CN111602587A - Method for optimizing light matrix quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root ball - Google Patents
Method for optimizing light matrix quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root ball Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest seedling raising, and provides a method for optimizing root groups of light-weight matrix Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedlings aiming at the problems of nest roots and the like existing in the existing container seedling raising, wherein the main method comprises the steps of matrix preparation, seed treatment, seedling container preparation, seedbed preparation, seed sowing, seedling stage management, air root cutting and data investigation; filling prepared matrix in seedling containers of corresponding specifications, sowing the treated high-quality Quercus liaotungensis seeds in non-woven fabrics, performing conventional seedling technical maintenance in growing seasons, and measuring various growth indexes after the seedlings stop growing in autumn. And screening out container specification suitable for light matrix non-woven fabric seedling culture of Quercus liaotungensis by comprehensive analysis and comparison. The quercus robur cultivated by the container has the advantages of robust root system, complete root group structure, regular and robust seedling growth, obvious improvement of quercus robur seedling quality and afforestation survival rate, and good ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest seedling culture, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing root groups of light-weight matrix Quercus liaotungensis containerized seedlings.
Background
Quercus liaodonta (A) Kuo (A)Quercus wutaishansea) Is of genus Quercus of Fagaceae (Fagaceae) ((R))Quercus) The deciduous trees are the main established tree species and the dominant tree species of deciduous broad-leaved forests in warm areas in China, are also one of the excellent tree species for constructing broad mixed forests in North China, and are important zonal forest vegetation communities. The quercus robur is a deep-rooted tree species with a developed root system, has the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance, strong stress resistance and the like, is an excellent ecological tree species returned to a farmland, and has important effects on conserving water sources, maintaining water and soil, increasing carbon sink, ecological restoration, continuous development of natural forests and the like. The Quercus liaodonta has wide application, the wood is hard and corrosion resistant, and the Quercus liaodonta can be used as materials in the aspects of buildings, ore pillars, ships and the like; the seeds contain abundant starch, and can be used for brewing wine, making bean jelly and soy sauceAnd (3) waiting for food; the shell bucket can be used for extracting baking glue; is an excellent tree species for protection forests, timber forests and economic forests.
The seeds which are ripely scattered from the Quercus liaotungensis are easily eaten and stored by rodents and birds, are not good in natural renewal, and need artificial cultivation. In the early stage of direct seeding and afforestation of Quercus liaotungensis, the growing root system is taken as the main part, lateral roots are fine, and the quantity of fibrous roots is small, so that the root system absorption capacity of young trees is weak, the young trees grow fragile, and the afforestation survival is difficult; the bare-rooted seedling transplantation afforestation has the problems of less fibrous roots, low afforestation survival rate and longer seedling revival time after the planting, so that the seedling is easy to lack water, and the phenomena of non-survival of the afforestation and non-survival of the afforestation are caused. The container seedling culture has the advantages of early seed germination, high germination rate, fast seedling growth, good root system development, no root damage of seedling lifting and transporting, high afforestation survival rate and the like, and the demand of Chinese forestry production on the container seedling is increasingly large. The black plastic container is a relatively common seedling culture container used in China, but the problems of difficult breathing of roots, roots and the like easily occur, and the plastic container needs to be removed during afforestation, so that the time and labor are wasted, and the environment is also polluted. Light-duty matrix non-woven fabrics container is compared in ordinary container seedling, and the root system can pierce through the container wall, avoids the root nest phenomenon, has advantages such as permeate water, ventilative, the root system is flourishing, light in weight, degradable, can the air repair root, can promote the root system to form good root ball, ensures the root activity, more is favorable to the growth of nursery stock, improves the afforestation survival rate.
