the yield of the pepper, and achieve remarkable effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an organic fertilizer broadcasting method, in particular to an organic fertilizer broadcasting method for a zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in a karst region, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilization.
Background
Zanthoxylum plant of Zanthoxylum of Rutaceae is a tree species with shallow fibrous root system, developed lateral root system and no obvious main root. The planted pepper roots are provided with sessile roots extending in the horizontal direction and fine and dense netted root groups, the horizontal distribution is larger than the vertical distribution, the root hairs have good soil-fixing and water-retaining capacity, the pepper roots become dominant trees for karst rock desertification comprehensive treatment, the pepper roots are widely planted in a karst plateau canyon-intensity rock desertification comprehensive treatment demonstration area, but due to the allelopathy of pepper, secondary metabolites secreted in soil by root systems and litters poison the pepper roots and other vegetations, the growth of the pepper roots and litters is inhibited, microorganisms and animals in soil are inhibited to a certain extent, natural nutrients and organic matters in soil are lacked, the soil is declined, and the growth potential difference, the yield and the quality of the pepper are reduced along with the increase of the age of the trees after the full-growth period. In order to solve the problems, the methods of migration and replanting are adopted in forestry, and the methods of artificial fertilization, forest grain or forest grass intercropping and the like are adopted in agriculture, but the effect is not ideal. The essence of the method is that the vegetation community under the Chinese prickly ash forest has a single structure due to the allelopathy of the Chinese prickly ash, the growth and the yield of the Chinese prickly ash are restricted by soil organic matters (lack of organic matters for improving soil properties, soil aggregate, soil physicochemical properties, diversity and activity of soil microorganisms and the like), the growth and the yield of the Chinese prickly ash are restricted by the lack of soil nutrients, the poor permeability of the soil structure and the soil and the like, and therefore, the key is to improve the organic fertilizer application method and technology under the Chinese prickly ash forest and increase the soil fertility.
The general fertilization method comprises surface soil fertilization and ploughing fertilization, wherein the surface soil fertilization is generally realized by selecting agricultural land or forest land, thoroughly watering soil with water, keeping good field water holding capacity of the soil, spreading an organic fertilizer on the thoroughly watered soil, covering a layer of 10-15 cm straws, weeds and the like on the basis of the organic fertilizer to serve as a warming layer, and covering a layer of 10-25 cm rice chaff on the basis of the warming layer to preserve heat. The defects of surface soil fertilization are as follows: the method is suitable for the agriculture and forestry land with thick soil layer and strong water retention capacity. The karst stony desertification area is high and steep in mountain slope, less in soil and more in stones, shallow in soil layer, broken in soil, serious in water and soil loss, and basically has no growth of other vegetation under the zanthoxylum bungeanum forest, so that organic fertilizer is lost along with strong surface runoff after rainfall, and water resource pollution is caused; the turning and fertilizing is to firstly spread the organic fertilizer on the ground after the crops are harvested in the previous season, the thickness of the organic fertilizer is 1-20 cm, and then the soil is deeply turned for 20-50 cm; or in a sloping field with larger inclination, carrying out 'fish scale' hole application along a contour line, wherein the length and the width of each pit are 50-100 cm, the depth of each pit is 50-150 cm, the distance between every two adjacent pits is 200-500 cm, organic fertilizer is paved in the pits by 20-80 cm in parallel, excavated soil is backfilled, and the soil is tamped. The disadvantages of plowing and fertilizing are as follows: large-area soil plowing and deep plowing fertilization cause three aspects of irrationality: (1) the organic carbon reservoir of soil is seriously reduced; (2) according to the characteristics of the root system of the pepper tree species, the damage to the pepper root system can be caused no matter large-area ploughing fertilization or deep ploughing fertilization, and the death of the tree species can be caused seriously; (3) the traditional fertilization technology or the migration and replanting of the pepper can cause large-area disturbance and plowing of the soil, resulting in a large amount of CO in the soil2The soil carbon reservoir is rapidly reduced by discharging the waste water into the atmosphere, so that the soil quality, the biological yield and the water resource quality are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the organic fertilizer broadcasting method for the zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in the karst region is suitable for the karst rocky desertification region, can effectively reduce soil disturbance, reduce damage to plant root systems, promote the plant root systems to effectively absorb the organic fertilizer, keep soil fertility, improve carbon storage of soil, achieve the aim of soil gathering, improve the yield of zanthoxylum bungeanum forest and effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for broadcasting organic fertilizer to Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in karst region comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a fertilization season; secondly, selecting Chinese prickly ash woodland; thirdly, digging a fertilizing ditch; fourthly, organic fertilizer is broadcast applied; and fifthly, spreading the film.
In the first step, the selection of the fertilization season is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months every year, the middle and last ten days of 9 months are the third growth peak period of the root system of the pepper, and the autumn application base fertilizer amount is 2/3 or more of the organic fertilizer amount applied all the year around, so that the dormant branch fullness of the tree body is improved, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted.
