CN110915512A - Seedling raising method for controlling roots of castanea mollissima tannin extracts through efficient bacteriostasis - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for controlling roots of castanea mollissima tannin extracts through efficient bacteriostasis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method for high-efficiency bacteriostasis and root control of a castanea mollissima extract, which aims to solve two prominent technical problems of mixed bacteria infection and root system influence of a straight root in the traditional castanea mollissima extract seedling raising, and comprises the following steps: preparing clean seeds, preparing a laminated substrate, initiating seeds, preparing a laminated vessel, laminating, accelerating germination, growing seedlings, transplanting seedlings, absorbing a root system initial promotion stage, promoting a strong seedling root system, and hardening seedlings for planting. The seedling raising method achieves the effects of effectively removing harmful mixed bacteria pollution of seeds by using few or even no chemical sterilization agents through bacteriostasis and root control breeding in the sprouting and root system development processes of the castanea mollissima tannin extract seedlings, and improving the effects of inhibiting main roots, promoting lateral roots and cultivating developed horizontal absorption root systems in the rooting and development processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and relates to an antibacterial root control cultivation method for germination of castanea mollissima tannin extract seedlings and development of seedling root systems, in particular to an efficient seedling cultivation method for controlling main roots and promoting lateral roots by combining a root system development process in an antibacterial seedling stage.
Background
The Castanea mollissima extract is a evergreen fagaceae plant with long and strip leaves, is an excellent greening and ecological tree species, and can become excellent tree species for materials and urban greening through genetic improvement; meanwhile, the Castanea mollissima tannin extract is also an important resource plant of wood, nuts and tannin extract in the south of China, and the artificial forest production mainly comprises sowing and seedling raising. However, the existing seedling cultivation of the castanea mollissima extract generally has certain problems, on one hand, the castanea mollissima extract is easy to infect mixed bacteria due to seeds, so that the problems of less seedlings, irregular seedlings, poor seedling quality and the like in seeding and seedling cultivation are easily caused; on the other hand, the castanea mollissima tannin extract seedlings have strong uprooting property, so that the problem of undeveloped root systems with long main roots and few lateral roots exists, the survival rate of afforestation is generally low, for example, the survival rate of afforestation in bare-rooted seedling transplantation of 1-2 years is as low as about 10 percent, the time of the seedling revival stage is long, even in container seedling transplantation of 1 year, the instantaneity is inhibited due to the inherent shortage of the base number of absorbed roots, and the management and protection cost of the seedling stage and the young stand is increased. These problems affect the scale of the existing planting development of the castanea mollissima extract, and the economic development and the utilization value thereof are greatly limited.
At present, aiming at the root system problem of the seedling raising of the castanopsis mollissima extract, root cutting treatment is mainly carried out at the radicle germination stage or the seedling stage, so that the main root is inhibited, the lateral root growth is promoted, and a developed level absorption root system is expected to be cultivated, so as to be beneficial to the survival and the growth recovery of the castanopsis mollissima extract transplantation. Although the root cutting treatment can better cultivate developed root systems, when the root cutting is too early (such as the germination period of radicles), the inhibition effect of the main root is not ideal, and the purpose of cultivating the root systems cannot be achieved; if the root cutting is too late, the root cutting is easy to damage the root system too much in the second seedling stage of seedling transplantation, and the incidence rate of seedling infection, germ decay and death is increased.
The other major problem of the castanea mollissima tannin seedling raising is that seeds are susceptible to infectious microbes, when the castanea mollissima seeds are not pretreated or treated improperly, the seed coats are dark in color and luster, and are easy to infect the infectious microbes to cause late germination, so that the problems of less emergence of seedlings, irregular emergence of seedlings and poor seedling quality occur. Therefore, in order to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings and high quality of seedlings, pretreatment is mostly carried out by adopting a sterilization mode of endogenous chemical agents or a mode of combining disinfection with low-temperature storage. However, the sterilization effect of the treatment modes is not ideal in practical use, not only is the production cost increased, but also the balance of endophytes in the seeds is damaged, and the problem of seedling emergence irregularity is not fundamentally relieved. For example, when the castanea mollissima tannin seeds are subjected to aseptic treatment, the germination is promoted in the tissue culture medium environment, the infectious rate of mixed bacteria still occurs by 90%, the emergence time is prolonged by more than 1 month, and the emergence rate is as low as 5%.
