CN109618786A - A kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method - Google Patents
A kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of plant variety breeding technology, and in particular to a kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method, this includes: when cultivating Schima superba container seedling, with 0.016~0.022 plant/cm2Density carry out a point disk nursery.The present invention can not only influence container seedling growth, biomass and its distribution by adjusting disk density is divided, and have an effect on nursery stock N/P nutrient content and seedling quality, to reach more preferably nursery effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant variety breeding technology, in particular to a kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method.
Background technique
Schima superba (scientific name: Schima superba) is one kind under Theaceae Schima.Taiwan is distributed in height above sea level 400
~2500 meters of mountain area.Bark has extremely strong alkaloid white crystals, belongs to poisonous plant.It can be used to malicious fish, desinsection, people should keep away
Exempt to touch.
Schima superba has the function of preventing fires and conserving water and soil, and is commonly used for afforesting, toxicity can also be used for biocidal wash.Schima superba
Cultivation is easy, and the surrival rate of afforestation is high, early stage fast-growing, is easily cultivated major diameter rank high quality timber with the mixed friendship such as China fir, masson pine, is China fir
The excellent substitution tree species that wood, masson pine slash update, widely producing region province payes attention to and likes.
Cultivation of container seedling is one of the main method of Schima superba nursery, however, existing Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method also compared with
Extensive, ununified standard, the container seedling cultivated are of low quality.Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method is furtherd investigate,
And standard is formulated, for improving China's Schima superba silviculture technique level, the development of schima superba plantation and forest quality is pushed to be promoted
It is of great significance.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
Dividing disk density is one of key measures of cultivation of container seedling.The present invention using 1 year raw container seedling of Schima superba as object,
4 kinds of points of disk density are set, analyzes container seedling growth, biomass, N/P under each density and is absorbed and utilized and seedling quality situation, it is indicated that
It is suitable for that Schima superba 1 year raw cultivation of container seedling divides disk density.
Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling methods, comprising:
When cultivating Schima superba container seedling, with 0.016~0.022 plant/cm2Density carry out a point disk nursery.
The present invention can not only influence container seedling growth, biomass and its distribution, have an effect on seedling by adjusting disk density is divided
The wooden N/P nutrient content and seedling quality, to reach more preferably nursery effect.
With the increase for dividing disk density, container seedling height of seedling, ground diameter and ratio of height to diameter are gradually increased, and three is up to most when regardless of disk
It is worth greatly, respectively 72.84cm, 6.68mm and 109.79, noticeably greater than other divide disk density；Similarly, stem, leaf, single plant biology
Amount and stem Bomass allocation increase with dividing the increasing of disk density to reach, and maximum value is reached when regardless of disk, and when root system is biological for root cap
Amount distribution but shows maximum value when dividing disk, with 36 Zhu ﹒ disk of density-1Processing is maximum；N/P concentration and content also show with point
The increase of disk density and improve, show that the very fast growth of nursery stock does not cause the dilution of nutrient；In terms of seedling quality index, regardless of
Disk does not reduce container seedling quality, however, providing according to Zhejiang Province's standard (DB33/653.1-2007), regardless of disk container height of seedling
Diameter ratio is greater than 100, is unqualified seedling, and the educated container seedling of color density meets qualified seedling requirement, and standard, divides disk Shi Hege accordingly
Seedling yield is noticeably greater than regardless of disk, and in 36 Zhu ﹒ disk of density-1Shi Hege seedling yield highest.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the different heights of seedling and ground diameter for dividing container seedling growth under disk density in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that difference divides each position N, P concentration difference of container seedling under disk density in one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling methods, comprising:
When cultivating Schima superba container seedling, with 0.016~0.022 plant/cm2Density carry out a point disk nursery.
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above, when cultivating Schima superba container seedling, with 0.018~0.021
Strain/cm2Density carry out a point disk nursery；
Disk density is divided to be also an option that 0.019 plant/cm2Or 0.020 plant/cm2。
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above, when dividing disk the size of seed plate used be (40cm~
46cm) × (40cm~46cm), it is also an option that 43cm × 43cm.
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above, the setting of container for plant growth side wall used in the container seedling supply
The through-hole that seedling root is grown.
The through-hole can be set to circle, ellipse, bar shaped, rectangle or other arbitrary shapes.
