CN108450222A - A method of improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality - Google Patents
A method of improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality, including sprout cultivating, Light media container nursery, forest land cleaning and site preparation, planting by stock, look into seedling after-culture and tending ot young growth process, using two-stages seeding, root is cut in sprout transplanting, Light media container nursery air root relief, to inhibit main root to grow, growth-promoting multistage lateral root simultaneously forms a large amount of root balls, and resistance is strong.15~20cm of height of seedling can be out of the garden afforestation, shorten growing-seedling period, save production cost, improve production efficiency, realize scale, specialization, industrialization production.Seedling transpiration area is small, is kept in vivo compared with high-moisture percentage with matrix, band plastic bag cultivation is planted, and root is not hindered, and is buried i.e. long, no seedling-slowing stage, the surrival rate of afforestation >=95%.Seedling has no mechanical damage, and apical dominance is apparent, and growth is rapid, is conducive to culture trunk, cultivates high quality fast-growing, high-yield woods.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tending technique fields, are related to a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality.
Background technology
Alnus formosana Plantation (Alnus formosana) also known as son water Ke, Taiwan alder, water willow Ke belong to Betulaceae Alder and fall
Leaf megaphanerophyte, it is high up to 20m or more, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 30cm.Taiwan originating in China, NATURAL DISTRIBUTION in the level land of 200~3000m of height above sea level,
The foot of a mountain, river valley, small stream side and avalanche, light, happiness is water-fast wet, barren-resistant, and with certain Drought resistance, wide adaptability is
Excellent water and soil conservation and water conservation seeds.Alnus formosana Plantation well developed root system, therewith the Frankia of mutualism can consolidate
Determine the molecular nitrogen in air, enhances woodland fertility, be important pioneer's reproducting tree species.Alnus formosana Plantation growth is fast, dry-shaped straight,
Timber is soft, and texture is straight, good toughness, easily processed into type, belongs to two level merchantable timber, be ideal short-cycle industrial material seeds and
Energy seeds.The huge application potential of Alnus formosana Plantation and market value gradually cause the extensive concern of scholars.
South Africa is in nineteen eighty-two Introduced Taiwan alder, life in the 8 years optimal high 20m of isolated tree, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 27.8cm, volume of timber year increment
15m3·hm-2, show vigorous growth potential, it is considered to be the most potential commercial reproducting tree species in South Africa.China Fujian, four
The provinces such as river, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi introduce a fine variety and successful in succession, but there is also some very important problems,
It is mainly shown as that afforestation technology is immature.According to the literature, the general seeding and seedling raising in March of Alnus formosana Plantation, lifting was out of the garden and made March next year
Woods.1 year raw 80~150cm of height of seedling, to reduce nursery stock transpiration area, water balance in keeping body takes bare-root seeding to cut in production
Dry afforestation, cutting strunk height 15cm (along research [J] Fujian Forestry Inst. of Alnus formosana Plantations introduction planting and its ability of increasing fertilizer learn by Zou's height
Report, 1995,15 (2):112~117；The Alnus formosana Plantations ecological and biological characteristic such as Wang Jinxi and introduce a fine variety the Sichuan promotion prospect [J]
Forestry science and technology, 2000,21 (4):16~19.), cutting strunk height 40cm (the Alnus formosana Plantations ecological and biological characteristic such as Wang Jinxi and draws
Kind cultivation technique [J] Sichuan Forestry science and technology, 2004,25 (1):36~41.), cutting strunk height 60cm (broadcast by the small Alnus formosana Plantations of building of poplar
Kind seedling-raising technique architectural study [D] Sichuan Agricultural Universities, 2007:6.), it is (handsome to set into equal platforms to be no more than height of seedling 1/4 for cutting strunk height
Gulf alder afforestation technology [J] Sichuan Forestries science and technology, 2012,33 (1):40~42.), opinions vary, there is no final conclusion, Afforestation Quality
It is difficult to ensure.
Adaptability for exploration Alnus formosana Plantation in Guangxi, Inst. of Forestry Science, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region undertake implementation in succession
Guangxi forestry science and technology project " Alnus formosana Plantation is introduced a fine variety and regional testing is demonstrated ", " research of Alnus formosana Plantation Progeny Seedlings of Elite Trees regional testing "
With Guangxi science and technology plan item " Alnus formosana Plantation germplasm innovation with Sustainable Operation key technology research " etc., by constantly bringing forth new ideas and
Optimum Experiment scheme tentatively summarizes a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality.