Nowadays, the problems of seed infectious microbes and mildew and taproot root system are important problems restricting the development of economic forest trees of Fagaceae, especially the blackcurrant tannin is the most serious, so corresponding research and development are urgently needed, and the seedling raising method capable of solving the problems of seed infectious microbes and mildew and taproot system is expected to be developed in a breakthrough manner.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency bacteriostatic root-controlling seedling raising method for castanopsis mollissima, which aims to solve two outstanding technical problems of mixed bacteria infection and straight root system influence in the current castanopsis mollissima seedling raising.
(2) Technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency bacteriostatic root-controlling seedling raising method for castanea mollissima extract, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seed purification is prepared; taking the mature castanea mollissima tannin extract buds in the current year, taking out single seeds, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, and removing the seeds which float in a water meter and are eaten by shrivelled seeds, astringent grains and insect pests to obtain full and healthy seeds;
in the steps, the two sides of the Castanea mollissima Castanea extract bract can be clamped by forceps, so that the Castanea mollissima extract bract is cracked along the sparse middle part of the bract, and then the single seed can be taken out.
Step two, preparing a laminated substrate; taking fresh and clean river sand as a material, sieving and washing the fresh and clean river sand by a 100-mesh sieve, and removing coarse sand to obtain a river sand laminated matrix with uniform grain grade gradient;
step three, seed priming; cleaning castanea mollissima tannin seeds with clean running water, and soaking the castanea mollissima tannin seeds in distilled water for 24 hours to ensure that the water content of the seeds reaches 30-40 percent;
step four, preparing a laminated vessel; preparing a round or square vessel with the height of 30-40cm as a laminated vessel;
in the above steps, in order to observe the state of the seeds conveniently, an upper layer of draw box type interlayer and a lower layer of draw box type interlayer are respectively arranged at positions 5cm away from the upper end surface and the lower end surface in the laminated vessel, and the specifications of the upper layer of draw box type interlayer and the lower layer of draw box type interlayer are matched with the space size in the vessel, so that the upper layer of draw box type interlayer and the lower layer of draw box type interlayer are used for dividing the round or square vessel into three areas in a closed manner, and the length, the width or the diameter of the draw box type interlayer; the upper and lower isolation layers can be used for observing the moisture of the seeds and the conditions of fungus infection, thus being beneficial to regulating and controlling the humidity of the Castanea mollissima extract storage layer to meet the reasonable humidity requirement.
Step five, lamination treatment; spraying the river sand lamination substrate with distilled water to be wet under the condition that the temperature is 6-13 ℃ in winter, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4-5cm at the bottom in the lamination vessel, laying 6-8 layers of lamination units on the river sand lamination substrate in a layering manner, and then laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4-5cm on the river sand lamination unit; wherein the lamination unit is sequentially provided with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, initiated seeds and river sand lamination matrixes with the thickness of 1-2cm from bottom to top; the initiated seeds are transversely placed, and the placing distance between the seeds is 0.3-0.5 cm;
in the above steps, in order to observe the state of the seeds conveniently, if an upper layer and a lower layer of draw box type interlayer are arranged in the lamination vessel, the river sand lamination substrate with the bottom thickness of 4-5cm is laid at the bottom in the lamination vessel, 6-8 layers of lamination units are laid on the lower layer interlayer in the lamination vessel, the river sand lamination substrate with the upper thickness of 4-5cm is laid on the upper layer interlayer in the lamination vessel and can be laid to the top of the lamination vessel, wherein the lamination units are lamination units consisting of the river sand with the thickness of 1cm, the priming seeds and the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 1-2cm, and the 6-8 layers of lamination units are laid on the upper layer interlayer in the lamination vessel, and the thickness of each lamination unit is 4-5 cm; meanwhile, the placement distance of the initiated seeds close to the inner wall of the laminated vessel is slightly longer and is kept above 1 cm.
Step six, accelerating germination; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 50-65% in the process of the stage, controlling the humidity of the river sand lamination matrix to be 30-40% in the lamination treatment, and growing the radicles of the seeds and exposing the white buds after 90 days;
in the above steps, generally, the glossiness of the seed coat will change with the change of its moisture, and the rule is: when the skin color is light and the color is light, the moisture of the seeds is low, and the moisture needs to be supplemented; when the seed skin is dark in color and dark in color, the water content is too high, and the water supply needs to be reduced; when the seed skin is thick but not thick and the color is bright and oil, the seeds are healthy, which indicates that the water content of the castanea mollissima tannin seeds is saturated and the castanea mollissima tannin seeds are in the period of highest seed vitality. In the seed stratification, germination and cultivation method, the humidity of river sand stratification substrate can reach 60-80% at the beginning, the later-stage humidity is controlled to be 30-40%, if the upper and lower drawout box type interlayers are arranged in the stratification vessel, spraying water can be used for regulating and controlling the humidity of the stratification by observing the glossiness of seed coats in the upper and lower interlayers, the interlayer can be extracted to observe the color of seeds every 5-7 days, and the humidity of the stratification is regulated and controlled by spraying water; meanwhile, when the indoor humidity is too low, the humidity can be increased through the mist spraying.
