CN113367018A

CN113367018A - Method for rapidly and efficiently improving survival rate of nursery stock afforestation

Info

Publication number: CN113367018A
Application number: CN202110766349.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯志培; 李喜梅; 杨喜田; 孔玉华; 郭二辉; 赖勇; 赵佳宝; 邵新亮
Original assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-07-07
Filing date: 2021-07-07
Publication date: 2021-09-10

Abstract

The invention provides a method for quickly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation, relates to the fields of restoration ecology and forestry, and comprises three stages of nursery land seedling culture, air root-cutting seedling culture and rainy season afforestation technology implementation and management. The first stage is as follows: nursery seedling raising, which comprises the steps of seed pretreatment, land preparation, sowing and seedling management; and a second stage: and (3) cultivating the seedlings obtained in the first stage by using an air root-cutting container, finely managing, promoting the growth of lateral roots, and afforesting after the seedling vigor is recovered. And a third stage: and (3) implementing and managing the forestation technology in rainy season, wherein the forestation technology comprises micro-terrain land preparation, meadow laying and seedling management and protection measures. At the stage, micro-terrain soil preparation is carried out on the afforestation land, the rainy season is selected according to the standing conditions and the rainfall condition of the afforestation land, the strong seedlings cultivated in the previous two stages are transplanted to the afforestation land with soil, and the survival rate of the afforestation seedlings is improved by combining the seedling management and protection measures.

Description

Method for rapidly and efficiently improving survival rate of nursery stock afforestation

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of ecology restoration and forestry, in particular to a method for quickly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation.

Background

The planting and afforestation is an effective means for accelerating the vegetation recovery process, and is the most traditional and commonly adopted construction method. Good individual seedlings are the basis for building a healthy sustainable forest ecosystem. However, when the seedlings are transplanted or transported from the nursery lands to the forestation lands, the roots are easily damaged or lost, so that the development and the functions of the roots are not perfect, the quality of the seedlings is reduced, the survival and the growth of the seedlings after the forestation are limited, the recovery and the reconstruction of a degraded ecosystem are hindered, and the seedlings are particularly suitable for arid and semi-arid regions with wide areas. The cultivation of a good root system is the key for producing robust seedlings and also the key for influencing whether the seedlings can grow healthily after afforestation and overcoming the pressure of transplanting on the seedlings. At present, the results of the study on the quality of seedlings at home and abroad mainly focus on the influence of factors such as container type, seedling age, nutrient elements, matrix type and the like on the growth condition of trees, and the influence of the root system quality of the seedlings for afforestation, particularly the influence of a seedling culture mode on the quality of the seedlings is rarely concerned. Therefore, in ecological construction of forestry in China, an effective afforestation technology greening system for arid and semi-arid regions is urgently needed to be established. In order to realize the aim of restoring and forming a strong plant community, technical measures of 'two-section type seedling raising' are necessary to be adopted during seedling planting and afforestation, particularly when seedling planting and afforestation are carried out in difficult afforestation areas (areas with sunny slopes, rocky mountains, barren mountains and areas with serious soil and barren water loss), the growth and development conditions of seedlings are necessarily improved, the seedlings with strong root systems are used, and specific rainy season afforestation technology and management measures are combined, so that the survival rate of the afforested seedlings is improved, resources are effectively saved, and ecological benefits are generated in an accelerated manner.

The problems existing in the prior art are as follows:

(1) the cost of afforestation is higher. The cultivation of the old seedlings is long, a large amount of manpower resources and time are consumed, and the cost is high.

(2) The root system of the seedling is not well developed, the quality of the seedling is poor, and the survival rate after afforestation is extremely low. The natural climate conditions of the forestation land are severe, the root systems of the seedlings are dysplastic and can not be deeply pricked, the efficiency of absorbing water and nutrients is low, the quality of the seedlings is poor, the adaptability after transplanting and forestation is poor, and the survival rate is low.

(3) The afforestation construction process is difficult. Firstly, the difficult afforestation ground topography is complicated, the mountain height breaks steeply, and large-scale nursery stock is bulky, heavier, generally needs transportation equipment just can transport it to the afforestation ground, greatly increased the degree of difficulty of afforestation work. Secondly, the afforestation ground has thin soil layer, more and hard rocks and difficult and laborious hole digging.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for efficiently improving the afforestation survival rate of the wild peach seedlings, which adopts 'two-stage seedling culture', realizes the purpose of cultivating high-quality afforestation seedlings in large batch, and further combines the specific rainy season afforestation technology and management measures to improve the survival rate of the afforestation seedlings. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

1. a method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation is divided into a nursery land seedling raising stage, an air root-breaking refined seedling raising stage and a rain season afforestation technology implementation and management stage, wherein the nursery land seedling raising stage comprises the following steps: (1) selecting excellent seeds for pretreatment, (2) preparing land in a nursery, (3) sowing the land in the nursery, (4) managing the seedling stage, and (5) lifting seedlings in spring; the air root-cutting fine seedling raising stage comprises the following steps: (6) cultivating nursery stocks in an air root-cutting container, (7) controlling growth environment conditions, and (8) finely managing the nursery stocks; the implementation and management stage of the rain season afforestation technology comprises the following steps: (9) preparing soil in a micro-terrain, (10) paving meadows, and (11) planting nursery stock and protecting pipes.

2. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of arborvitae nursery stock in afforestation comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent arborvitae seed for pretreatment: washing Chinese arborvitae seed with running tap water 5 times in late 8 month, standing, removing debris floating on the upper layer of water surface and empty particles, soaking in sterile water for 72 hr, changing water every 24 hr, and adding 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running tap water for several times, immersing seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for 15-18 d to expose white;

(2) preparing a nursery land, leveling the surface layer of the nursery land of an ecological test station, removing weeds, dividing the nursery land into high beds with the same area, wherein the bed surface is 15-20 cm higher than a footpath, and the width of the footpath is 50 cm;

(3) sowing the oriental arborvitae seeds in a nursery land, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full oriental arborvitae seeds on a seedbed of the nursery land in the last ten days of 9 months, quickly covering soil with the row spacing of 25cm and the thickness of about 5cm, watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding the impact on the seeds and keeping the soil moist;

(4) managing the seedling stage, checking the seedling emergence condition of a seedbed in time after seedling emergence, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, watering, weeding and preventing insects in daily life, mainly manually culturing for about 6 months in a nursery land, and ensuring the height of the seedlings to be 10.86 +/-2.14 cm;

(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking out seedlings in spring, irrigating the arborvitae seedlings on a seedbed of a nursery land 1 week before taking out the seedlings, ensuring that soil is moist, enabling a root system and the soil to be easily separated in the seedling taking-out process, reducing damage to the root system, and obtaining arborvitae seedlings with approximately complete root systems; in late 3 months of the next year, selecting to be carried out after 5 pm in windless cloudy days, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the arborvitae nursery stock in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in an air root-cutting container, quickly planting the raised Chinese arborvitae seedlings into air root-cutting containers with proper size in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein 1 plant is arranged in each container, a cultivation substrate used for seedling cultivation in the air root-cutting container is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and water-retaining agents of 1500g/m are respectively added into the substrate according to the proportion³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and the root system of the arborvitae seedling is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation and growth of the root system, so that the increase and growth of the quantity of the arborvitae roots are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capacity of the transplanted arborvitae root system for absorbing water and nutrients is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the arborvitae seedling and improving the quality of the seedling are realized;

(7) controlling the growth environment conditions, namely controlling the growth environment conditions of the arborvitae seedling stage in the air root-cutting container, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) finely managing the arborvitae seedlings, crossing water every 3d, daily weeding and preventing insects, culturing in an air root-breaking container for 2 months, increasing the lateral roots of the arborvitae seedlings, increasing the activity of the roots, ensuring that the growth and development conditions of the seedlings are good, and recovering or increasing the vigor and the activity of the seedlings;