Invention content
The purpose of the invention is to optimizing Alnus formosana Plantation Cultivating techniques, provides and a kind of improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality
Method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme：
A method of improve Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality, including sprout cultivating, Light media container nursery, forest land cleaning with
Seedling after-culture and tending ot young growth process are looked into site preparation, planting by stock, and concrete operation step is as follows：
(1) sprout cultivating：Select traffic, water power convenient, topography is gentle, and soil layer is deep, and quality is loose, subacidity to micro- alkali
The sandy loam or loam of property are with doing garden；Late September turns over, rakes the soil level, and removes stone and grass roots, erects seedbed, and grogs fine crushing is put down
Whole bed surface, by seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, 3~4gm of application rate-2, the baked wheaten cake soil of sieving is covered, thickness is to lose seed
Degree is sprayed in due course, keeps ground moistening；High temperature season uses plastic house sunshade net, and shading, cooling, moisturizing, anti-heavy rain are low
Sunshade net under warm season Jie Zesa, changes plastic film, heat preservation, frost prevention, antifreeze；The 3rd week seed starts to germinate and be unearthed after broadcasting, and the 10th
Zhou Youmiao has grown 4 true leaves, has certain resistance, transplants in batches；
(2) Light media container nursery：Every is neatly put 2 row's raising trays, and non-woven container is emitted in raising tray,
Spaced 1~2cm, pallet make somebody a mere figurehead container between container, away from ground 4cm, to realize air root relief；The selection cloudy day or fine
Its early, evening transplanting, with rising with cultivation；12h irrigates container matrix and seedbed before transplanting, gently levers up sprout with bamboo stick, is put into and fills
In the basin of a small amount of clear water, long root system is trimmed, 2~3cm of root long is stayed；An aperture is made a call in centre in a reservoir, and sprout is put into hole, relaxes
Root system is opened up, contacting substrate is not advisable transplanting depth with sprout blade, gently squeezes, sprinkles profoundly water by hole, keeps matrix tight with root system
Contiguity is touched, and 1 plant of sprout is moved per container；Small plastic shed is built immediately, and plastic covering film, surrounding is compact with soil, and night is capped sunshade
Net heats moisturizing, with sharp slow seedling；Plastic film and sunshade net are thrown off after 2 weeks, full exposure hardening is alternately sprayed every 10~15d
1 fungicide, while reinforcing water and fertilizer management promotes seedling robust growth, when 15~20cm of height of seedling can be out of the garden afforestation；
(3) forest land cleaning and site preparation：Autumn last year, winter, reproducing area logging residue is removed comprehensively, cut along contour is band-like
Except the shrub and weeds on plantation row, it is deposited in the lower section of plantation row, line width 1.0m；Planting hole presses square configuration, cave diameter 50
~60cm, the deep 40~50cm in cave, 1250~1667 plants of the density of plantationKarst area cannot be made by actual conditions deduction
The density of plantation is determined after the area of woods, often spread manuer in holes 0.25~0.40kg of base manure；
(4) planting by stock：In 2~March, selection, which descended 1~2 saturating rain and successive cloudy days occurred, carries out planting by stock；Before plant,
Digging a sink near reproducing area, paving plastic film in slot pours into prepared liquid in slot, and agitation liquid is allowed to uniform,
Then nursery stock is put into 2~3min of into the liquid immersion, taking-up is drained and can be afforested；Nursery stock is placed in the center in cave when plant, is covered
Native righting is steady and sure, and the depth of planting finally covers one layer and loosen the soil compared with the nursery stock rhizome high 3~4cm of original soil trace；
(5) seedling after-culture is looked into：It carries out looking into seedling after-culture 1~2 time in 1 month after plant, the surrival rate of afforestation is not up to 95% or more
Forest land, in time application nursery stock of the same age progress after-culture；
(6) tending ot young growth：Continuously foster 2~3 years after afforestation, carried out every year respectively at 4~May and 8~September, root out with
Weeds, shrub centered on nursery stock within the scope of 1.0~1.5m of Φ and liana, are laid in around plant pit；Top dressing is combined and is loosened the soil
In nursery stock upward slope direction or nursery stock both sides, away from a long ditch is dug at trunk 25cm, fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch, and earthing is filled and led up, every plant
Apply 0.1~0.3kg of composite fertilizer；
Further, above step (1) the seedbed specification is 15~30cm of the height of bed, the wide 1.0~1.5m of bed surface, bed spacer step
30~40cm of road width, the long 5.0~20.0m of bed.