Seventhly, growing the bud seedlings; after the radicle of the seed grows white and grows white, after 10-15 days, when the radicle length of the seed reaches 2-4cm, the seedling bed is grown on the radicle, and the seedling is sowed in the middle and last ten days of the next 3 months;
at present, aiming at the endophyte phenomenon research of the fagaceae plant environment, most of the plants are beneficial bacteria, even symbiotic bacteria, and seeds of the plants can be in a balanced and stable state with the endophyte. Generally, when the water content of seeds is too high within 3 months of the germination of the seeds, the seeds are contacted with each other, and the seeds are easy to mildew; when the water content of the seeds is too low (lower than 12%), the vitality of the seeds is reduced, and the germination rate is sharply reduced. Therefore, when the seeds are collected in the middle of 11 months of the mature seeds and the low-temperature room temperature condition from 12 months to 2 months of the next year is utilized, the external environment of the stable state of the endophyte for the germination of the castanopsis mollissima seeds can be maintained when the water content of the seeds reaches a certain degree, namely a certain low-temperature humidity range, so that the problem of seed infection with mixed bacteria can be well solved, and the use of chemical reagents is reduced.
The first step to the seventh step, the purpose is to reduce the mixed bacteria pollution in the chinquapin tannin seed germination process and promote the seed germination, the germination rate can reach more than 90 percent through the steps, and meanwhile, the emergence is ensured to be neat; through the process, the activity of the seeds is balanced and maintained by using endophytes carried by the castanea mollissima tannin extract.
Step eight, transplanting the seedlings; uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow soil according to the volume ratio of 2-3:1 to prepare seedling substrate soil, filling the seedling substrate soil into mesh-shaped non-woven seedling containers with the diameter of 6-8cm and the height of 14-16cm, transplanting each seedling into each seedling container, and placing the seedling containers on a movable seedbed;
in the steps, 1-2 days before transplanting, watering can be carried out to moisten the seedling substrate soil, then transplanting each seedling into each seedling container, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Step nine, absorbing the initial contribution stage of the root system; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 50-65% in the stage process, spraying water in 5-7 days after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and moisturizing the seedling culture substrate soil; after the bud seedlings are transplanted for 30 days, when the main roots grow to the bottom of the seedling culture container and are exposed, air root pruning is carried out to inhibit the growth of the main roots, and then the upper parts and the base parts of the main roots can sprout lateral roots firstly, and the lateral roots are mostly parallel and transversely rooted; after the lateral roots grow to the side wall of the seedling culture container, the lateral roots are repaired by air to promote the germination of the next part or the next level of lateral roots in sequence; wherein, in the process of implementing the treatment of repairing lateral roots by air and promoting the growth of the lateral roots, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.08 percent is applied at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days for 8-10 times, and the fertilization is stopped after 9 months;
step ten, strengthening the root system of the seedling; tearing off the meshed non-woven fabric of the original seedling culture container in 3 months in the third year, transplanting the seedlings in the initial root absorption stage into the meshed non-woven fabric seedling culture container with the diameter of 14-16cm and the height of 20-25cm, and carrying out strong seedling culture for enlarging the root system, wherein the seedling culture matrix soil filled in the seedling culture container is prepared by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 2-3:1, and carrying out spray watering after transplanting to preserve the seedling culture matrix soil; in the middle ten days of 4 months, when the main root grows until the bottom of the seedling culture container is exposed, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent is applied, and the thin nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time and 6 to 8 times every 15 days.
In the above step, when the main roots sprout and grow until the bottom of the seedling container is exposed, the growth treatment period of the lateral roots is basically started at the beginning of 5 months.
Eleven, hardening seedlings and planting; and (4) moving out of the greenhouse at the beginning of 9 months in the third year, placing the greenhouse outdoors for hardening seedlings, and planting the seedlings in containers in the spring of the fourth year.