The container is the basis of the growth and development of the container seedlings, and the growth conditions of the seedlings with different container specifications are different. However, the non-woven fabric container applied in the prior production is usually small in specification, is not suitable for tree system according to the seedling characteristics, particularly for deep-rooted trees such as quercus robusta, cannot adapt to the seedling root characteristics, and cannot achieve the purpose of cultivating high-quality strong seedlings, and if the container is too deep and too large, the increase of the filling matrix can be directly caused, and the cost is increased. At present, the research of structural optimization of light substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root groups does not exist. Therefore, the method for researching and optimizing the light substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root ball has very important significance for improving the root ball structure of the Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling, relieving the root nest phenomenon, and improving the quality of the Quercus liaotungensis seedling and the survival rate of afforestation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for optimizing a light substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root group aiming at the problems of root nest and the like existing in the conventional container seedling culture, and the method ensures that the Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root group has a complete structure, good root system development and sufficient nutrient supply, is beneficial to culturing strong Quercus liaotungensis seedlings, and improves the seedling growth quality and the afforestation survival rate.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a method for optimizing a light substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root group comprises the steps of substrate preparation, seed treatment, seedling container preparation, seedbed preparation, seed sowing, seedling stage management, air root cutting and data investigation; filling prepared matrix in seedling containers of corresponding specifications, sowing the treated high-quality Quercus liaotungensis seeds in non-woven fabrics, performing conventional seedling technical maintenance in growing seasons, and measuring various growth indexes after the seedlings stop growing in autumn.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in volume ratio: 20 to 30 percent of peat, 20 to 30 percent of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 25 percent of vermiculite and 25 percent of perlite are evenly mixed, and 2 percent of calcium superphosphate in weight ratio is added as a base fertilizer; diluting the substrate by 800 times with 40% formalin solution, wherein the water content of the substrate is 50% -55%; uniformly stirring the matrix after the solution is poured, covering the matrix for 4-5 days by using a plastic film, removing the covering, and airing the matrix without odor for use;
(2) treating seeds: the seeds are glossy, full and free from diseases and insect damages; after the seeds are collected, spreading and airing in a ventilated and cool place and removing impurities; fumigating and killing insects for 24t by 56% aluminum phosphide, storing in sand for later use, wherein 1 layer of seeds with the diameter of 4-5.5cm and wet river sand with the diameter of 4-5.5cm are stacked layer by layer at the temperature of 0-2 ℃, and watering is required when the seeds lack water;
(3) preparing a seedling raising container: manufacturing a non-woven fabric mesh bag by using a non-woven fabric cutting machine; wetting the substrate before filling, wherein the humidity is 45-55%; filling the matrix, and compacting to 90-95% of the container, wherein soil does not leak from the bottom when the bag is lifted; the containers filled with the matrix are placed on the seedbed in order, and the containers are flat and consistent;
(4) preparing a seedbed: selecting a land which is flat in terrain, good in drainage, convenient to traffic, convenient to water source, ventilated and sunny and convenient to manage as a seedling raising land; dividing a seedbed and a footpath on a flat nursery land, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.2 m, and the width of the footpath is 40 cm; arranging non-woven fabric containers in seedling raising hole trays, wherein the containers are spaced by 2cm, placing the seedling raising hole trays on a seedling bed, making the seedling raising bed overhead and not less than 10cm away from the ground, or covering a ground fabric preventing root penetration on a bed surface, and arranging the non-woven fabric containers on the ground fabric on the bed surface to realize air root cutting;
(5) sowing seeds: screening out seeds 1 week before spring sowing, and mixing the seeds with 500 times of carbendazim for sterilization; covering the leeward and sunny positions with a straw mat for accelerating germination, and selecting and sowing when 70% of seeds are exposed; fully wetting the substrate in the container by using a spraying device, and sowing seeds in the center of the container, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; after the seeding is finished, spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution on the bed surface for disease prevention treatment, and watering thoroughly;
(6) seedling stage management: watering the container when the surface of the container is whitish, wherein the watering is carried out by mist spraying, and the time is arranged in the morning and evening; opening a shading net and a plastic film in the seedling stage seedling raising shed, and gradually increasing illumination along with the growth of seedlings to improve the lignification degree of the seedlings; timely topdressing, wherein N fertilizer is used as a main fertilizer in the fast growing period, and P, K fertilizer is applied in a matched manner; weeding according to the principle of 'removing early, removing little and removing';
(7) air root cutting: cutting off the root system of the seedling growing downwards and outwards by applying the air root cutting principle, forming a large number of lateral roots and callus around the root system, multiplying the number of the lateral roots in the container matrix and interweaving the lateral roots with the matrix to form a root ball;
(8) data investigation: after the growth of Quercus salicina in autumn stops, 30 normal growing plants are selected in each block by adopting a random sampling method, the indexes of the relative chlorophyll content SPAD and the leaf area of the high, ground diameter and inverted 3 mature leaves of the seedling are measured, 12 plants are selected at random and brought back to a laboratory, and the indexes of the quality of overground and underground dry matter and the growth of the root system of the plant are measured.