Further, above step (1) described greenhouse is to be built using the coating steel pipe of 28~32mm of Φ, rise 3.2~
3.5m, shoulder height 1.8m, 6.0~8.0m of width, 5.0~20.0m of length.
Further, above step (1) described sunshade net is the common 6 needle sunshade net of commercial black, shading rate 80~85%.
Further, above step (1) described plastic film be commercially available white clear plastic foil, thickness 0.08~
0.12mm。
Further, above step (2) described raising tray is the flat pallet of commercially available 54 hole air root relief nursery, and single hole is straight
Diameter 5.5cm, deep 8.0cm, pallet long 58cm, wide 43cm, high 12cm.
Further, above step (2) described non-woven container is commercially available degradable nonwoven fabrics Light media container for plant growth, directly
Diameter 4.5cm, high 8.0cm, matrix components and its ratio be palm sugar 70%, peat 30% add 2~4kg of composite fertilizer in matrix
m-3。
Further, above step (2) described Small plastic shed is to curve dome-shaped using the iron wire of Φ 4.0mm, and both ends are inserted into
In soil, encircle spacing 0.6~0.8m, wide 1.0~1.2m, high 0.5~0.6m.
Further, above step (2) described fungicide is that commercially available 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 75% Bravo can
Wet powder and 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
Further, above step (3) described base manure is commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate, effective P2O5>=18.0%.
Further, above step (4) described liquid is commercially available 20,000,000,000 work sporeGreen muscardine fungus wettable powder, 5%
Mixed liquor made of avermectin wettable powder and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder compounding.
Further, above step (6) the long ditch specification be ditch grow 30~40cm, 10~20cm of furrow width, ditch depth 10~
20cm。
Further, above step (6) described composite fertilizer is commercially available compound fertilizer, nutrients ratio N:P2O5:K2O=
15:15:15, total nutrient >=45%.
Compared with prior art, the advantages of the present invention are：
1, the present invention uses two-stages seeding, sprout transplanting to cut root, Light media container nursery air root relief, to inhibit main
Root growth, growth-promoting multistage lateral root simultaneously form a large amount of root balls, and root system is sturdy strong, and resistance is strong, are conducive to cultivate high-quality strong sprout.
2,15~20cm of seedling height of seedling for cultivating of the present invention can be out of the garden afforestation, shorten growing-seedling period, saving is produced into
This, improves production efficiency；Seedling age is short, and the neat homogeneous of seedling, robust growth realizes scale, specialization, industrialization production.
3, the present invention takes band-like cleaning reproducing area, retains original vegetation as far as possible, protects bio-diversity, avoids generating
New soil erosion, while the pests such as forest zone termite, cricket also can therefrom obtain food, to mitigate the feeding pressure to seedling
Power；The planting by stock of early spring in 2~March avoids insect pest in 4~July full incidence period, and seedling obtains the longer season of growth, advantageous children
Seedling is grown, and is accelerated seedling stem lignifying, is resisted insect pest；Take green muscardine fungus and the high-efficiency low-toxicity chemical pesticide of non-country's disabling multiple simultaneously
Mixed liquor made of matching soaks root pest control, and more behaves are simultaneously applied, the surrival rate of afforestation >=95%.
4, the present invention is afforested using Light media non-woven container seedling, and seedling transpiration area is small, and in vivo and matrix keeps higher
Moisture content, band plastic bag cultivation are planted, and root is not hindered, and are buried i.e. long, no seedling-slowing stage；Seedling has no mechanical damage, and apical dominance is apparent, and growth is fast
Speed is conducive to culture trunk, cultivates high quality fast-growing, high-yield woods.
Specific implementation mode
With embodiment, invention is further described in detail below, but they are not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
On September 16th, 2016, in Guangxi forest-science academy, rare tree cultivation Demonstration Base selection topography is gentle, and soil layer is deep,
Quality is loose, and the loam of subacidity with doing garden, cultivates sprout.It turns over, rake the soil level, remove stone and grass roots, erect seedbed, soil fine crushing
Grain, smooth bed surface, by seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, 3~4gm of application rate-2, the baked wheaten cake soil of sieving is covered, thickness is to lose
Seed is degree, is sprayed in due course, and ground moistening is kept；High temperature season uses plastic house sunshade net, shading, cooling, moisturizing, anti-riot
Rain, low temperature season then spread lower sunshade net, change plastic film, heat preservation, frost prevention, antifreeze；The 3rd week seed starts to germinate after broadcasting
Soil, seedling has grown 4 true leaves within the 10th week, has certain resistance, in batches replanting and culturing.