Light media non-woven container seedling absolutely not twines root meteorology, and nursery stock is hidden usually once burying and will directly grow
The restraining the growth of seedlings phase, if there are air to cut the callus formed after root for nursery stock, after burying can fulminant take root, while overground part
Divide directly violent long.This is that the container of remaining type so far can not be accomplished.These expose container outer wall and form callus
The root segment of tissue, inside supply nutrition always, cause the physiological status saved up strength to start out.In new nursery theory, this
Hold callus more advantageous than forming complicated root ball.In addition, air cut root avoid all roots unanimously downwards grow caused by
Packing phenomenon reduces the difficulty that lifts seedlings, while also guaranteeing still to retain a large amount of roots in seedling soil ball after transplanting, and greatly improves seedling
The success rate of transplanting.
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above, container for plant growth material used in the container seedling are nonwoven
Cloth bag.
Non-woven fabrics mesh bag is at low cost, and intensity is high, and light weight is ideal container for plant growth material.
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above, the diameter of container for plant growth used in the container seedling are 4.0
~5.0cm is highly 8cm~12cm.
Preferably, the conical structure that the container for plant growth can gradually narrow from top to bottom for cylindrical body or outer diameter.
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above, cultivating seedling medium used in the container seedling includes
Peat and husk.
In some specific embodiments, the peat is northeast peat.
In some specific embodiments, the peat pH value 5.8~6,2,180~220gkg of fiber content-1, slightly
148~168gkg of ash content-1, 710~730gkg of organic matter-1, 360~400gkg of total humic acid-1, dry density 0.2~
0.4kg·m-3, complete 13~15gkg of nitrogen-1, complete 0.6~0.8gkg of phosphorus-1, complete 2.5~2.9gkg of potassium-1。
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above cultivates base manure used in the container seedling and selects the U.S.
The Ai Beishi sustained slow-release fertilizer N-P of Xin Pulao company production2O5-K2O, 18-8-8, every cube of matrix apply 2.5kg~3.5kg,
Also it can choose 3kg.
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above, the Schima superba container seedling are 1 Nian Shengmiao.
Preferably, Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method as described above is planted to nursery after Schima superba sprout cultivating 2~4 months and is held
In device, divide disk nursery after the container for plant growth is cultivated 3~4 months.
Schima superba sprout can start to cultivate annual 1~March.
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
It can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Embodiment
1 test material and method
1.1 experimental field overviews
Experimental field in Longquan, Zhejiang Province city, base, forestry scientific research institute nursery, geographical location is 119 ° of 07'E, 28 ° of 04'N,
The ground category maritime monsoon climatic region of middle subtropical zone, 17.7 DEG C of average annual temperature, >=10 DEG C average annual 5 545.7 DEG C of accumulated temperature, Nian Jiangshui
Measure 1 664.8~1 706.2mm, frost-free period 261.2d.Experiment of Container nursing has the steel of the facilities such as spraying, sunshade in the nursery
It is carried out in structure cool canopy, the high 2.2m of canopy, spray sprinkling water system is housed, ceiling is covered with the Automatic-drawing sunshade of 65% light transmittance
Net.
1.2 test material
Fujian Jian'ou is originated from for examination Schima superba seed.Seedling medium mainly includes northeast peat and husk, wherein peat pH value
6.0, fiber content 200gkg-1, coarse ash 158gkg-1, organic matter 720.9gkg-1, total humic acid 381.8gkg-1,
Dry density 0.3kgm-3, full nitrogen 14.2gkg-1, full phosphorus 0.7gkg-1, full potassium 2.7gkg-1；Husk is through decomposed 1a.Matrix
Base manure selects Ai Beishi (Apex) sustained slow-release fertilizer (N-P of U.S. Xin Pulao company production2O5-K2O, 18-8-8), fertilizer efficiency 9
Month, every cube of matrix uniformly applies 3kg slow-release fertilizer.Container for plant growth is 4.5cm × 10cm (diameter × height) specification non-woven fabric net
Bag.Start in January, 2017 to cultivate Schima superba sprout, healthy and strong sprout is transplanted to Light media container by the end of March, disk nursery is divided at the beginning of 7 months.
1.3 experimental design
Using seed plate generally use in production, length × wide=43cm × 43cm specification, 4 kinds of points of disks of setting are close for this test
Degree, i.e., regardless of disk (81 plants of every disk), 25 Zhu ﹒ disks-1, 30 Zhu ﹒ disks-1With 36 Zhu ﹒ disks-1, 3 repetitions, the management such as moisture are conventional together to educate
Seedling.