The non-woven fabric mesh bag is a degradable non-woven fabric of polypropylene fibers, has 7 specifications and is respectively as follows: 6cm × 12cm, 6cm × 15 cm, 6cm × 20cm, 6cm × 25cm, 8cm × 15 cm, 8cm × 20cm, and 8cm × 25 cm.
When sowing, 2-3 seeds with 7 specifications of non-woven bags are spotted into each container, 30 bags of seeds are treated each, the steps are repeated for 3 times, and the seeds are randomly arranged in blocks; thinning is carried out in time after the seedlings emerge in the spring of the next year, and the most robust seedling is left in each bag.
Topdressing is carried out when 3-4 true leaves grow out from Quercus liaotungensis.
Seedling stage management: when more than 70% of root systems grow out of the side wall of the container, the spraying operation is stopped, the shading net is opened, the seedling is short in water shortage, and the root tip growing out of the side wall of the container wilts.
The data survey specifically comprises: measuring the height and the ground diameter of the seedling by using a box ruler and a precision vernier caliper; measuring the relative chlorophyll content and leaf area of the seedling by using a hand-held chlorophyll meter and a laser leaf area meter; analyzing the plant root system subjected to root washing treatment by using a root system analysis system to obtain root length, root average diameter, total root surface area and total root volume indexes of the root system; drying the roots, stems and leaves to constant weight, and weighing the dry matter by an electronic balance.
The specification of the non-woven fabric mesh bag is 6cm multiplied by 25 cm.
The non-woven fabric adopted by the invention is degradable, the main component is polypropylene fiber, and the non-woven fabric is easy to process, decompose and have low price.
Lichen, algae and the like are easy to propagate on the surface of the seedling raising bag, and the seedling raising bag is easy to harden into a skin shape, so that the penetration of water is prevented, timely cleaning is needed, and the water utilization rate is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the method for optimizing the root ball of the light-weight matrix quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling has the advantages that the cultured seedling has developed lateral fibrous roots, the root nest phenomenon is remarkably relieved, and the seedling grows neatly, robustly and high in quality.
The non-woven fabric container seedlings are light in weight, the seedling transportation cost and the labor cost can be reduced, the root groups are complete during planting, the seedling reviving period is not provided after afforestation, the survival rate and the seedling quality of quercus robur afforestation are obviously improved, and the ecological benefit, the economic benefit and the social benefit are better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the sequence of growth indexes of Quercus liaodonta seedlings with different specifications; FIG. 2 is a sequence of root growth indexes of quercus robur seedlings with different specifications; FIG. 3 shows a non-woven container seedling of 6cm × 25 cm; FIG. 4 shows the complete root system of the seedling root ball in the light-weight substrate non-woven fabric container.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1: a method for optimizing light matrix Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root groups comprises the following steps: preparing a substrate, treating seeds, preparing a seedling culture container, preparing a seedbed, sowing the seeds, managing the seedling stage, cutting roots in the air and investigating data; filling prepared matrix in seedling containers of corresponding specifications, sowing the treated high-quality Quercus liaotungensis seeds in non-woven fabrics, performing conventional seedling technical maintenance in growing seasons, and measuring various growth indexes after the seedlings stop growing in autumn.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
according to peat soil: perlite: vermiculite: thoroughly decomposed barks are mixed and stirred uniformly at a volume ratio of 2.5:2.5: 2.5:2.5, and calcium superphosphate with the weight ratio of 2 percent is added as a base fertilizer; diluting the substrate by 800 times with 40% formalin solution, wherein the water content of the substrate is 50% -55%; uniformly stirring the matrix after the solution is poured, covering the matrix for 4-5 days by using a plastic film, removing the covering, and airing the matrix without odor for use; sterilizing and drying in the sun for later use.