In the second step, the Chinese prickly ash forest land is selected as follows: and selecting a zanthoxylum bungeanum forest with the slope less than 30 degrees in the karst plateau canyon stony desertification area for broadcasting.
In the third step, firstly, pepper trees are used as round points, 1-5 concentric circles are drawn on the ground by taking integral multiple of 0.5m as the radius, the drawn circles are uniformly divided into 3-6 equal parts, then a fertilization annular groove and a fertilization longitudinal groove which are 10cm wide and 10-20 cm deep are dug towards the underground direction along the positions of the circles and the radial equal parts, and the whole fertilization groove is radial, so that the full absorption of organic fertilizers by the pepper tree seeds with reticular roots is ensured.
And in the fourth step, organic fertilizer which is formed by composting chicken, duck, sheep manure and straws is scattered in the fertilization annular ditch and the fertilization longitudinal ditch, the thickness of the organic fertilizer is 10-15 cm, the dug-out backfill soil is backfilled, tamped, and then the fertilization ditch is watered.
In the fifth step, a layer of mulching film with the same size as the fertilization annular groove area is paved under the fertilized pepper tree, the periphery of the mulching film is built high and fixed through gravels, the fixed width is 3-5 cm, the mulching film is made to be disc-shaped, the soil heat preservation capacity of the mulching film is increased, soil moisture evaporation and dissipation are effectively controlled, a plurality of through holes with the diameter of 7-10cm are formed in the mulching film, on one hand, the water permeability and the air permeability of the mulching film are improved, on the other hand, the washing of rainfall on the ground surface is reduced due to the disc-shaped and perforated mulching film, water and soil loss is prevented, rainfall can be collected and permeates into the soil through the irregular through holes, the heat preservation and moisture preservation capacity of the soil under the pepper tree is improved, and the decomposition of organic fertilizers and the absorption of pepper roots to organic.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the technical scheme, the following beneficial effects are achieved: 1. the radial fertilizing furrows increase the sufficient absorption of the pepper roots to organic fertilizers and improve the organic carbon of the pepper forest soil, thereby improving the yield of pepper; 2. the design of the radial fertilizing ditch reduces the large-area disturbance of the soil and reduces CO in the soil2Venting to atmosphere; 3. the disc-shaped mulching film with irregular holes can effectively protect water and soil loss, exert the heat and moisture preservation effects and effectively collect atmospheric rainfall to supplement soil moisture; 4. the method has the advantages that while the fertilization technology is optimized, the planting concept of reducing sources and increasing sinks is combined, local materials are used, and the organic fertilizer formed by combining wastes and animal wastes in the local planting and breeding processes is used, so that the organic matters and nutrients of soil under the pepper forest are improved, the full absorption and utilization of soil fertility of pepper root systems are promoted, the soil environment is improved, the agricultural planting with high efficiency, low energy consumption, low emission and high carbon sink is realized, and the karst agricultural ecological economy of ecological and economic coordinated development is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the structure of the fertilizing ditch is shown schematically;
FIG. 2: the fertilizing ditch of the invention is partially cut away.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: a method for broadcasting organic fertilizer to Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in karst region comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a fertilization season; secondly, selecting Chinese prickly ash woodland; thirdly, digging a fertilizing ditch; fourthly, organic fertilizer is broadcast applied; and fifthly, spreading the film.
Furthermore, in the first step, the selection of the fertilization season is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months per year, the middle and last ten days of 9 months are the third growth peak period of the root system of the pepper, and the base fertilizer amount applied in autumn is 2/3 or more of the organic fertilizer amount applied in the whole year, so that the dormant branch fullness of the tree body is improved, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted.
Further, in the second step, the selection of the Chinese prickly ash forest land is as follows: and selecting a zanthoxylum bungeanum forest with the slope less than 30 degrees in the karst plateau canyon stony desertification area for broadcasting.
Further, as shown in the attached drawings 1-2, in the third step, firstly, taking pepper trees 1 as round points, drawing 4 concentric circles on the ground by taking integral multiple of 0.5m as a radius, equally dividing the drawn circles into 5 equal parts, then excavating a fertilization annular groove 2 and a fertilization longitudinal groove 3 which are 10cm wide and 10-20 cm deep towards the underground direction along the positions of the circles and the radial equal parts, wherein the whole fertilization annular groove 2 and the fertilization longitudinal groove 3 are radial, and the full absorption of organic fertilizers 4 by pepper tree species with net-shaped root groups is ensured.
Further, in the fourth step, organic fertilizer 4 which is formed by composting chicken, duck, sheep manure and straws is scattered in the fertilization annular ditch 2 and the fertilization longitudinal ditch 3, the thickness of the organic fertilizer 4 is 10-15 cm, the dug-out backfill soil 5 is backfilled, tamping is carried out, and watering is carried out on the fertilization ditches. The organic fertilizer formed by combining the waste and animal wastes in the local planting and breeding processes is used, so that the organic matters and nutrients of the soil under the pepper forest are improved, the root systems of the pepper are promoted to fully absorb and utilize the soil fertility, and the soil environment is improved.