(9) micro-topography land preparation, before planting nursery stocks, carrying out micro-topography land preparation on the afforestation land, removing weeds, shrubs and the like around tree holes, adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the holes by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical hole digging can be adopted in a gentle slope place, damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, water and soil loss is prevented, the tree hole is 50-60 cm wide, and the hole depth is 35-40 cm;

(10) paving a meadow, transplanting the arborvitae seedlings with soil at the root system to a difficult land for forestation respectively in 6 months, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into a straw turf mat of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness is about 4cm, putting the straw turf mat into a tree hole, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the root system, wherein the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadow are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved turf mat, planting 1 seedling in each tree hole, wherein the planting distance is about 1.5m, increasing the water retention capacity by using the meadow, reducing the water evaporation, facilitating the water in the tree hole to permeate into deep soil, preserving the water and allowing the arborvitae seedlings to absorb and utilize;

(11) and (3) managing and protecting the planted seedlings, wherein the seedlings are watered and loosened periodically according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the planting land in the early stage after the seedlings are planted, and peripheral weeds and the like are removed in time for at least 6 times, so that the growth advantage of the planted seedlings of the arborvitae is ensured, and the survival rate of the seedling planting is obviously improved.

3. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the afforestation survival rate of wild peach seedlings comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting good wild peach seeds for pretreatment, washing the wild peach seeds with flowing tap water for 5 times in late 8 months, standing, removing debris such as debris floating on the upper layer of the water surface and empty particles, immersing in sterile water for 72 hours, changing water every 24 hours, and then using 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, cleaning with running tap water for several times, soaking the seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing the seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for about 30-45 d to expose white;

(2) preparing a nursery land, flattening the surface layer of the nursery land, removing weeds, dividing the nursery land into high beds with the same area, wherein the bed surface is 15-20 cm higher than the footpath, and the width of the footpath is 50 cm;

(3) sowing wild peach seeds in a nursery land, uniformly sowing the pretreated, uniform and full wild peach seeds on a seedbed of the nursery land in the last ten days of 9 months, quickly covering soil with the spacing of 25cm, and the thickness of about 4cm, watering by adopting a spray irrigation method, avoiding the impact on the seeds, and keeping the soil moist;

(4) managing the seedling stage, checking the seedling emergence condition of a seedbed in time after seedling emergence, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, watering, weeding and preventing insects in daily life, mainly manually culturing for about 6 months in a nursery land, and keeping the height of the seedlings to be 38.91 +/-3.30 cm;

(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) lifting seedlings in spring, irrigating the wild peach seedlings on a seedbed of a nursery land 1 week before lifting, ensuring the soil to be moist, enabling a root system and the soil to be easily separated in the lifting process, reducing damage to the root system, and obtaining wild peach seedlings with approximately complete root systems; in late 3 months of the next year, selecting to be carried out after 5 pm in windless cloudy days, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the wild peach seedlings in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in an air root-breaking container, quickly planting the raised wild peach seedlings in the air root-breaking container with proper size in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein 1 plant is arranged in each container, a cultivation substrate used for seedling cultivation in the air root-breaking container is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and water-retaining agents of 1500g/m are respectively added into the substrate according to the proportion³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The seedling raising container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and limits the root system to extend and grow by directly exposing the root system of the wild peach seedling in relatively dry air at the edge of the container, thereby promoting the increase and growth of lateral roots of the seedling, increasing the activity of the root system, increasing the capacity of the root system of the transplanted seedling for absorbing water and nutrients, and realizing the purposes of improving the growth condition of the wild peach seedling and improving the quality of the seedling;

(7) controlling the growth environment conditions, namely controlling the growth environment conditions of the seedling stage of the wild peach cultivated in the container with the root cut off by air, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) finely managing the wild peach seedlings, crossing water every 3d, daily weeding and preventing insects, culturing in an air root-breaking container for 2 months, increasing the lateral roots of the wild peach seedlings, increasing the activity of the roots, ensuring good growth and development conditions of the seedlings, and recovering or increasing the vigor and the activity of the seedlings;

(9) micro-topography land preparation, before planting nursery stocks, carrying out micro-topography land preparation on the afforestation land, removing weeds, shrubs and the like around tree holes, adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the holes by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical hole digging is adopted in a gentle slope place, damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, water and soil loss is prevented, tree holes are 50-60 cm wide, and holes are 35-40 cm deep;

(10) paving meadows, transplanting the wild peach seedlings with soil at the root system to a difficult land for forestation respectively in 6 months, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into straw mats of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness is about 4cm, putting the straw mats into tree holes, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the root systems, the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadows are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved meadows, planting 1 seedling in each tree hole, wherein the planting distance is about 1.5m, and the meadows are utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into deep soil and stored for the wild peach seedlings to absorb and utilize;

(11) and (3) managing and protecting the planted nursery stocks, wherein the nursery stocks are regularly watered and loosened according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the planting land in the early stage after the nursery stocks are planted, peripheral weeds and the like are timely removed for at least 6 times, the growth advantages of the planted nursery stocks of the wild peach are ensured, and the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation is obviously improved.

4. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the afforestation survival rate of ulmus pumila seedlings comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting good Ulmus pumila seeds for pretreatment, washing Ulmus pumila seeds with running tap water for 5 times in late 8 months, standing, removing debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of water surface, soaking in sterile water for 72H, changing water every 24H, and adding 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running water for several times, immersing seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for 8-12 days to expose buds;

(3) sowing white elm seeds in a nursery land, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full white elm seeds with exposed buds on a seedbed of the nursery land in late 9 months, quickly covering soil with the thickness of about 3cm, watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding the impact on the seeds and keeping the soil moist;

(4) managing the seedling stage, checking the seedling emergence condition of a seedbed in time after seedling emergence, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, watering, weeding and preventing insects in daily life, mainly manually culturing for about 6 months in a nursery land, and ensuring the height of the seedlings to be 39.80 +/-4.11 cm;

(5) lifting seedlings in spring, irrigating the ulmus pumila seedlings on the seedbed of the nursery land 1 week before lifting, ensuring that the soil is moist, easily separating the root system from the soil in the lifting process, reducing the damage of the root system and obtaining ulmus pumila seedlings with approximately complete root systems; selecting the seedling after 5 pm in windless cloudy days in late 3 months of the next year, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the ulmus pumila seedling in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in an air root-breaking container, quickly planting 1 seedling in each container in the last ten days of 4 months in an air root-breaking container with a proper size, wherein a cultivation substrate used for seedling cultivation in the air root-breaking container is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and simultaneously adding 1500g/m of water-retaining agent into the substrate according to a ratio³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and the seedling root system of the ulmus pumila is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation and growth of the root system, so that the increase and growth of the lateral roots of the seedling are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capacity of the seedling root system after transplanting for absorbing water and nutrients is increased, and the growth condition of the ulmus pumila seedling and the quality of the seedling are improvedThe purpose is to;

(7) controlling the growth environment conditions, namely controlling the growth environment conditions in the stage of cultivating the ulmus pumila seedlings in an air root-cutting container, controlling the temperature in a greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) finely managing the ulmus pumila seedlings, crossing water every 3d, daily weeding and preventing insects, culturing the ulmus pumila seedlings in an air root-breaking container for 2 months, increasing lateral roots of the ulmus pumila seedlings, increasing the activity of the roots, ensuring that the growth and development conditions of the seedlings are good, and recovering or increasing the vigor and the activity of the seedlings;

(10) paving a meadow, transplanting the ulmus pumila seedlings with soil at the root system to a difficult land for forestation in 6 months, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into a straw turf mat of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness is about 4cm, putting the straw mat into the pits, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the root system, wherein the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadow are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved turf mat, planting 1 seedling in each pit, wherein the planting distance is about 1.5m, increasing the water retention capacity by using the meadow, reducing the water evaporation, facilitating the water in the pits to permeate into the deep soil, preserving and allowing the ulmus pumila seedlings to absorb and utilize;

(11) and (3) managing and protecting the planted seedlings, wherein the seedlings are watered and loosened periodically according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the planting land in the early stage after the seedlings are planted, and peripheral weeds and the like are removed in time for at least 6 times, so that the growth advantage of the planted ulmus pumila seedlings is ensured, and the survival rate of the planted seedlings is obviously improved.

5. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of locust seedling afforestation comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting good Robinia pseudoacacia seed for pretreatment, washing Robinia pseudoacacia seed with running tap water 5 times in late 8 month, standing, and removing floating substancesImmersing the debris and empty particles on the upper layer of the water surface in sterile water for 72 hours, changing water every 24 hours, and then using 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running water for several times, immersing seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for 7-10 days to expose buds;

(3) sowing Robinia pseudoacacia seeds in a nursery land, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full Robinia pseudoacacia seeds with exposed buds on a seedbed of the nursery land in the last 9 ten days, quickly covering soil with the row spacing of 25cm, and the thickness of about 4cm, watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding the impact on the seeds and keeping the soil moist;

(4) managing the seedling stage, checking the seedling emergence condition of a seedbed in time after seedling emergence, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, watering, weeding and preventing insects in daily life, mainly manually culturing for about 6 months in a nursery land, and ensuring that the height of the seedlings is 40.39 +/-5.27 cm;

(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) lifting seedlings in spring, irrigating the locust seedlings on a seedbed of a nursery land 1 week before lifting, ensuring soil to be moist, enabling a root system and the soil to be easily separated in the lifting process, reducing damage to the root system, and obtaining locust seedlings with approximately complete root systems; in late 3 months of the next year, selecting to be carried out after 5 pm in windless cloudy days, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the acacia seedling in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in an air root-cutting container, quickly planting the initial robinia pseudoacacia seedlings into air root-cutting containers with proper sizes in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein 1 plant is arranged in each container, a cultivation substrate used for seedling cultivation in the air root-cutting container is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and water-retaining agents of 1500g/m are respectively added into the substrate according to the proportion³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The stirring is uniform, the water-retaining effect can be achieved,the seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, the robinia pseudoacacia seedling root system is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation and growth of the root system, so that the number of lateral roots of the seedling is increased and the growth is promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capacity of the transplanted seedling root system for absorbing water and nutrients is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the robinia pseudoacacia seedling and improving the quality of the seedling are achieved;

(7) controlling the growth environment conditions, namely controlling the growth environment conditions of the stage of cultivating the locust seedlings in the container with the roots broken by air, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) finely managing the locust seedlings, crossing water every 3d, daily weeding and preventing insects, culturing in an air root-breaking container for 2 months, increasing lateral roots of the root systems of the locust seedlings, increasing the activity of the root systems, ensuring good growth and development conditions of the seedlings, and recovering or increasing the seedling vigor and the activity;

(9) performing micro-terrain soil preparation, performing micro-terrain soil preparation on an afforestation land at the beginning of 4 months before planting the locust seedlings, removing weeds, shrubs and the like around tree pits, adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the pits by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical hole digging can be adopted in a gentle slope place, damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, water and soil loss is prevented, the tree hole is 50-60 cm wide, and the hole depth is 35-40 cm;

(10) paving a meadow, transplanting the locust seedlings with soil at the root system to a difficult land for forestation in 6 months, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into a straw turf mat of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness is about 4cm, putting the straw turf mat into a tree hole, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the root system, wherein the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadow are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved turf mat, planting 1 seedling in each tree hole, wherein the planting distance is about 1.5m, increasing the water retention capacity by using the meadow, reducing the water evaporation, facilitating the water in the hole to permeate into the deep soil, preserving and allowing the locust seedlings to be absorbed and utilized;

(11) and (3) managing and protecting the planted seedlings, wherein the seedlings are watered and loosened periodically according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the planting land in the early stage after the seedlings are planted, and peripheral weeds and the like are removed in time for at least 6 times, so that the growth advantage of the locust seedlings is ensured, and the survival rate of the seedling planting is obviously improved.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the planted seedlings are small, so that the damage to the root system caused by seedling lifting and transportation processes is effectively avoided or reduced, and the seedlings are convenient to carry and transport to an afforestation site; (2) the root breaking by air improves the development condition of the root system, the root system of the seedling is strong and developed, the lateral roots are more and the activity is high, the seedling vigor is neat and strong, the stress resistance and the competitive power of the seedling after afforestation are effectively improved, the success rate of vegetation recovery is improved, the resources are effectively saved, and the ecological benefit is quickly generated; (3) the afforestation cost is low, the seedling raising procedure is quick and efficient, the construction of the afforestation land is convenient, the microenvironment of the afforestation land is effectively improved by transplanting with soil, and nutrients are provided for the initial growth and development of transplanted seedlings; (4) the forestation is carried out in rainy season, the soil humidity of the forestation land is relatively large, the soil moisture is good, the transplanted seedlings are prevented from natural disasters such as drought, and the labor cost is effectively saved; (5) after the meadow is laid, weeds around the planted seedlings can be prevented from breeding, the effects of preserving water and reducing water evaporation are achieved, water can permeate deep soil in the tree pits to be absorbed and utilized by the planted seedlings, soil nutrients are increased after degradation, root systems can be absorbed and utilized conveniently, and the survival rate of seedling forestation exceeds 90%. The invention is especially suitable for planting seedlings and afforesting in places with difficulties such as high mountain slopes, steep soil layers, rock weathering and the like, and brings great convenience to afforestation work.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the first stage of the method for rapidly and efficiently increasing the afforestation survival rate of the wild peach seedlings.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the second stage of the method for rapidly and efficiently increasing the afforestation survival rate of the wild peach seedlings.

The method comprises the following steps of nursery field seedling culture 1, ground 2, a high bed 3, seedling lifting 4, seedling 5 cultured in an air root-breaking container, a greenhouse 6 with good rain shielding, ventilation and light transmission, an air root-breaking container 7, fine management seedling culture 8 and obtaining of robust seedlings 9.

FIG. 3 is a comparison of the morphological characteristics of the root system of an air-rooted seedling and a sapling of Platycladus orientalis.

Wherein, the number indicates that the difference of the root length (a), the root tip number (b), the root surface area (c) and the root volume (d) of the air root-breaking seedling and the continuous root-breaking cypress seedling exists at the level of 0.05. The left column in the figure represents the air-rooted plantlets and the right column represents the nursery stocks.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the root activity of an air cut root nursery stock and an air cut root container Platycladus orientalis nursery stock.

Wherein, the number indicates that the difference of the root system activity of the air root-breaking seedling and the lateral cypress seedling with continuous root is 0.05 level. The left column in the figure represents the air-rooted plantlets and the right column represents the nursery stocks.

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the growth of an air-rooted nursery stock with a nursery stock of Thuja orientalis.

Wherein, the plant height (a) and the ground diameter (b) of the air root-breaking seedlings and the root-breaking cypress seedlings have obvious difference at the level of 0.05. The left column in the figure represents the air-rooted plantlets and the right column represents the nursery stocks.

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the growth of an air-rooted seedling with a non-rooted wild peach seedling.

Wherein, the plant height (a) and the ground diameter (b) of the air root-breaking seedling and the root-breaking wild peach seedling have obvious difference at the level of 0.05. The left column in the figure represents the air-rooted plantlets and the right column represents the nursery stocks.

FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the growth of an air-rooted seedling with a non-rooted ulmus pumila seedling.

Wherein, the plant height (a) and the ground diameter (b) of the air root-breaking seedlings and the white elm seedlings with continuous roots are obviously different at the level of 0.05. The left column in the figure represents the air-rooted plantlets and the right column represents the nursery stocks.

FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the growth of air-rooted plantlets and Robinia pseudoacacia plantlets.

Wherein, the plant height (a) and the ground diameter (b) of the air root-breaking seedlings and the Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings with continuous roots are obviously different at the level of 0.05. The left column in the figure represents the air-rooted plantlets and the right column represents the nursery stocks.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the planting of the strong seedlings cultivated in the nursery land and the air root-cutting refinement stage into the afforestation land.

Detailed description of the invention

The methods and devices used in the following examples of the present invention are conventional methods and devices unless otherwise specified; the equipment and the reagent are all conventional equipment and reagents purchased by a reagent company. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the specific embodiments. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the specific examples. It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the technical solutions of the present invention with unnecessary details, only the technical solutions and/or processing steps closely related to the technical solutions of the present invention are shown in the embodiments, and other details that are not relevant are omitted.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for implementing and managing nursery land seedling culture, air root-cutting refined seedling culture and rainy season afforestation technology, which comprises the following steps:

1. seedling raising stage of nursery land: comprising the steps of 1-5

(1) Selecting excellent seeds for pretreatment. The collected good seeds were stored in a refrigerator (4 ℃) for later use, and the germination percentage and thousand seed weight of the seeds were measured and recorded before sowing. And (4) washing the water surface by using flowing tap water for 5-8 times in late 8 months, standing, and removing debris, empty particles and other impurities floating on the upper layer of the water surface. Then, the tube was immersed in sterile water for 72 hours and the water was changed every 24 hours. Reuse of 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running tap water for several times, soaking the seeds in 40 deg.C distilled water for 48 hr, and changing water every 24 hr. Pouring off water, uniformly mixing the seeds with sterilized wet fine sand without impurities, and placing the mixture in a ventilation condition at room temperature (day/night, 24 ℃/18 ℃) for sand storage, wherein the specific sand storage time is determined according to tree species;

(2) preparing soil for nursery lands. And (5) leveling the surface layer of the land and removing weeds. As shown in fig. 1, dividing the nursery land into high beds with consistent area size (length × width is 1m × 1m), wherein the bed surface is 15-20 cm higher than the footpath, and the width of the footpath is 50 cm;

(3) and (5) sowing in a nursery land. And in late 9 th day, uniformly and fully sowing the pretreated uniform and full outcrop seeds on a seedbed of a nursery land, quickly covering soil with the row spacing of 25cm, and watering thoroughly, wherein the thickness of the outcrop seeds is about 4-5 cm. Watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding impact on seeds and keeping soil moist;

(4) and (5) seedling stage management. After emergence, the emergence condition of the seedbed is checked in time, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, and watering is carried out. Daily weeding and insect prevention are mainly carried out manually. Cultivating in a nursery land for 6 months;

(5) and (5) seedling lifting in spring. Irrigating the seedlings of the nursery land seedbed 1 week before seedling lifting to ensure soil moistening, so that the root system and the soil are easily separated in the seedling lifting process, the damage of the root system is reduced, and the seedlings with approximately complete root systems are obtained, as shown in figure 1. In late 3 months of the next year, selecting to be carried out after 5 pm in windless cloudy days, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the plant in the seedling raising process;

2. the fine seedling stage of air root cutting comprises the steps of 6-8

(6) And (5) cultivating the nursery stock in an air root-cutting container. The seedlings after seedling emergence were quickly planted in air root-broken containers of appropriate size (fig. 2) in the last ten days of 4 months, with 1 seedling in each container. The culture medium used for the air root-cutting container seedling culture is a mixture of farmland soil and turf (the volume ratio is 1: 1). Simultaneously, water retention agents (1500 g/m) are respectively added into the matrix according to the proportion³) The soil activity improver comprises water-soluble slow release fertilizer (5g/L, N: P: K: 6:18:14) and soil activity improver (0.06 mg/cm)³) And soil erosion preventive agent (0.03 mg/cm)³) The stirring is uniform, the water-retaining effect can be achieved, and the root system and the matrix are kept to be agglomerated without being broken and scattered after being separated from the air root-breaking container. The seedling raising container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and the seedling root system is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation growth of the root system, so that the increase and growth of the lateral roots of the seedling are promoted, the capability of the seedling root system absorbing water and nutrients after transplanting is increased, and the purposes of improving the seedling growth condition and improving the seedling quality are realized;

(7) and controlling the growth environment condition. Controlling the growth environment conditions in the seedling raising stage of the air root-cutting container, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) and (5) finely managing the nursery stocks. Water is used every 3 days for daily weeding and insect prevention. The air root-breaking container is used for cultivating for 2 months, the side roots of the plant root system are increased, the activity of the root system is increased, the growth and development conditions of the nursery stock are good, and the seedling vigor and activity are recovered or increased;

3. the technique and management measures for forestation in rainy season include steps 9-11

(9) And (5) finishing the soil in a micro-terrain mode. Before planting the nursery stock (4 months), performing micro-terrain soil preparation on the afforestation land, and removing weeds, shrubs and the like around the tree hole. Adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the hole by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical digging can be adopted in the place with a gentle slope. The damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, and the water and soil loss is prevented. The tree pit width is 50-60 cm, and the pit depth is 35-40 cm;

(10) paving a meadow. And transplanting the arborvitae seedlings with soil on the root systems to the forestation land in 6 months (rainy season). The cultivated nursery stock is sleeved in a straw grass mat (50cm multiplied by 50cm, the thickness is about 4cm) and then placed in a tree pit, the nursery stock is kept upright, and the root system is fully extended. The straws are mainly rice, and the opening size and the direction of the meadows are consistent. Backfilling soil, compacting, and uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the laid straw mat. 1 seedling is planted in each tree hole, and the planting distance is about 1.5 m. The meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into the deep soil for storage and absorption and utilization by the seedlings;

(11) and (5) managing and protecting the planted seedlings. In the early stage (within 3 years) after planting the nursery stock, periodically watering and loosening the soil of the nursery stock according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the planting land, and timely removing peripheral weeds and the like for at least 6 times, so that the growth advantage of the planted nursery stock is ensured, and the survival rate of nursery stock planting is obviously improved.

Example 2

The embodiment provides an application of a method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation in arborvitae, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent arborvitae seed for pretreatment. Arborvitae (Platyladus orientalis)is) the seeds are from the city forest bureau of the economic source in Henan province, the germination rate of the seeds is 92 percent, and the thousand seed weight is 25 g. Washing with running tap water 5 times in late 8 months, standing, and removing debris such as debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of the water surface. Then, the tube was immersed in sterile water for 72 hours and the water was changed every 24 hours. Reuse of 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running tap water for several times, soaking the seeds in 40 deg.C distilled water for 48 hr, and changing water every 24 hr. Pouring off water, uniformly stirring the seeds and sterilized wet fine sand without impurities, and placing the seeds under the ventilation condition of room temperature (day/night, 24 ℃/18 ℃) to expose white after 15-18 days;

(2) preparing soil for nursery lands. The surface layer of the nursery of an ecological test station (34 degrees 43'N and 113 degrees 42' E) of Henan university of agriculture is leveled, and weeds are removed. As shown in fig. 1, dividing the nursery land into high beds with consistent area size (length × width is 1m × 1m), wherein the bed surface is 15-20 cm higher than the footpath, and the width of the footpath is 50 cm;

(3) sowing the seeds of the arborvitae in a nursery land. And in late 9 th month, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full oriental arborvitae seeds on a seedbed of a nursery land, quickly covering soil, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, and the thickness is about 5 cm. Watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding impact on seeds and keeping soil moist;