Respectively making 7 non-woven fabric containers of different specifications of 6cm × 12cm, 6cm × 15 cm, 6cm × 20cm, 6cm × 25cm, 8cm × 15 cm, 8cm × 20cm and 8cm × 25cm by using a non-woven fabric cutting machine, filling seedling culture substrates, placing on a seedling culture tray, treating 60 bags each, repeating for 3 times, and arranging in random blocks. Wetting the substrate before filling, wherein the humidity is 45-55%; filling the matrix, and compacting to 90-95% of the container, wherein soil does not leak from the bottom when the bag is lifted; the containers filled with the matrix are placed on the seedbed in order, and the containers are flat and consistent.
Treating seeds: the seeds are glossy, full and free from diseases and insect damages; after the seeds are collected, spreading and airing in a ventilated and cool place and removing impurities; fumigating and killing insects for 24t by 56% aluminum phosphide, storing in sand for later use, wherein 1 layer of seeds with the diameter of 4-5.5cm and wet river sand with the diameter of 4-5.5cm are stacked layer by layer at the temperature of 0-2 ℃, and watering is required when the seeds lack water by frequent inspection and turning.
Preparing a seedbed: selecting a land which is flat in terrain, good in drainage, convenient to traffic, convenient to water source, ventilated and sunny and convenient to manage as a seedling raising land; dividing a seedbed and a footpath on a flat nursery land, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.2 m, and the width of the footpath is 40 cm; the non-woven fabric containers are arranged in seedling raising hole trays, the containers are spaced at intervals of 2cm, the seedling raising hole trays are placed on the seedling bed, the seedling raising bed is overhead and not lower than 10cm away from the ground, or the bed surface covers ground cloth preventing root systems from penetrating, the non-woven fabric containers are arranged on the ground cloth of the bed surface, and air root cutting is achieved.
Screening Quercus liaodonta seeds 1 week before spring sowing in middle ten days of 3 months, and mixing the seeds with 500 times of carbendazim for sterilization; covering the leeward and sunny positions with a straw mat for accelerating germination, and selecting and sowing when 70% of seeds are exposed; fully wetting the substrate in the container by using a spraying device, and sowing seeds in the center of the container, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; after the seeding is finished, spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution on the bed surface for disease prevention treatment, and watering thoroughly; 2-3 seeds are spotted in each container, thinning is carried out in time after emergence, and the most robust seedling is left in each bag. And (4) performing conventional seedling culture technology maintenance such as shading, watering, topdressing, weeding and the like in the growing season.
Seedling stage management: watering the container when the surface of the container is whitish, wherein the watering is carried out by mist spraying, and the time is arranged in the morning and evening; opening a shading net and a plastic film in the seedling stage seedling raising shed, and gradually increasing illumination along with the growth of seedlings to improve the lignification degree of the seedlings; timely topdressing, wherein N fertilizer is used as a main fertilizer in the fast growing period, and P, K fertilizer is applied in a matched manner; weeding according to the principle of 'removing early, removing small and removing'.