Container seedling is cultivated on December 1st, 2016, sprout transplanting.Every is neatly put 2 row's raising trays, non-woven container
It is emitted in raising tray, spaced 1~2cm, pallet make somebody a mere figurehead container between container, away from ground 4cm；12h is poured before transplanting
Saturating container matrix and seedbed, gently lever up sprout with bamboo stick, are put into the basin for filling a small amount of clear water, trim long root system, stay root
Long 2~3cm；An aperture is made a call in centre in a reservoir, and sprout is put into hole, unfolds root system, and transplanting depth is not contacted with sprout blade
Matrix is advisable, and is gently squeezed by hole, sprinkles profoundly water, and matrix is made to be in close contact with root system, and 1 plant of sprout is moved per container；It builds immediately
Small plastic shed, plastic covering film, surrounding is compact with soil, and night is capped sunshade net, moisturizing is heated, with sharp slow seedling；Modeling is thrown off after 2 weeks
Expect that thin film and sunshade net, full exposure hardening alternately spray 1 fungicide every 10~15d, while reinforcing water and fertilizer management, promote
Seedling robust growth, when 17~20cm of height of seedling is out of the garden afforestation.
Select one piece of no longer cultivated mountainous region as experimental field in the Pingguo County,GuangXi peace town villages Wang Li on December 20th, 2016.Edge
The band-like shrub and weeds surgeried on plantation row of contour, is deposited in the lower section of plantation row, line width 1.0m；Planting hole is by square
Configuration, cave 50~55cm of diameter, the deep 40~45cm in cave, 1650~1660 plants of the density of plantationOften spread manuer in holes base manure 0.25~
0.40kg。
1 saturating rain is descended on March 7th, 2017, the continuous more days rainy weathers of later stage forecast, planting by stock at this time is best
Opportunity.Before plant, a sink is dug near reproducing area, paving plastic film in slot pours into prepared liquid in slot, stirs medicine
Liquid is allowed to uniform, and nursery stock is then put 2~3min of into the liquid immersion, and taking-up is drained and can be afforested；Nursery stock is placed in when plant
The center in cave, earthing righting is steady and sure, and the depth of planting finally covers one layer and loosen the soil compared with the nursery stock rhizome high 3~4cm of original soil trace.
It checks the surrival rate of afforestation on March 27th, 2017, does not find to be short of seedling or the nursery stock phenomena of mortality, be not necessarily to after-culture.
In May, 2017 and September carry out tending ot young growth respectively, root out miscellaneous within the scope of 1.0~1.5m of the Φ centered on nursery stock
Grass, shrub and liana, are laid in around plant pit；Top dressing is combined and is loosened the soil in nursery stock upward slope direction or nursery stock both sides, away from trunk
A long ditch is dug at 25cm, fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch, and earthing is filled and led up, per 0.2~0.3kg of Zhu Shi composite fertilizers.
On 2 1st, 2018, investigate seedling growth situation.Investigation result：Standing forest mean stand height 1.57m, average ground diameter
2.17cm, even crown diameter 1.27m, the surrival rate of afforestation 98.2%.
Embodiment 2：
On September 16th, 2016, in Guangxi forest-science academy, rare tree cultivation Demonstration Base selection topography is gentle, and soil layer is deep,
Quality is loose, and the loam of subacidity with doing garden, cultivates sprout.It turns over, rake the soil level, remove stone and grass roots, erect seedbed, soil fine crushing
Grain, smooth bed surface, by seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, 3~4gm of application rate-2, the baked wheaten cake soil of sieving is covered, thickness is to lose
Seed is degree, is sprayed in due course, and ground moistening is kept；High temperature season uses plastic house sunshade net, shading, cooling, moisturizing, anti-riot
Rain, low temperature season then spread lower sunshade net, change plastic film, heat preservation, frost prevention, antifreeze；The 3rd week seed starts to germinate after broadcasting
Soil, seedling has grown 4 true leaves within the 10th week, has certain resistance, in batches replanting and culturing.