1.4 index determining
After seedling growth stops in by the end of November, 2017, every each test process of repetition randomly chooses 30 plants of normal containers of growth
Seedling measures its height of seedling and ground diameter, and takes 10 plants of representative container seedling harvests at random, and a point processing repeats root, stem, leaf is separated, warp
Drying to constant weight at 68 DEG C after 105 DEG C of water-removing 30min, measures its amount of dry matter.Each organ co-grinding dry sample is weighed, is used
H2SO4-H2O2Method disappear boiling, and kjeldahl apparatus and inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer measurement N, P content is respectively adopted.Seedling
The wooden ratio of height to diameter (H/RCD), seedling quality index (QI), container seedling N, P content and concentration, nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency (Eu) and change
Different coefficient (CV) is respectively adopted following formula (1)~(7) and is calculated:
H/RCD=H/RCD......................................... (1)
Wherein, H and RCD is respectively height of seedling and ground diameter.
QI=BAP/ (Height/RCD+SB/RB) ... ... ... ... ... (2)
Wherein, BAP, SB and RB are respectively single plant, aerial part and root dry weight (Li et al.2017).
Each organ N, P content=N, P concentration × each organ amount of dry matter ... ... ... (3)
Whole strain N, P content=root N, P content+stem N, P content+leaf N, P content ... ... .. (4)
Whole strain N, P concentration=whole strain N, P content/whole strain amount of dry matter ... ... ... ... (5)
Eu=Nutrientuptake/RB.................................. (6)
Wherein, Nutrientuptake is that nursery stock absorbs nutrient, and RB is root biomass, and the utilization efficiency of N and P are adopted respectively
With indicating ENu and EPu.
CV=(S/X) × 100%....................................... (7)
Wherein, S is standard deviation, and X is mean value.
1.5 data processings and analysis
Grow etc. shape variance analysis and multiple using GLM model ANOVA program in Excel software and SPSS18.0
Compare, divides influence of the disk density to characters such as Schima superba 1 year raw container seedling growth, quality and nutrient uptake and utilizations to examine.
2 results and analysis
Influence of 2.1 points of disk density to container seedling growth
Schima superba container seedling height of seedling, Collar diameter growth are improved with the increase of seed plate inner pressurd vessel seedling strain number substantially, regardless of disk
I.e. every 81 plants of container seedlings of disk when highest, reach 72.84cm and 6.68mm respectively, and be significantly higher than color density respective value, every disk 30
Container seedling height of seedling and ground diameter difference is not significant (Fig. 1) between 36 plants of processing.Similarly, ratio of height to diameter is obvious with dividing disk density to increase
It improves, it is 109.79 that 81 plants of container seedling ratio of height to diameters of every disk are maximum, and noticeably greater than other divide disk processing costs, 36 plants of container seedlings of every disk
Ratio of height to diameter is 95.63, is significantly higher than the corresponding ratio of height to diameter (table 1) of two kinds of smaller point of disk density, however, according to Zhejiang Province's standard
(DB33/653.1-2007) regulation, it is unqualified seedling that ratio of height to diameter, which is greater than 100, and therefore, ratio of height to diameter value should not be too large, and divide disk
Ratio of height to diameter is still in qualified seedling claimed range at 36 plants of density.
In addition to Root dry weight, difference divides container seedling single plant dry mass under disk density, each organ dry mass and its allocation proportion
Difference is significant (table 1).When regardless of disk (81), single plant, stem and leaf dry mass and stem Bomass allocation ratio are larger, and at this time
Container seedling root/shoot ratio, root and Leaf biomass allocation proportion are minimum.Between color density processing, 25 and 30 plants of -1 liang of disk processing are each
Index respective value is almost the same, and 36 each index values of processing, in addition to root/shoot ratio and root biomass distribute, respectively less than two smaller points
Disk density processing costs.
Although being greater than 100 regardless of disk container seedling nursery stock ratio of height to diameter, performance figure is not reduced, between other processing
Difference is not significant (table 1), and possible seedling quality index is mainly influenced by biomass, most regardless of disk container seedling single plant dry mass
Greatly, and then there is the result.