In the steps, the greenhouse is removed in the beginning of 9 months in the third year, and the winter is required to be protected from freezing; the afforestation is carried out in spring of the fourth year in the state of container seedlings, the survival rate of the afforestation in the current year can reach more than 95 percent by the method of the invention, and the preservation rate of the afforestation in the second year can reach more than 98 percent.
The eight to eleven steps are carried out, and the aim is to utilize an air natural root pruning method which rarely damages the root system, combine the development process of the root system and culture developed root systems in stages.
Preferably, the layering process in the fifth step is that under the condition that the temperature in winter is 10 ℃, the river sand layering substrate is sprayed to be wet by distilled water, and the river sand layering substrate with the thickness of 4.5cm is laid on the bottom in the layering vessel, then 7 layers of layering units are laid on the river sand layering substrate layer by layer, and then the river sand layering substrate with the thickness of 4.5cm is laid on the river sand layering substrate layer by layer; wherein the lamination unit is sequentially provided with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, initiated seeds and river sand lamination matrixes with the thickness of 1.5cm from bottom to top; and the initiated seeds are transversely placed, and the placing distance between the seeds is 0.4 cm.
Preferably, the germination accelerating treatment in the sixth step is that the indoor environment humidity in the germination accelerating process is controlled to be 55-60%, the humidity of the river sand laminated substrate in the laminating treatment is controlled to be 34-38%, and after 90 days, the radicles of the seeds grow out and the sprouts are exposed to white.
Preferably, the seedling transplanting in the step eight is to uniformly mix turfy soil and fresh yellow soil according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1 to prepare seedling matrix soil, fill the seedling matrix soil into mesh-shaped non-woven seedling containers with the diameter of 7cm and the height of 15cm, transplant each seedling into each seedling container, and place the seedling containers on a movable seedling bed.
Preferably, the root system of the strong seedlings in the step ten is promoted, in 3 months in the third year, the mesh-shaped non-woven fabric of the original seedling culture container is torn off, the seedlings in the initial promotion stage of the absorbed root system are transplanted into the mesh-shaped non-woven fabric seedling culture container with the diameter of 15cm and the height of 23cm, the strong seedlings with the expanded root system are cultured, the seedling culture substrate soil filled in the seedling culture container in the step is prepared by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1, and after transplanting, fog spray watering is carried out to preserve the moisture of the seedling culture substrate soil; in the middle ten days of 4 months, when the main root grows until the bottom of the seedling culture container is exposed, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent is applied, and the thin nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time and 6 to 8 times every 15 days.
The invention discloses a method for breeding castanea mollissima tannin extract seedlings, which comprises the following steps of breeding castanea mollissima tannin extract seedlings, breeding the castanea mollissima tannin extract seedlings, and carrying out root control breeding on the castanea mollissima tannin extract seedlings. Meanwhile, the quality of the seedlings and the afforestation production quality can be improved, and the seedling cultivation cost is reduced.
The high-efficiency strong seedling nursery stock bred by the developed root system in the castanea mollissima tannin extract seeding and seedling raising is mainly characterized in that the seed germination period is in the balance state of endophyte, the occurrence of infectious microbe is little or no, and simultaneously the developed lateral root system of the root is absorbed in parallel in the seedling period.
The cultivation method of the castanea mollissima extract high-efficiency antibacterial root-control seedling-strengthening seedling mainly comprises three stages, wherein the first stage is to collect castanea mollissima extract total buds, take seeds, clean the seeds by water washing to obtain full and healthy seeds, wash the seeds by clean running water, soak the seeds to obtain bud seedling pretreatment materials with the water content of the seeds of 30-40%, then carry out sand storage lamination treatment, regulate and control the humidity of the castanea mollissima extract storage lamination treatment to 30-40% by mist spraying, and obtain the bud seedlings without mixed bacteria pollution and with high efficiency rate of emergence; in the second stage, transplanting the bud seedlings into a mesh-shaped non-woven fabric seedling raising container with a certain specification, firstly, naturally growing the main roots to the inhibition effect of air root pruning, then, carrying out fertilization management for promoting lateral root germination and the effect of air root pruning to culture nursery stocks with a plurality of parallel absorption root systems; and in the third stage, transplanting the initially bred nursery stock with the absorbed root system into a larger mesh-shaped non-woven fabric container, naturally growing the main root to the inhibition effect of air pruning, carrying out fertilization management for promoting lateral root germination and air pruning, and cultivating a healthy and strong seedling with a developed root system.