(4) and (5) seedling stage management. After emergence, the emergence condition of the seedbed is checked in time, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, and watering is carried out. Daily weeding and insect prevention are mainly carried out manually. Cultivating in nursery land for about 6 months with the height of seedling (10.86 +/-2.14) cm;

(5) and (5) seedling lifting in spring. The arborvitae seedlings of the nursery bed are irrigated 1 week before the seedlings are lifted, so that the soil is moist, the root system and the soil are easily separated in the seedling lifting process, the damage to the root system is reduced, and arborvitae seedlings with approximately complete root systems are obtained, as shown in figure 1. In late 3 months of the next year, selecting to be carried out after 5 pm in windless cloudy days, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the arborvitae nursery stock in the seedling lifting process;

(6) and (5) cultivating the nursery stock in an air root-cutting container. The nursery stock of the oriental arborvitae after seedling emergence was quickly planted in air root-broken containers (fig. 2) of appropriate size in the last ten days of 4 months, 1 in each container. Culture medium for air root-cutting container seedling cultureThe quality is a mixture of farmland soil and turf (volume ratio is 1: 1). Simultaneously, water retention agents (1500 g/m) are respectively added into the matrix according to the proportion³) The soil activity improver comprises water-soluble slow release fertilizer (5g/L, N: P: K: 6:18:14) and soil activity improver (0.06 mg/cm)³) And soil erosion preventive agent (0.03 mg/cm)³) The stirring is uniform, the water-retaining effect can be achieved, and the root system and the matrix of the arborvitae are kept to be agglomerated without being broken and scattered after being separated from the air root-breaking container. The seedling raising container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, the root system of the arborvitae seedling is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container, and the elongation growth of the root system is limited, so that the increase and the growth of the quantity of arborvitae roots are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capacity of the transplanted arborvitae root system for absorbing water and nutrients is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the arborvitae seedling and improving the quality of the seedling are achieved;

(7) and controlling the growth environment condition. Controlling the growth environment conditions of the arborvitae seedling stage cultivated in the container with the roots broken by air, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) and (5) finely managing the arborvitae seedlings. Water is used every 3 days for daily weeding and insect prevention. After 2 months of cultivation in an air root-breaking container, the root system of the arborvitae seedling is increased (figure 3), the root activity is increased (figure 4), the growth and development conditions of the seedling are good (figure 5), and the seedling vigor and the activity are recovered or increased;

(9) and (5) finishing the soil in a micro-terrain mode. Before planting the arborvitae seedlings, performing micro-terrain soil preparation on an afforestation land at the beginning of 4 months, and removing weeds, shrubs and the like around a tree hole. Adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the hole by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical digging can be adopted in the place with a gentle slope. The damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, and the water and soil loss is prevented. The tree pit width is 50-60 cm, and the pit depth is 35-40 cm;

(10) paving a meadow. In 6 months (rainy season), the Chinese arborvitae seedlings with soil on the root systems are respectively transplanted to difficult forestation lands (34 degrees 57'N and 112 degrees 20' E) in the economic city of Henan and difficult forestation lands (34 degrees 16-34 degrees 42'N and 111 degrees 26-111 degrees 45' E) in the Yiyang county of Luoyang city. The cultivated nursery stock is sleeved in a straw grass mat (50cm multiplied by 50cm, the thickness is about 4cm) and then placed in a tree pit, the nursery stock is kept upright, and the root system is fully extended. The straw is mainly rice, and the opening size and direction of the meadow are consistent (fig. 9). Backfilling soil, compacting, and uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the laid straw mat. As shown in FIG. 9, 1 seedling was planted in each hole at a planting distance of about 1.5 m. The meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into the deep soil for storage and can be absorbed and utilized by the platycladus orientalis seedlings;

(11) and (5) managing and protecting the planted seedlings. In the early stage (within 3 years) after planting, periodically watering and loosening the seedlings according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the planting land, and timely removing peripheral weeds and the like for at least 6 times to ensure the growth advantages of the planted arborvitae seedlings, wherein the survival rate of the seedling planting is respectively as high as 94% and 95%.

Example 3

The embodiment provides an application of a method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation in wild peaches, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent wild peach seeds for pretreatment. The wild peach (Prunus davidiana) seeds are from the Ministry of agriculture and forestry in Henan province, the germination rate of the seeds is 90 percent, and the thousand-grain weight is 185 g. Washing with running tap water 5 times in late 8 months, standing, and removing debris such as debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of the water surface. Then, the tube was immersed in sterile water for 72 hours and the water was changed every 24 hours. Reuse of 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running tap water for several times, soaking the seeds in 40 deg.C distilled water for 48 hr, and changing water every 24 hr. Pouring off water, uniformly stirring the seeds and sterilized wet fine sand without impurities, and placing the seeds under the ventilation condition of room temperature (day/night, 24 ℃/18 ℃) to expose white after about 30-45 days;

(3) and (5) sowing wild peach seeds in a nursery land. And in late 9 th month, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full wild peach seeds on a seedbed of a nursery land, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, and the soil is quickly covered, and the thickness is about 4 cm. Watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding impact on seeds and keeping soil moist;

(4) and (5) seedling stage management. After emergence, the emergence condition of the seedbed is checked in time, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, and watering is carried out. Daily weeding and insect prevention are mainly carried out manually. Cultivating in nursery land for about 6 months with the height of seedling (38.91 +/-3.30) cm;

(5) and (5) seedling lifting in spring. Irrigating the wild peach seedlings on the seedbed of the nursery land 1 week before seedling lifting to ensure soil moistening, so that the root system and the soil are easily separated in the seedling lifting process, the damage of the root system is reduced, and the wild peach seedlings with approximately complete root systems are obtained, as shown in figure 1. In late 3 months of the next year, selecting to be carried out after 5 pm in windless cloudy days, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the wild peach seedlings in the seedling lifting process;

(6) and (5) cultivating the nursery stock in an air root-cutting container. Rapidly planting the seedling of the wild peach after seedling emergence into air root-broken containers with proper size (figure 2) in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein 1 plant is arranged in each container. The culture medium used for the air root-cutting container seedling culture is a mixture of farmland soil and turf (the volume ratio is 1: 1). Simultaneously, water retention agents (1500 g/m) are respectively added into the matrix according to the proportion³) The soil activity improver comprises water-soluble slow release fertilizer (5g/L, N: P: K: 6:18:14) and soil activity improver (0.06 mg/cm)³) And soil erosion preventive agent (0.03 mg/cm)³) The mixing is uniform, the water-retaining effect can be achieved, and the root system and the matrix of the wild peach are kept to be agglomerated without being broken and scattered after being separated from the air root-breaking container. The seedling raising container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and the root system of the wild peach seedlings is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation growth of the root system, so that the increase and the growth of the lateral roots of the seedlings are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capacity of the seedling root system to absorb water and nutrients after transplanting is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the wild peach seedlings and improving the quality of the seedlings are realized;

(7) and controlling the growth environment condition. Controlling the growth environment conditions of the seedling stage of wild peach cultivated in the container with the root cut off by air, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) and finely managing the wild peach seedlings. Water is used every 3 days for daily weeding and insect prevention. 2, cultivating for 2 months in an air root-breaking container, increasing lateral roots of the seedling of the wild peach, increasing the activity of the root system, ensuring good growth and development conditions of the seedling (figure 6), and recovering or increasing the seedling vigor and activity;

(9) and (5) finishing the soil in a micro-terrain mode. Before planting the wild peach seedlings, performing micro-terrain soil preparation on an afforestation land at the beginning of 4 months, and removing weeds, shrubs and the like around a tree hole. Adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the hole by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical digging can be adopted in the place with a gentle slope. The damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, and the water and soil loss is prevented. The tree pit width is 50-60 cm, and the pit depth is 35-40 cm;

(10) paving a meadow. The wild peach seedlings with soil on the root systems are respectively transplanted to difficult forestation lands (34 degrees 57'N and 112 degrees 20' E) in the economic city of Henan and difficult forestation lands (33 degrees 49-34 degrees 21'N and 112 degrees 8-112 degrees 38' E) in the Ruyang county of Luoyang in 6 months (rainy season). The cultivated nursery stock is sleeved in a straw grass mat (50cm multiplied by 50cm, the thickness is about 4cm) and then placed in a tree pit, the nursery stock is kept upright, and the root system is fully extended. The straw is mainly rice, and the opening size and direction of the meadow are consistent (fig. 9). Backfilling soil, compacting, and uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the laid straw mat. As shown in FIG. 9, 1 seedling was planted in each hole at a planting distance of about 1.5 m. The meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into the deep soil for storage and can be absorbed and utilized by the wild peach seedlings;

(11) and (5) managing and protecting the planted seedlings. In the early stage (within 3 years) after planting, periodically watering and loosening the seedlings according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the forestation land, and timely removing peripheral weeds and the like for at least 6 times to ensure the growth advantages of the planted wild peach seedlings, wherein the survival rate of the seedling forestation is respectively up to 90% and 92%.