Container seedling is cultivated on December 1st, 2016, sprout transplanting.Every is neatly put 2 row's raising trays, non-woven container
It is emitted in raising tray, spaced 1~2cm, pallet make somebody a mere figurehead container between container, away from ground 4cm；12h is poured before transplanting
Saturating container matrix and seedbed, gently lever up sprout with bamboo stick, are put into the basin for filling a small amount of clear water, trim long root system, stay root
Long 2~3cm；An aperture is made a call in centre in a reservoir, and sprout is put into hole, unfolds root system, and transplanting depth is not contacted with sprout blade
Matrix is advisable, and is gently squeezed by hole, sprinkles profoundly water, and matrix is made to be in close contact with root system, and 1 plant of sprout is moved per container；It builds immediately
Small plastic shed, plastic covering film, surrounding is compact with soil, and night is capped sunshade net, moisturizing is heated, with sharp slow seedling；Modeling is thrown off after 2 weeks
Expect that thin film and sunshade net, full exposure hardening alternately spray 1 fungicide every 10~15d, while reinforcing water and fertilizer management, promote
Seedling robust growth, when 15~17cm of height of seedling is out of the garden afforestation.
Select another piece of no longer cultivated mountainous region as experimental field in the Pingguo County,GuangXi peace town villages Wang Li on December 25th, 2016.
Along the band-like shrub and weeds surgeried on plantation row of contour, it is deposited in the lower section of plantation row, line width 1.0m；Planting hole is by pros
Shape configures, cave 55~60cm of diameter, and the deep 45~50cm in cave is deducted the area that cannot be afforested by karst area actual conditions, and afforestation is close
1500~1550 plants of degreeOften spread manuer in holes 0.25~0.40kg of base manure.
1 saturating rain is descended on March 10th, 2017, the continuous more days rainy weathers of later stage forecast, planting by stock at this time is best
Opportunity.Before plant, a sink is dug near reproducing area, paving plastic film in slot pours into prepared liquid in slot, stirs medicine
Liquid is allowed to uniform, and nursery stock is then put 2~3min of into the liquid immersion, and taking-up is drained and can be afforested；Nursery stock is placed in when plant
The center in cave, earthing righting is steady and sure, and the depth of planting finally covers one layer and loosen the soil compared with the nursery stock rhizome high 3~4cm of original soil trace.
It checks the surrival rate of afforestation on March 28th, 2017, does not find to be short of seedling or the nursery stock phenomena of mortality, be not necessarily to after-culture.
In May, 2017 and September carry out tending ot young growth respectively, root out miscellaneous within the scope of 1.0~1.5m of the Φ centered on nursery stock
Grass, shrub and liana, are laid in around plant pit；Top dressing is combined and is loosened the soil in nursery stock upward slope direction or nursery stock both sides, away from trunk
A long ditch is dug at 25cm, fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch, and earthing is filled and led up, per 0.20~0.25kg of Zhu Shi composite fertilizers.
On 2 2nd, 2018, investigate seedling growth situation.Investigation result：Standing forest mean stand height 1.61m, average ground diameter
2.18cm, even crown diameter 1.26m, the surrival rate of afforestation 98.3%.
Reference examples 1：
On September 25th, 2015, in Guangxi forest-science academy, rare tree cultivation Demonstration Base selection topography is gentle, and soil layer is deep,
Quality is loose, and the loam of subacidity with doing garden, cultivates sprout.It turns over, rake the soil level, remove stone and grass roots, erect seedbed, soil fine crushing
Grain, smooth bed surface, by seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, 3~4gm of application rate-2, the baked wheaten cake soil of sieving is covered, thickness is to lose
Seed is degree, is sprayed in due course, and ground moistening is kept；High temperature season uses plastic house sunshade net, shading, cooling, moisturizing, anti-riot
Rain, low temperature season then spread lower sunshade net, change plastic film, heat preservation, frost prevention, antifreeze；The 3rd week seed starts to germinate after broadcasting
Soil, seedling has grown 4 true leaves within the 10th week, has certain resistance, transplants in batches.