Further, in the fifth step, a layer of mulching film 6 with the same size as the area of the fertilization annular groove 2 is paved below the fertilized pepper tree 1, the periphery of the mulching film 6 is built and fixed by gravels, the fixed width is 3-5 cm, the mulching film 6 is made to be disc-shaped, the soil heat preservation capacity of the mulching film 6 is increased, soil moisture evaporation and dissipation are effectively controlled, a plurality of through holes with the diameter of 7-10cm are formed in the mulching film 6, on one hand, the water permeability and the air permeability of the mulching film 6 are improved, and on the other hand, the disc-shaped and perforated mulching film 6 reduces scouring of rainfall on the ground surface, prevents water and soil loss, can collect rainfall and permeate into the soil through irregular through holes, improves the heat preservation and moisture preservation capacity of the soil below the pepper tree, and promotes decomposition of pepper tree roots to absorb organic fertilizers 4.
A disc-shaped mulching film 6 is laid on the fertilizing ditch, the periphery of the mulching film 6 is high, the middle of the mulching film is low, round holes of 7-10cm are punched on the mulching film 6 along the fertilizing ditch, the intervals among the round holes are 10cm, water and soil loss is effectively controlled, and organic fertilizers 4 are locked. Organic fertilizer is spread along the 6 holes of the mulching film in the next year, and the organic fertilizer is promoted to seep downwards to the fertilizing ditch along the 6 holes of the mulching film through watering or natural precipitation, so that the cyclic fertilization of pepper trees in the future is facilitated, the fertilizing ditch does not need to be dug repeatedly, the labor cost of planting is greatly reduced, and the cyclic and continuous fertilizing function of the fertilizing ditch is embodied.
In this embodiment, in 9 months of 2015 and 9 months of 2016, a zanthoxylum bungeanum forest land in a karst region of the county of the flower river of the Guizhou province is particularly selected as an experimental object to be subjected to a comparison experiment, three zanthoxylum bungeanum forests with the soil conditions equal to the areas close to the zanthoxylum bungeanum trees are selected for comparison, one zanthoxylum bungeanum forest land is fertilized by using an organic fertilizer in the fertilization ditch structure of the present invention, while the other two zanthoxylum bungeanum forests are fertilized by using common fertilization methods of top soil fertilization and turning fertilization respectively, and different yields of zanthoxylum bungeanum in the same period of 2016 and 2017 are compared, wherein the data are:
table 1: influence of different fertilization methods on yield of pepper
The data in the table show that compared with the common fertilization modes of surface soil fertilization and ploughing fertilization, the fertilization ditch structure disclosed by the invention is adopted for organic fertilizer fertilization, the yield of the peppers in the same period has a better growth rate, the economic benefit is improved, meanwhile, the remarkable effect is achieved on water and soil loss treatment in the karst region, the fertilization technology is optimized, the planting concept of reducing sources and increasing sinks is combined, local materials are obtained, the organic fertilizer formed by combining wastes and animal wastes in the local planting and breeding processes is used, the improvement of organic matters and nutrients in the soil under the pepper forest is realized, the full absorption and utilization of soil fertility of the pepper root systems are promoted, the soil environment is improved, the agricultural planting with high efficiency, low energy consumption, low emission and high carbon sink is realized, and the karst agricultural ecological economy of ecological and economic coordinated development is promoted.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art. Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for broadcasting organic fertilizer in Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in karst region is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a fertilization season; secondly, selecting Chinese prickly ash woodland; thirdly, digging a fertilizing ditch; fourthly, organic fertilizer is broadcast applied; fifthly, spreading a film, wherein in the third step, firstly, taking the pepper tree (1) as a round point, drawing 1-5 concentric circles on the ground by taking integral multiple of 0.5m as a radius, equally dividing the drawn circles into 3-6 equal parts, and then digging a fertilization annular ditch (2) and a fertilization longitudinal ditch (3) which are 10cm wide and 10-20 cm deep towards the underground direction along the positions of the circles and the radial equal parts.
2. The method for broadcasting the organic fertilizer for the Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in the karst region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the selection of the fertilization season is 9 middle and last days of each year.
3. The method for broadcasting the organic fertilizer for the Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in the karst region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the Chinese prickly ash forest land is selected as follows: and selecting a zanthoxylum bungeanum forest with the slope less than 30 degrees in the karst plateau canyon stony desertification area for broadcasting.
4. The method for broadcasting the organic fertilizer for the Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in the karst region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, organic fertilizer (4) which is formed by composting chicken, duck, sheep manure and straws is spread into the fertilization annular ditch (2) and the fertilization longitudinal ditch (3), the thickness of the organic fertilizer (4) is 10-15 cm, dug-out backfill soil (5) is backfilled, tamped, and watering is carried out on the fertilization ditch.
5. The method for broadcasting the organic fertilizer for the Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in the karst region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and fifthly, laying a layer of mulching film (6) with the same area as the fertilization annular groove (2) below the fertilized pepper tree (1), wherein the periphery of the mulching film (6) is piled and fixed by gravels, the fixed width is 3-5 cm, and a plurality of through holes with the diameter of 7-10cm are formed in the mulching film (6).
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