Example 4

The embodiment provides an application of a method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation in ulmus pumila, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent ulmus pumila seeds for pretreatment. Ulmus pumila (Ulmus pumimala) seeds are from the city forest Bureau of economic resources in Henan provinceThe germination rate of the seeds is 87%, and the thousand seed weight is 9 g. Washing with running tap water 5 times in late 8 months, standing, and removing debris such as debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of the water surface. Then, the tube was immersed in sterile water for 72 hours and the water was changed every 24 hours. Reuse of 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running tap water for several times, soaking the seeds in 40 deg.C distilled water for 48 hr, and changing water every 24 hr. Pouring water, uniformly stirring the seeds and sterilized wet fine sand without impurities, and placing the seeds at room temperature (day/night, 24 ℃/18 ℃) for about 8-12 days under ventilation;

(3) sowing seeds of ulmus pumila in a nursery land. And in late 9 th month, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full white elm seeds with exposed buds on a seedbed of a nursery land, quickly covering soil, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, and the thickness is about 4 cm. Watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding impact on seeds and keeping soil moist;

(4) and (5) seedling stage management. After emergence, the emergence condition of the seedbed is checked in time, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, and watering is carried out. Daily weeding and insect prevention are mainly carried out manually. Cultivating in nursery land for about 6 months with the height of (39.80 + -4.11) cm;

(5) and (5) seedling lifting in spring. Irrigating the ulmus pumila seedlings on the seedbed of the nursery land 1 week before lifting the seedlings to ensure that the soil is moist, so that the root system and the soil are easily separated in the seedling lifting process, the damage to the root system is reduced, and the ulmus pumila seedlings with approximately complete root systems are obtained, as shown in figure 1. Selecting the seedling after 5 pm in windless cloudy days in late 3 months of the next year, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the ulmus pumila seedling in the seedling lifting process;

(6) and (5) cultivating the nursery stock in an air root-cutting container. The seedling of the ulmus pumila after seedling emergence is quickly planted in air root-broken containers with proper size (figure 2) in the last ten days of 4 months, and 1 seedling is planted in each container. The culture medium for seedling culture in container with broken root by air is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf (volume ratio 1:1)A compound (I) is provided. Simultaneously, water retention agents (1500 g/m) are respectively added into the matrix according to the proportion³) The soil activity improver comprises water-soluble slow release fertilizer (5g/L, N: P: K: 6:18:14) and soil activity improver (0.06 mg/cm)³) And soil erosion preventive agent (0.03 mg/cm)³) The mixture is stirred evenly, which not only can achieve the effect of water retention, but also can keep the root system and the matrix of the white elm to be agglomerated without breaking and scattering after being separated from the air root-breaking container. The seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and the root system of the ulmus pumila seedling is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation growth of the root system, so that the increase and growth of the lateral roots of the seedling are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capacity of the seedling root system to absorb water and nutrients after transplanting is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the ulmus pumila seedling and improving the quality of the seedling are realized;

(7) and controlling the growth environment condition. Controlling the growth environment conditions of the seedling stage of cultivating the ulmus pumila in the container with the roots broken by air, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) and finely managing the ulmus pumila seedlings. Water is used every 3 days for daily weeding and insect prevention. After 2 months of cultivation in the air root-breaking container, the lateral roots of the ulmus pumila seedlings are increased, the activity of the roots is increased, the growth and development conditions of the seedlings are good (figure 7), and the seedling vigor and activity are restored or increased;

(9) and (5) finishing the soil in a micro-terrain mode. Before planting the nursery stock, performing micro-terrain soil preparation on the afforestation land at the beginning of 4 months, and removing weeds, shrubs and the like around the tree hole. Adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the hole by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical digging can be adopted in the place with a gentle slope. The damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, and the water and soil loss is prevented. The tree pit width is 50-60 cm, and the pit depth is 35-40 cm;

(10) paving a meadow. The white elm seedlings with soil on the root systems are transplanted to difficult forestation lands (34 degrees 57'N and 112 degrees 20' E) in the economic city of Henan in 6 months (rainy season). The cultivated nursery stock is sleeved in a straw grass mat (50cm multiplied by 50cm, the thickness is about 4cm) and then placed in a tree pit, the nursery stock is kept upright, and the root system is fully extended. The straw is mainly rice, and the opening size and direction of the meadow are consistent (fig. 9). Backfilling soil, compacting, and uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the laid straw mat. As shown in FIG. 9, 1 seedling was planted in each hole at a planting distance of about 1.5 m. The meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into the deep soil and stored for the white elm seedlings to absorb and utilize;

(11) and (5) managing and protecting the planted seedlings. In the early stage (within 3 years) after planting, periodically watering and loosening the seedlings according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the planting land, and timely removing peripheral weeds and the like for at least 6 times to ensure the growth advantages of the planted ulmus pumila seedlings and ensure that the survival rate of seedling planting reaches 91 percent respectively.

Example 5

The embodiment provides an application of a method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation in robinia pseudoacacia, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent locust seeds for pretreatment. Robiniapseudoacacia (Robiniapseudoacacia) seeds are from the economic forest industry of Henan province, the germination rate of the seeds is 85%, and the thousand seed weight is 127 g. Washing with running tap water 5 times in late 8 months, standing, and removing debris such as debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of the water surface. Then, the tube was immersed in sterile water for 72 hours and the water was changed every 24 hours. Reuse of 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running tap water for several times, soaking the seeds in 40 deg.C distilled water for 48 hr, and changing water every 24 hr. Pouring water, uniformly stirring the seeds and sterilized wet fine sand without impurities, and placing the seeds at room temperature (day/night, 24 ℃/18 ℃) for about 30-45 days under ventilation;

(3) robinia pseudoacacia seeds are sowed in a nursery land. And in late 9 th month, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full locust seeds with exposed buds on a seedbed of a nursery land, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, and quickly covering soil with the thickness of about 4 cm. Watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method, avoiding impact on seeds and keeping soil moist;

(4) and (5) seedling stage management. After emergence, the emergence condition of the seedbed is checked in time, thinning and replenishing seedlings in due time, and watering is carried out. Daily weeding and insect prevention are mainly carried out manually. Cultivating in nursery land for about 6 months with the height of (40.39 + -5.27) cm;

(5) and (5) seedling lifting in spring. Irrigating the locust seedlings on the seedbed of the nursery land 1 week before seedling lifting to ensure soil moistening, so that the root system and the soil are easily separated in the seedling lifting process, the damage of the root system is reduced, and the locust seedlings with approximately complete root systems are obtained, as shown in figure 1. In late 3 months of the next year, selecting to be carried out after 5 pm in windless cloudy days, and avoiding damaging the overground part of the acacia seedling in the seedling lifting process;