1 difference of table divides Seedling biomass under disk density, distribution difference and seedling quality to compare
Influence of 2.2 points of disk density to container seedling nutrient uptake and utilization
Variance analysis shows that container seedling N, P concentration difference are significant (Fig. 2) between difference divides disk density.It is similar with growth traits,
Single plant and blade N, P concentration increase with seed plate inner pressurd vessel seedling strain number substantially and are improved, when 81 plants in seed plate, single plant and blade N, P
Concentration is higher, respectively 4.45mg/g-1、1.47mg/g-1And 7.24mg/g-1、1.21mg/g-1, hence it is evident that it is greater than at color density
Reason value.Lower stem N, P concentration difference of different densities processing is smaller, and only N concentration has differences, larger with 25 processing costs.Root between processing
It is N, P concentration then no significant difference.
As shown in Table 2, N, P nutrient content, in addition to root system, single plant and stem, the leaf significant difference between different densities, and with
81 plants of processing content highests of every disk, are significantly higher than other processing costs.Each organ nutrient allocation percentage between different disposal, blade N,
P distribution difference is unobvious, and there are significant difference, wherein stem N, P distribution is handled most with 81 plants of every disk for N, P distribution of root system and stem
Height is significantly higher than other processing, and root system N, P distribution are gradually reduced with the raising for dividing disk density substantially, with 81 plants of every disk
Processing costs is minimum, substantially less than other processing costs.N, P nutrientuse efficiency, with 81 plants of processing costs highests of every disk, respectively
23.28mg ﹒ g-1With 7.66mg ﹒ g-1, it is significantly higher than other processing.
2 difference of table divides nursery stock nutrient content under disk density, each organ nutrient allocation, and when utilization efficiency compares
In addition, opposite other divide disk density to handle, regardless of the variation of the container seedling only height of seedling, N, P Nutrient Absorption of disk processing
It is smaller, but the process container seedling ground diameter, single plant dry mass, root/shoot ratio, N and P utilize and seedling quality index then show it is larger
Differentiation；And divide 36 plants of disk density processing then only the variation of P utilization efficiency is slightly larger, other indexs of nursery stock include seedling under the processing
Wooden volume index is more stable (table 3).
3 difference of table divides seedling growth and nutrient uptake and utilization differentiation parameter (%) under disk density
It is worth noting that, qualified seedling rate is substantially reduced (table 4) with dividing disk density to increase, divide disk density 25 and 30 and
30 and 36 two-by-two handle between difference it is not significant, but this three kinds of points of disk density qualification seedling rates be all remarkably higher than regardless of (81 plants) of disk handle
Value, first three divides disk density by the qualified seedling rate of standard of ground diameter to be 100%, using height of seedling and ratio of height to diameter as the qualified seedling of standard
Rate 95% or so, regardless of disk qualification seedling rate only using height of seedling as standard when it is higher, also only 83.05%, other standards are then more
It is low.By table 4 it can also be seen that unit area qualification seedling quantity is with dividing the increase of disk density first to increase reduces again, dividing disk density
When 36, qualified seedling yield highest, up to 168 plants/m2Although not up to counting water with the qualified seedling quantity for dividing disk density 30 to handle
Flat significant difference, but every m2Difference still at 30 plants or more, for entire nursery, which be can not be ignored.
4 difference of table divides container seedling qualification seedling rate and yield per unit area under disk density
Note: height of seedling, ground diameter and ratio of height to diameter qualification seedling rate respectively refer to Zhejiang Province's standard (DB33/653.1-2007) in table
Specified in Schima superba qualification seedling height of seedling, ground diameter and ratio of height to diameter size (height of seedling >=25cm, ground diameter >=0.3cm, ratio of height to diameter≤100) meter
It calculates, overall qualification seedling rate then indicates height of seedling, ground diameter and ratio of height to diameter while meeting qualification seedling index size specified in standard
3. discussing
Under high concentration environment, plant growth competition is more fierce, grows to strive for more light resources to higher height, because
This density more influences plant Seedling height.The present invention divides disk density to significantly affect Schima superba container seedling growth as the result is shown, with point
The raising of disk density, container seedling height of seedling, ground diameter dramatically increase, and have particularly facilitated Seedling height growth.However, seedling growth is excessively high because disappearing
Consumption nutrient will affect the thickening of its stem, and container seedling Seedling height under higher point of disk density is relatively fast, leads to its ratio of height to diameter
It increases, until container seedling ratio of height to diameter has exceeded Zhejiang Province's standard (DB33/653.1-2007) to Schima superba up to 109.79 when regardless of disk
The regulation of qualified seedling (≤100).Because influencing, afforestation survives the container seedling of excessively high ratio of height to diameter and early growth builds up and is classified as not conforming to
Therefore lattice seedling should divide disk density nursery using be suitable for when nursery, rationally control that nursery stock is high, Diameter growth, to improve nursery stock
Wooden amount and qualified seedling rate.