Air root cutting: the root system of the seedling growing downwards and outwards is cut off by applying the air root cutting principle, a large number of lateral roots and callus tissues are formed around the root system, and the number of the lateral roots in the container matrix is multiplied and interweaved with the matrix to form a root ball.
Data investigation: after the seedlings stop growing in the middle ten 10 months, selecting 30 normal growing plants in each block by adopting a random sampling method, measuring the relative chlorophyll content SPAD and leaf area indexes of the height, the ground diameter and the inverted 3 mature leaves of the seedlings, randomly selecting 12 plants, bringing the 12 plants back to a laboratory, cleaning a matrix around a root system by using clear water, cutting off the overground and underground parts, drying to constant weight, and weighing the mass of the overground and underground dry matter. The data analysis was performed using EXCEL and SPSS software, and the results are shown in table 1.
The test result shows that: the non-woven fabric containers with different specifications have different influences on the growth of the nursery stock. Sequencing growth indexes of the non-woven fabric Quercus liaotungensis seedling with different specifications, such as ground diameter, seedling height, relative chlorophyll content, single leaf area, dry weight of the parts above ground and the lower part below ground and the like, wherein the specifications of the non-woven fabric ranked from large to small in the first three are as follows: 6cm × 25cm, 8cm × 20cm, 8cm × 25 cm.
TABLE 1 average value of growth indexes of non-woven fabric Quercus liaotungensis seedlings of different specifications
And randomly selecting 12 Quercus liaotungensis seedlings for each treatment, analyzing the root systems of the plants subjected to root washing treatment by using a Wanshen LA-S root system analysis system, and obtaining indexes such as root length, root average diameter, root projection area, total root surface area, root total volume and the like of the root systems, wherein the results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 root index average of non-woven fabric seedling Quercus liaotungensis seedlings of different specifications
The test result shows that: the non-woven fabric containers with different specifications have different influences on the growth of the seedling root system. Sequencing indexes of root systems of non-woven fabric Quercus liaotungensis seedlings with different specifications, and as can be seen from the figure, indexes of root length, root diameter and root volume are ranked from large to small, and the specifications of the non-woven fabric in the first three are as follows: the specifications of the non-woven fabrics which are 6cm multiplied by 25cm, 8cm multiplied by 25cm and 8cm multiplied by 20cm, the indexes of the projection area and the surface area of the root are ranked from large to small, and the first three specifications are as follows: 6cm × 25cm, 8cm × 20cm, 8cm × 25 cm.
The results in tables 1 and 2 show that the container specification suitable for the light substrate non-woven fabric seedling culture of the quercus liaotungensis is 6cm multiplied by 25cm, the container specification accords with the characteristics that the root system of the quercus liaotungensis is developed and firstly grows, and the longer cylindrical container is more beneficial to the downward extension of the root system of the quercus liaotungensis seedling and the growth of the overground part.
FIG. 3 shows a 6cm × 25cm non-woven container seedling, and FIG. 4 shows a light-weight substrate non-woven container seedling with a complete root system. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the non-woven container seedlings obtained by the method have the advantages of regular and robust seedling growth, large biomass of overground parts and shortened seedling period. Fig. 4 shows that the non-woven fabric container seedling obtained by the implementation of the invention has complete root groups, good root system structure, developed lateral roots and fibrous roots, large quantity, no seedling revival stage after transplantation and is beneficial to improving the survival rate of afforestation.
Example 2: in order to further prove the effect of the invention, a non-woven fabric container seedling with the specification of 6cm multiplied by 25cm and a black nutrition pot container seedling with the specification of 16cm multiplied by 16cm are selected for carrying out a comparative test. The test methods of substrate proportioning, seed sowing, seedling management and the like are the same as example 1. random block design, one treatment is randomly arranged in each cell, and each treatment is carried out for 30 generations (pots). And (4) counting growth indexes such as seedling height, ground diameter and the like, wherein specific data are shown in a table 3. The strong seedling index of the non-woven fabric container seedlings with the specification of 6cm multiplied by 25cm is obviously higher than that of the container seedlings of the control black nutrition pot.