Container seedling is cultivated on December 20th, 2015, sprout transplanting.Plastic film container (the diameter of yellow soil will be installed
5.7cm × high 9cm) it neatly puts on smooth place, surrounding ridging；12h irrigates container matrix and seedbed before transplanting, uses bamboo
Label gently lever up sprout, are put into the basin for filling a small amount of clear water, trim long root system, stay 2~3cm of root long；Centre is beaten in a reservoir
One aperture, sprout is put into hole, unfolds root system, contacting substrate is not advisable transplanting depth with sprout blade, is gently squeezed by hole
Pressure, sprinkles profoundly water, and matrix is made to be in close contact with root system, and 1 plant of sprout is moved per container；Build Small plastic shed immediately, plastic covering film, four
Week is compact with soil, and night is capped sunshade net, moisturizing is heated, with sharp slow seedling；Plastic film and sunshade net, full exposure are thrown off after 2 weeks
Hardening alternately sprays 1 fungicide every 10~15d, while reinforcing water and fertilizer management, promotes seedling robust growth.
Introduction and cultivation is carried out in Guangxi forest-science academy experiment forest farm on December 5th, 2016.Reproducing area is removed comprehensively to fell
Residue is deposited in the lower section of plantation row, line width 1.0m along the band-like shrub and weeds surgeried on plantation row of contour；Plant
Press square configuration, cave 50~60cm of diameter, the deep 40~50cm in cave, 1250~1667 plants of the density of plantation in caveIt often spreads manuer in holes base
0.25~0.40kg of fertilizer.
On 2 20th, 2017,1 saturating rain of lower mistake, the continuous more days rainy weathers of later stage forecast, planting by stock at this time was best
Opportunity.Before plant, with shrub and hedge trimmer cutting strunk, dry high 60cm is stayed, when plant removes the plastic film container being not easily decomposed, and nursery stock is set
Center in cave, earthing righting is steady and sure, and the depth of planting finally covers one layer and loosen the soil compared with the nursery stock rhizome high 3~4cm of original soil trace.
It checks the surrival rate of afforestation on March 6th, 2017, it is found that most of nursery stock blade wilts or withers, apply in time of the same age
Nursery stock carries out after-culture.
In May, 2017 and September carry out tending ot young growth respectively, root out miscellaneous within the scope of 1.0~1.5m of the Φ centered on nursery stock
Grass, shrub and liana, are laid in around plant pit；Top dressing is combined and is loosened the soil in nursery stock upward slope direction or nursery stock both sides, away from trunk
A long ditch is dug at 25cm, fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch, and earthing is filled and led up, per 0.1~0.3kg of Zhu Shi composite fertilizers.
Investigate seedling growth situation on December 11st, 2017.Investigation result：Plant is without apparent trunk, mean stand height
0.68m, average ground diameter 1.42cm, even crown diameter 0.75m, the surrival rate of afforestation 30%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality, it is characterised in that：The method includes sprout cultivating, Light medias to hold
Seedling after-culture and tending ot young growth process are looked into device nursery, forest land cleaning and site preparation, planting by stock.
2. the method according to claim 1 for improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality, it is characterised in that：The method is specifically grasped
Steps are as follows for work：
(1) sprout cultivating：Select traffic, water power convenient, topography is gentle, and soil layer is deep, and quality is loose, and subacidity is to subalkaline
Sandy loam or loam are with doing garden；Late September turns over, rakes the soil level, and removes stone and grass roots, erects seedbed, grogs fine crushing, smooth bed
Face, by seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, 3~4gm of application rate-2, the baked wheaten cake soil of sieving is covered, thickness is degree to lose seed,
Spraying in due course keeps ground moistening；High temperature season uses plastic house sunshade net, shading, cooling, moisturizing, anti-heavy rain, low temperature season
Sunshade net under Jie Zesa, changes plastic film, heat preservation, frost prevention, antifreeze；The 3rd week seed starts to germinate and be unearthed after broadcasting, the 10th week children
Seedling has grown 4 true leaves, has certain resistance, transplants in batches；
(2) Light media container nursery：Every is neatly put 2 row's raising trays, and non-woven container is emitted in raising tray, container
Between spaced 1~2cm, pallet makes somebody a mere figurehead container, away from ground 4cm, to realize air root relief；Selection cloudy day or fine day
Early, evening transplanting, with rising with cultivation；12h irrigates container matrix and seedbed before transplanting, and sprout is gently levered up with bamboo stick, is put into and fills less
In the basin for measuring clear water, long root system is trimmed, 2~3cm of root long is stayed；An aperture is made a call in centre in a reservoir, and sprout is put into hole, is unfolded