Biggish point of disk density also significantly promotes Schima superba container seedling stem, leaf and biomass of individual tree and increases, i.e. high density energy
Enough growths of promoting competition property tree species Schima superba growth especially stem, hence it is evident that influence each organ biomass distribution.The present invention divides disk density
Schima superba container root system amount of dry matter is had no significant effect, possible cause be participate in the experiment container seedling Root growing space it is unified, life
Long container is base diameter 4.5cm, height 10cm non-woven container bag, which can satisfy current year raw Schima superba
The growth demand of container seedling root system, while cutting root plus air and limiting the indeterminate growth of Schima superba container seedling root system, at this point, point
Disk density is unique race condition of each processing container seedling, this rearing condition significantly affects container seedling stem biomass, dry matter
Amount is maximum regardless of disk processing.The distribution of stem and root biomass is obviously by dividing disk density to be influenced, and the two is with dividing disk density
Increase show opposite trend, stem amount of substance increases with dividing disk density to increase, may because under fixed space nutrient by
Limit, root system amount of dry matter are then reduced with dividing disk density to increase.The growth of each point of disk density containers seedling aerial part and root system is special
Property achieved root/shoot ratio naturally with dividing disk density to increase and reduced changing rule.
It is interesting that dividing disk density to significantly affect container seedling pair under the conditions of respectively processing container seedling matrix nutrient is consistent
N, P nutrient is absorbed and utilized.Regardless of disk container seedling because having apparent height of seedling and stem biomass accumulation, so that its absorption and accumulation
A large amount of N, P nutrient, therefore, the process container seedling stem, leaf N, P nutrient content are significantly higher than other and divide disk density, because of dose
Identical, therefore N, P nutrientuse efficiency are also improved significantly.Meanwhile disk density is divided to hold according to difference in result of the present invention
The growth of device seedling and nutrient uptake and utilization situation, the fast-growth of seedling body do not cause its nutrient to dilute.
Disk density is divided to significantly affect qualified seedling rate and unit area qualification seedling yield.It can increase to the maximum extent regardless of disk and educate
Seedling quantity, but cause seedling growth to generate fierce Seedling height and stem, Leaf biomass accumulation competition, cause in the process because overstocked
So that ratio of height to diameter is improved and is not met qualified seedling standard, also therefore leads to being decreased obviously for unit area qualification seedling yield.
Therefore, according to the present invention as a result, Schima superba container seedling is reasonable under the seed plate and container for plant growth specification that the present invention uses
Divide disk density be 30~40 plants of disks-1。
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, but those skilled in the art should understand that: its
It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features
It is equivalently replaced；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention skill that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method characterized by comprising
When cultivating Schima superba container seedling, with 0.016~0.022 plant/cm2Density carry out a point disk nursery.
2. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when cultivating Schima superba container seedling, with
0.018~0.021 plant/cm2Density carry out a point disk nursery.
3. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the size for dividing seed plate used when disk is
(40cm~46cm) × (40cm~46cm).
4. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that container for plant growth used in the container seedling
The through-hole grown for seedling root is arranged in side wall.
5. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that container for plant growth used in the container seedling
Material is non-woven fabrics mesh bag.
6. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that nursery used in the container seedling
The diameter of container is 4.0~5.0cm, is highly 8cm~12cm.
7. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cultivate and educated used in the container seedling
Seedling matrix includes peat and husk.
8. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 1 or claim 7, which is characterized in that cultivate used in the container seedling
Base manure select the U.S. Xin Pulao company production Ai Beishi sustained slow-release fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O, 18-8-8, every cube of matrix apply
2.5kg~3.5kg.
9. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Schima superba container seedling is life in 1 year
Seedling.
10. Schima superba cultivation of container seedling method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that Schima superba sprout cultivating 2~4 months
After plant to container for plant growth, the container for plant growth cultivate 3~4 months after divide disk nursery.
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| CN110122298A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The method that the fining of masson pine container seedling is cultivated |
| CN111602587A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-09-01 | 山西省林业科学研究院 | Method for optimizing light matrix quercus liaotungensis non-woven fabric container seedling root ball |
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