TABLE 3 comparison of growth indexes of non-woven fabrics and 2 kinds of container seedlings in black nutrition pot
Note: the height-diameter ratio = seedling height/ground diameter; root-cap ratio = underground part dry weight/aboveground part dry weight; strong seedling index = (ground diameter/seedling height + underground part dry weight/overground part dry weight) × whole plant dry weight, the same applies below. The different letter designations differ significantly at the level of P < 0.05.
Example 3: in order to further prove the effect of the invention, non-woven fabric container seedlings with the specification of 6cm multiplied by 25cm and plug seedlings are selected for a comparative test. The test method is the same as example 2, and the specific data are shown in Table 4. It can be seen that the seedling strengthening index of the non-woven container seedlings with the specification of 6cm multiplied by 25cm is obviously higher than that of the control plug seedlings.
TABLE 4 comparison of growth indexes of non-woven fabrics and plug seedlings in 2 kinds of container seedlings
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, and is provided in the context of a detailed description and not in the context of a limitation of the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are all within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for optimizing light substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root groups is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a substrate, treating seeds, preparing a seedling culture container, preparing a seedbed, sowing the seeds, managing the seedling stage, cutting roots in the air and investigating data; filling prepared matrix in seedling containers of corresponding specifications, sowing the treated high-quality Quercus liaotungensis seeds in non-woven fabrics, performing conventional seedling technical maintenance in growing seasons, and measuring various growth indexes after the seedlings stop growing in autumn.
2. The method of optimizing root mass of a light-weight substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven container seedling of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a matrix: the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in volume ratio: 20 to 30 percent of peat, 20 to 30 percent of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 25 percent of vermiculite and 25 percent of perlite are evenly mixed, and 2 percent of calcium superphosphate in weight ratio is added as a base fertilizer; diluting the substrate by 800 times with 40% formalin solution, wherein the water content of the substrate is 50% -55%; uniformly stirring the matrix after the solution is poured, covering the matrix for 4-5 days by using a plastic film, removing the covering, and airing the matrix without odor for use;
(2) treating seeds: the seeds are glossy, full and free from diseases and insect damages; after the seeds are collected, spreading and airing in a ventilated and cool place and removing impurities; fumigating and killing insects for 24t by 56% aluminum phosphide, storing in sand for later use, wherein 1 layer of seeds with the diameter of 4-5.5cm and wet river sand with the diameter of 4-5.5cm are stacked layer by layer at the temperature of 0-2 ℃, and watering is required when the seeds lack water;
(3) preparing a seedling raising container: manufacturing a non-woven fabric mesh bag by using a non-woven fabric cutting machine; wetting the substrate before filling, wherein the humidity is 45-55%; filling the matrix, and compacting to 90-95% of the container, wherein soil does not leak from the bottom when the bag is lifted; the containers filled with the matrix are placed on the seedbed in order, and the containers are flat and consistent;
(4) preparing a seedbed: selecting a land which is flat in terrain, good in drainage, convenient to traffic, convenient to water source, ventilated and sunny and convenient to manage as a seedling raising land; dividing a seedbed and a footpath on a flat nursery land, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.2 m, and the width of the footpath is 40 cm; arranging non-woven fabric containers in seedling raising hole trays, wherein the containers are spaced by 2cm, placing the seedling raising hole trays on a seedling bed, making the seedling raising bed overhead and not less than 10cm away from the ground, or covering a ground fabric preventing root penetration on a bed surface, and arranging the non-woven fabric containers on the ground fabric on the bed surface to realize air root cutting;
(5) sowing seeds: screening out seeds 1 week before spring sowing, and mixing the seeds with 500 times of carbendazim for sterilization; covering the leeward and sunny positions with a straw mat for accelerating germination, and selecting and sowing when 70% of seeds are exposed; fully wetting the substrate in the container by using a spraying device, and sowing seeds in the center of the container, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; after the seeding is finished, spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution on the bed surface for disease prevention treatment, and watering thoroughly;