(6) and (5) cultivating the nursery stock in an air root-cutting container. The acacia seedlings after seedling emergence were quickly planted in air root-broken containers of appropriate size (fig. 2) in the last ten days of 4 months, with 1 plant in each container. The culture medium used for the air root-cutting container seedling culture is a mixture of farmland soil and turf (the volume ratio is 1: 1). Simultaneously, water retention agents (1500 g/m) are respectively added into the matrix according to the proportion³) The soil activity improver comprises water-soluble slow release fertilizer (5g/L, N: P: K: 6:18:14) and soil activity improver (0.06 mg/cm)³) And soil erosion preventive agent (0.03 mg/cm)³) The stirring is uniform, the water-retaining effect can be achieved, and the root system and the matrix of the robinia pseudoacacia can be kept to be agglomerated without being broken and scattered after being separated from the air root-breaking container. The seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, the root system of the locust tree seedling is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container, and the elongation growth of the root system is limited, so that the increase and the growth of the lateral roots of the seedling are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capability of the seedling root system absorbing water and nutrients after transplanting is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the locust tree seedling and improving the quality of the seedling are realized;

(7) and controlling the growth environment condition. Controlling the growth environmental conditions of the seedling stage of cultivating the robinia pseudoacacia in the air root-cutting container, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-33 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 50-65% and controlling the sunshine duration to be 12-14 h;

(8) and finely managing the locust seedlings. Water is used every 3 days for daily weeding and insect prevention. The container with the broken roots is cultivated for 2 months in the air, the lateral roots of the root system of the locust tree are increased, the activity of the root system is increased, the growth and development conditions of the tree are good (figure 8), and the seedling vigor and the activity are recovered or increased;

(10) paving a meadow. The robinia pseudoacacia seedlings with soil on the root systems are respectively transplanted to difficult forestation lands (34 degrees 57'N and 112 degrees 20' E) in economic cities in Henan and difficult forestation lands (33 degrees 49-34 degrees 21'N and 112 degrees 8-112 degrees 38' E) in Ruyang county in Luoyang in 6 months (rainy season). The cultivated nursery stock is sleeved in a straw grass mat (50cm multiplied by 50cm, the thickness is about 4cm) and then placed in a tree pit, the nursery stock is kept upright, and the root system is fully extended. The straw is mainly rice, and the opening size and direction of the meadow are consistent (fig. 9). Backfilling soil, compacting, and uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the laid straw mat. As shown in FIG. 9, 1 seedling was planted in each hole at a planting distance of about 1.5 m. The meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into the deep soil for storage and can be absorbed and utilized by the locust seedlings;

(11) and (5) managing and protecting the planted seedlings. In the early stage (within 3 years) after planting, periodically watering and loosening the seedlings according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the forestation land, and timely removing peripheral weeds and the like for at least 6 times to ensure the growth advantages of the planted locust seedlings, wherein the survival rate of the seedling forestation is respectively up to 92% and 90%.

A large number of seedlings can be obtained by seedling raising in a nursery land, and the method is applied to mass production and effectively saves the afforestation cost. In the early stage of seedling raising in nursery lands, seedling seeds with good quality are preferably selected, which is the premise of cultivating robust seedlings; the uniform and full seedling seeds are pretreated, and the seedlings are sown after the seedlings are exposed to the white, so that the seeds can be saved, the sowing amount can be reduced, the germination rate can be improved, and the seedlings can emerge neatly and uniformly; the nursery land is leveled, the seedbed is adopted for seedling culture, the seedling culture management such as irrigation and weeding is facilitated, and the land and manpower are effectively saved; irrigate the nursery land before lifting the seedling, can save labour and save time, be favorable to again that nursery stock root system and soil are easy to be separated, obtain the nursery stock of more complete root system, improve the nursery stock quality of transplanting. In addition, the time (seedling age) for cultivating the seedlings in the nursery land is limited, so that the root systems of the seedlings are small in size, the damage of the root systems of the seedlings in the seedling lifting process can be reduced or avoided, the transportation and the transportation are convenient, and the continuous cultivation by utilizing an air root-breaking container is facilitated; the seedling is cultivated by utilizing an air root cutting technology container, the elongation growth of the root system is limited by exposing the root system of the seedling in relatively dry air, the number and the physiological activity of lateral roots are obviously increased, the growth and the development of the root system of the seedling are promoted, the structure of the root system is improved, the growth conditions such as temperature, humidity and the like are controlled, and the seedling reviving time can be shortened by combining the fine seedling management measures, the seedling growth is robust, the growth vigor and the vitality of the seedling are increased, and the stress resistance and the competitiveness of the seedling after afforestation are enhanced; the method comprises the steps of performing micro-terrain land preparation on a forestation land, selecting a rainy season according to the standing conditions and rainfall conditions of the forestation land, transplanting robust seedlings cultivated through nursery cultivation and air root-breaking fine cultivation to the difficult forestation land with soil, further combining seedling management and protection measures, improving the survival rate of forestation seedlings, saving the forestation cost and promoting forest ecological construction.

The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present application and it is noted that numerous modifications and adaptations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present application and are intended to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of nursery stock afforestation is characterized by comprising a nursery land seedling raising stage, an air root-breaking refined seedling raising stage and a rain season afforestation technology implementation and management stage, wherein the nursery land seedling raising stage comprises the following steps: (1) selecting excellent seeds for pretreatment, (2) preparing land in a nursery, (3) sowing the land in the nursery, (4) managing the seedling stage, and (5) lifting seedlings in spring; the air root-cutting fine seedling raising stage comprises the following steps: (6) cultivating nursery stocks in an air root-cutting container, (7) controlling growth environment conditions, and (8) finely managing the nursery stocks; the implementation and management stage of the rain season afforestation technology comprises the following steps: (9) preparing soil in a micro-terrain, (10) paving meadows, and (11) planting nursery stock and protecting pipes.

2. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of arborvitae nursery stock in afforestation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent arborvitae seed for pretreatment: washing Platycladus orientalis seed with flowing tap water for 5 times, standing, removing debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of water surface, soaking in sterile water for 72 hr, changing water every 24 hr, and adding 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running tap water for several times, immersing seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for 15-18 d to expose white;

(3) sowing the platycladus orientalis seeds in a nursery, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full platycladus orientalis seeds on a seedbed of the nursery, quickly covering soil with the row spacing of 25cm and the thickness of about 5cm, watering by adopting a spray irrigation method, avoiding the impact on the seeds and keeping the soil moist;

(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) lifting seedlings in spring, wherein before lifting, the arborvitae seedlings on a seedbed of a nursery land are irrigated, so that the soil is ensured to be moist, the root system and the soil are easily separated in the lifting process, the damage to the root system is reduced, and arborvitae seedlings with approximately complete root systems are obtained; avoiding damaging the overground part of the arborvitae seedling in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in air root-breaking containers, quickly planting the raised arborvitae seedlings in air root-breaking containers with proper size, 1 seedling in each container, and cultivating seedlings in the air root-breaking containersThe matrix is a mixture of farmland soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and simultaneously, water-retaining agents of 1500g/m are respectively added into the matrix according to the proportion³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and the root system of the arborvitae seedling is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation and growth of the root system, so that the increase and growth of the quantity of the arborvitae roots are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capacity of the transplanted arborvitae root system for absorbing water and nutrients is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the arborvitae seedling and improving the quality of the seedling are realized;

(10) paving a meadow, transplanting arborvitae seedlings with soil on roots to a difficult place for forestation, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into a straw turf mat of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness of the straw turf mat is about 4cm, putting the straw turf mat into a pit, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the roots, wherein the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadow are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved turf mat, planting 1 plant in each pit, and ensuring that the planting distance is about 1.5m, and the meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the pit can be favorably infiltrated into deep soil for storage and can be absorbed and utilized by the arborvitae seedlings;

3. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the afforestation survival rate of wild peach seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting good wild peach seeds for pretreatment, washing the wild peach seeds with flowing tap water for 5 times, standing, removing debris such as debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of the water surface, then immersing in sterile water for 72 hours, changing water every 24 hours, and then using 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, cleaning with running tap water for several times, soaking the seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing the seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for about 30-45 d to expose white;

(3) sowing wild peach seeds in a nursery land, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full wild peach seeds on a seedbed of the nursery land, quickly covering soil with the line spacing of 25cm, and watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method to avoid the impact on the seeds and keep the soil moist, wherein the thickness of the seed is about 4 cm;

(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) lifting seedlings in spring, irrigating wild peach seedlings on a seedbed of a nursery land before lifting the seedlings, ensuring soil to be moist, enabling a root system and the soil to be easily separated in the lifting process, reducing damage to the root system, and obtaining wild peach seedlings with approximately complete root systems; the damage to the overground part of the wild peach seedlings is avoided in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in an air root-breaking container, quickly planting the raised wild peach seedlings into air root-breaking containers with proper sizes, wherein 1 plant is arranged in each container, a cultivation substrate used for seedling cultivation in the air root-breaking container is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and water-retaining agents of 1500g/m are respectively added into the substrate according to a proportion³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The seedling raising container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and limits the root system to extend and grow by directly exposing the root system of the wild peach seedling in relatively dry air at the edge of the container, thereby promoting the increase and growth of lateral roots of the seedling, increasing the activity of the root system, increasing the capacity of the root system of the transplanted seedling for absorbing water and nutrients, and realizing the purposes of improving the growth condition of the wild peach seedling and improving the quality of the seedling;

(10) paving a meadow, transplanting the wild peach seedlings with soil on the root systems to a difficult land for forestation, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into straw turf mats of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness of the straw turf mats is about 4cm, placing the straw turf mats into tree holes, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the root systems, wherein the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadow are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved turf mats, planting 1 plant in each tree hole, and ensuring the planting distance of the seedlings to be about 1.5m, wherein the meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the evaporation of water, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into deep soil for storage and can be absorbed and utilized by the wild peach seedlings;

4. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the afforestation survival rate of ulmus pumila seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent Ulmus pumila seeds for pretreatment, washing Ulmus pumila seeds with flowing tap water for 5 times, standing, removing debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of water surface, soaking in sterile water for 72 hr, changing water every 24 hr, and adding 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running water for several times, immersing seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for 8-12 days to expose buds;

(3) sowing ulmus pumila seeds in a nursery, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full ulmus pumila seeds with exposed buds on a seedbed of the nursery, quickly covering soil with the spacing of 25cm, and watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method to avoid the impact on the seeds and keep the soil moist;

(5) lifting seedlings in spring, irrigating the ulmus pumila seedlings on a seedbed of a nursery land before lifting the seedlings, ensuring the soil to be moist, easily separating a root system from the soil in the seedling lifting process, reducing damage to the root system and obtaining ulmus pumila seedlings with approximately complete root systems; the overground part of the ulmus pumila seedling is prevented from being damaged in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in an air root-breaking container, quickly planting the raised ulmus pumila seedlings into air root-breaking containers with proper sizes, wherein 1 seedling is arranged in each container, a cultivation substrate used for seedling cultivation in the air root-breaking container is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and water-retaining agents of 1500g/m are respectively added into the substrate according to a proportion³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and limits the root system to elongate and grow by directly exposing the root system of the ulmus pumila seedling in relatively dry air at the edge of the container, thereby promoting the increase and growth of lateral roots of the seedling, increasing the activity of the root system, increasing the capacity of the root system of the seedling after transplanting to absorb water and nutrients, and realizing the purposes of improving the growth condition of the ulmus pumila seedling and improving the quality of the seedling;

(10) paving a meadow, transplanting the ulmus pumila seedlings with soil on roots to a difficult land for forestation, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into a straw turf mat of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness of the straw turf mat is about 4cm, putting the straw turf mat into pits, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the roots, wherein the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadow are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved turf mat, planting 1 plant in each pit, and ensuring the planting distance to be about 1.5m, wherein the meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the pits can be favorably infiltrated into deep soil for storage and can be absorbed and utilized by the ulmus pumila seedlings;

5. A method for rapidly and efficiently improving the survival rate of locust seedling afforestation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting excellent Robinia pseudoacacia seed for pretreatment, washing Robinia pseudoacacia seed with flowing tap water for 5 times, standing, removing debris such as debris and empty particles floating on the upper layer of water surface, soaking in sterile water for 72 hr, changing water every 24 hr, and adding 3% H₂O₂Sterilizing for 30min, washing with running water for several times, immersing seeds in distilled water at 40 deg.C for 48h, changing water every 24h, pouring out water, mixing seeds with sterilized and impurity-free wet fine sand, and standing at room temperature under ventilation condition for 7-10 days to expose buds;

(3) sowing Robinia pseudoacacia seeds in a nursery, uniformly sowing the pretreated uniform and full Robinia pseudoacacia seeds with exposed buds on a seedbed of the nursery, quickly covering soil with the row spacing of 25cm, and watering by adopting a sprinkling irrigation method to avoid the impact on the seeds and keep the soil moist;

(5) the method comprises the following steps of (1) lifting seedlings in spring, irrigating the locust seedlings on a seedbed of a nursery land before lifting the seedlings, ensuring the soil to be moist, enabling a root system and the soil to be easily separated in the lifting process, reducing damage to the root system, and obtaining locust seedlings with approximately complete root systems; the damage to the overground part of the locust seedlings is avoided in the seedling lifting process;

(6) cultivating seedlings in an air root-breaking container, quickly planting the raised locust seedlings into air root-breaking containers with proper sizes, wherein 1 plant is arranged in each container, a cultivation substrate used for seedling cultivation in the air root-breaking container is a mixture of cultivated land soil and turf in a volume ratio of 1:1, and water-retaining agents of 1500g/m are respectively added into the substrate according to a proportion³5g/L of water-soluble slow release fertilizer, 6:18:14 of N: P: K and 0.06mg/cm of soil activity improver³And 0.03mg/cm soil erosion preventive agent³The seedling culture container in the step utilizes the technical principle of air root cutting, and the root system of the locust seedling is directly exposed in relatively dry air at the edge of the container to limit the elongation and growth of the root system, so that the increase and growth of the lateral roots of the seedling are promoted, the activity of the root system is increased, the capability of the seedling root system after transplanting absorbing water and nutrients is increased, and the purposes of improving the growth condition of the locust seedling and improving the quality of the seedling are realized;

(9) micro-topography soil preparation, before planting locust seedlings, carrying out micro-topography soil preparation on a forestation land, removing weeds, shrubs and the like around tree pits, adopting manual hole digging, and loosening soil in the pits by using a poplar pick and an electric hammer; mechanical hole digging can be adopted in a gentle slope place, damage to the original vegetation is reduced as much as possible, water and soil loss is prevented, the tree hole is 50-60 cm wide, and the hole depth is 35-40 cm;

(10) paving a meadow, transplanting the locust seedlings with soil on the root system to a difficult land for forestation, sleeving the cultivated seedlings into a straw turf mat of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, wherein the thickness of the straw turf mat is about 4cm, putting the straw turf mat into a tree hole, keeping the seedlings upright, fully extending the root system, wherein the straws are mainly rice, the opening size and the direction of the meadow are consistent, backfilling the soil, treading the soil, uniformly covering 3cm of soil on the paved turf mat, planting 1 plant in each tree hole, and ensuring the planting distance to be about 1.5m, wherein the meadow is utilized to increase the water retention capacity and reduce the water evaporation, so that the water in the holes can be favorably infiltrated into deep soil for storage and can be absorbed and utilized by the locust seedlings;