Root system, with sprout blade, contacting substrate is not advisable transplanting depth, gently squeezes, sprinkles profoundly water by hole, keeps matrix close with root system
Contact moves 1 plant of sprout per container；Small plastic shed is built immediately, plastic covering film, surrounding is compact with soil, and night is capped sunshade net,
Moisturizing is heated, with sharp slow seedling；Plastic film and sunshade net are thrown off after 2 weeks, full exposure hardening alternately sprays 1 time every 10~15d
Fungicide, while reinforcing water and fertilizer management promotes seedling robust growth, when 15~20cm of height of seedling can be out of the garden afforestation；
(3) forest land cleaning and site preparation：Autumn last year, winter, reproducing area logging residue is removed comprehensively, surgery kind along contour is band-like
The shrub and weeds on row are planted, the lower section of plantation row, line width 1.0m are deposited in；Planting hole press square configuration, cave diameter 50~
60cm, the deep 40~50cm in cave, 1250~1667 plants of the density of plantation·hm-2, karst area cannot afforest by actual conditions deduction
Area after determine the density of plantation, often spread manuer in holes 0.25~0.40kg of base manure；
(4) planting by stock：In 2~March, selection, which descended 1~2 saturating rain and successive cloudy days occurred, carries out planting by stock；Before plant, making
A sink is nearby dug in forest land, and paving plastic film in slot pours into prepared liquid in slot, and agitation liquid is allowed to uniform, then
Nursery stock is put into 2~3min of into the liquid immersion, taking-up is drained and can be afforested；Nursery stock is placed in the center in cave, earthing is helped when plant
Positive steady and sure, the depth of planting finally covers one layer and loosens the soil compared with the nursery stock rhizome high 3~4cm of original soil trace；
(5) seedling after-culture is looked into：Carry out looking into for 1~2 time seedling after-culture after plant in 1 month, the surrival rate of afforestation not up to 95% or more forest land,
Application nursery stock of the same age carries out after-culture in time；
(6) tending ot young growth：It is continuously fostered after afforestation 2~3 years, carries out, root out with nursery stock respectively at 4~May and 8~September every year
Centered on weeds, shrub and liana within the scope of 1.0~1.5m of Φ, be laid in around plant pit；Top dressing is combined and is loosened the soil in seedling
The wooden upward slope direction or nursery stock both sides, away from a long ditch is dug at trunk 25cm, fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch, and earthing is filled and led up, and every plant is applied again
0.1~0.3kg of Hefei.
3. the method according to claim 2 for improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality, it is characterised in that：In the step (1)
Seedbed specification is 15~30cm of the height of bed, the wide 1.0~1.5m of bed surface, bed spacer step 30~40cm of road width, the long 5.0~20.0m of bed；It is described
Greenhouse is to be built using the coating steel pipe of 28~32mm of Φ, rises 3.2~3.5m, shoulder height 1.8m, 6.0~8.0m of width, length
5.0~20.0m；The sunshade net is the common 6 needle sunshade net of commercial black, shading rate 80~85%；The plastic film is city
Sell white clear plastic foil, 0.08~0.12mm of thickness.
4. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(2) in raising tray be the flat pallet of commercially available 54 hole air root relief nursery, single hole diameter 5.5cm, deep 8.0cm, the long 58cm of pallet,
Wide 43cm, high 12cm；The non-woven container is commercially available degradable nonwoven fabrics Light media container for plant growth, and diameter 4.5cm is high
8.0cm；The Small plastic shed is to curve dome-shaped using the iron wire of Φ 4.0mm, and both ends are inserted into soil, encircles spacing 0.6~0.8m, wide
1.0~1.2m, high 0.5~0.6m.
5. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(2) mesostroma ingredient and its ratio be palm sugar 70%, peat 30%, adds 2~4kg of composite fertilizer in matrix·m-3。
6. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(2) fungicide is that commercially available 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 75% Bravo wettable powder and 50% thiophanate methyl can in
Wet powder.
7. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(3) base manure is commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate, effective P in2O5>=18.0%.
8. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(4) herb liquid is commercially available 20,000,000,000 work spore·g-1Green muscardine fungus wettable powder, 5% avermectin wettable powder and 10%
Mixed liquor made of imidacloprid wettable powder compounding.
9. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(6) long ditch specification is that ditch grows 30~40cm, 10~20cm of furrow width, 10~20cm of ditch depth in.
10. a kind of method improving Alnus formosana Plantation Afforestation Quality according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step
(6) composite fertilizer is commercially available compound fertilizer, nutrients ratio N in:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, total nutrient >=45%.
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Application publication date: 20180828 |