(6) seedling stage management: watering the container when the surface of the container is whitish, wherein the watering is carried out by mist spraying, and the time is arranged in the morning and evening; opening a shading net and a plastic film in the seedling stage seedling raising shed, and gradually increasing illumination along with the growth of seedlings to improve the lignification degree of the seedlings; timely topdressing, wherein N fertilizer is used as a main fertilizer in the fast growing period, and P, K fertilizer is applied in a matched manner; weeding according to the principle of 'removing early, removing little and removing';
(7) air root cutting: cutting off the root system of the seedling growing downwards and outwards by applying the air root cutting principle, forming a large number of lateral roots and callus around the root system, multiplying the number of the lateral roots in the container matrix and interweaving the lateral roots with the matrix to form a root ball;
(8) data investigation: after the growth of Quercus salicina in autumn stops, 30 normal growing plants are selected in each block by adopting a random sampling method, the indexes of the relative chlorophyll content SPAD and the leaf area of the high, ground diameter and inverted 3 mature leaves of the seedling are measured, 12 plants are selected at random and brought back to a laboratory, and the indexes of the quality of overground and underground dry matter and the growth of the root system of the plant are measured.
3. The method of optimizing root mass of a light-weight substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven container seedling of claim 2, wherein: the non-woven fabric mesh bag is a degradable non-woven fabric of polypropylene fibers, has 7 specifications and is respectively as follows: 6cm × 12cm, 6cm × 15 cm, 6cm × 20cm, 6cm × 25cm, 8cm × 15 cm, 8cm × 20cm, and 8cm × 25 cm.
4. The method of optimizing root mass of a light-weight substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven container seedling of claim 2, wherein: when sowing, 2-3 seeds with 7 specifications of non-woven bags are spotted into each container, 30 bags of seeds are treated each, the steps are repeated for 3 times, and the seeds are randomly arranged in blocks; thinning is carried out in time after the seedlings emerge in the spring of the next year, and the most robust seedling is left in each bag.
5. The method of optimizing root mass of a light-weight substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven container seedling of claim 2, wherein: topdressing is carried out when 3-4 true leaves grow out from Quercus liaotungensis.
6. The method of optimizing root mass of a light-weight substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven container seedling of claim 2, wherein: seedling stage management: when more than 70% of root systems grow out of the side wall of the container, the spraying operation is stopped, the shading net is opened, the seedling is short in water shortage, and the root tip growing out of the side wall of the container wilts.
7. The method of optimizing root mass of a light-weight substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven container seedling of claim 2, wherein: the data survey specifically comprises: measuring the height and the ground diameter of the seedling by using a box ruler and a precision vernier caliper; measuring the relative chlorophyll content and leaf area of the seedling by using a hand-held chlorophyll meter and a laser leaf area meter; analyzing the plant root system subjected to root washing treatment by using a root system analysis system to obtain root length, root average diameter, total root surface area and total root volume indexes of the root system; drying the roots, stems and leaves to constant weight, and weighing the dry matter by an electronic balance.
8. The method of optimizing root mass of a light-weight substrate Quercus liaotungensis non-woven container seedling of claim 3, wherein: the specification of the non-woven fabric mesh bag is 6cm multiplied by 25 cm.
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| CN101715680A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2010-06-02 | 宁波市林特科技推广中心 | Method for promoting culture of cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. seedlings |
| CN104770271A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-15 | 云南大学 | German oak seed container seedling cultivation and forestation method |
| CN109618786A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-16 | 龙泉市林业科学研究院 | A kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method |
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| CN101715680A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2010-06-02 | 宁波市林特科技推广中心 | Method for promoting culture of cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. seedlings |
| CN104770271A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-15 | 云南大学 | German oak seed container seedling cultivation and forestation method |
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