(3) Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
on one hand, the castanopsis mollissima tannin extract seeds are subjected to breakthrough stratification treatment through the river sand stratification matrix and the river sand, and the cultivation of the castanopsis mollissima tannin extract seedlings is carried out by utilizing the castanopsis mollissima endophyte balanced environment, so that the method is obviously different from the conventional chemical sterilization treatment method, the harmful mixed bacteria pollution of the seeds can be effectively removed by using little or even no chemical sterilization agent, the quality of the seedlings is improved, the emergence rate of the castanopsis mollissima tannin seeds is improved, and the cultivation of high-efficiency seedling-growing strong seedlings is realized.
On the other hand, the invention carries out the air root pruning action in turn on the basis of the natural growth of the root system according to the staged cultivation of the root system development rule, which is greatly different from the current castanea mollissima tannin seedling raising material which obtains a developed root system by cutting the mechanically damaged root of the root system, greatly reduces the damage to the young and tender root system, achieves the effects of inhibiting the main root and promoting the side root in the rooting and development process, realizes the effect of cultivating the developed level and absorbing the root system, and improves the quality of the seedling.
In addition, the efficient bacteriostatic root-controlling seedling raising method of the castanea mollissima tannin extract can improve the quality of seedlings and the afforestation production quality, reduce the seedling raising cost and is suitable for popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved purposes and the effects of the invention easily understood and obvious, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below to further illustrate the invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all the embodiments.
In 3 embodiments of the invention, natural secondary broad-leaved castanea mollissima tannin seeds from Leping county, Chongyi county and Guangdong county of Jiangxi province are taken as seedling raising materials respectively, and sowing and seedling raising are carried out.
Example 1
The specific embodiment is a seedling raising method of castanea mollissima extract, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seed purification is prepared; taking the mature castanea mollissima tannin extract buds in the current year, taking out single seeds, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, and removing the seeds which float in a water meter and are eaten by shrivelled seeds, astringent grains and insect pests to obtain full and healthy seeds;
step two, preparing a laminated substrate; taking fresh and clean river sand as a material, sieving and washing the fresh and clean river sand by a 100-mesh sieve, and removing coarse sand to obtain a river sand laminated matrix with uniform grain grade gradient;
step three, seed priming; cleaning the castanea mollissima tannin seeds with clean running water, and soaking the castanea mollissima tannin seeds in distilled water for 24 hours to ensure that the water content of the seeds reaches 30 percent;
step four, preparing a laminated vessel; preparing a round vessel with the height of 40cm as a laminated vessel, wherein in order to facilitate observing the state of seeds, an upper layer of draw box type interlayer and a lower layer of draw box type interlayer are respectively arranged at positions 5cm away from the upper end surface and the lower end surface in the laminated vessel, and the specifications of the draw box type interlayer of the upper layer and the draw box type interlayer of the lower layer are matched with the space size in the vessel;
step five, lamination treatment; under the condition that the temperature is 6 ℃ in winter, spraying the river sand lamination substrate with distilled water until the river sand lamination substrate is wet, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 5cm on the bottom in the lamination vessel, laying 6 layers of lamination units on the lower interlayer layer in a layering manner, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 5cm on the upper interlayer layer, and laying the river sand lamination substrate to the top of the lamination vessel; wherein the lamination unit is sequentially provided with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, initiated seeds and river sand lamination matrix with the thickness of 1cm from bottom to top; the initiated seeds are transversely placed, and the placing distance between the seeds is 0.5 cm; meanwhile, the placement distance of the initiated seeds close to the inner wall of the laminated vessel is slightly longer and is kept above 1 cm;
step six, accelerating germination; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 50-55% in the process, controlling the humidity of the river sand lamination matrix to be 37-40% in the lamination treatment by observing the glossiness of seed coats in the upper and lower interlayers, extracting the interlayer to observe the seed color every 5 days, and spraying water to regulate the humidity of the lamination treatment; meanwhile, when the indoor humidity is too low, the humidity can be increased through fog spraying, and after 90 days, the radicle of the seed grows out and the white buds appear;
seventhly, growing the bud seedlings; after the radicle of the seed grows white and grows white, after 10-15 days, when the radicle length of the seed reaches 2-4cm, the seedling bed is grown on the radicle, and the seedling is sowed in the middle and last ten days of the next 3 months;
step eight, transplanting the seedlings; uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow soil according to a volume ratio of 3:1 to prepare seedling substrate soil, filling the seedling substrate soil into mesh-shaped non-woven seedling containers with the diameter of 6cm and the height of 16cm, transplanting each seedling into each seedling container, and placing the seedling containers on a movable seedbed;
step nine, absorbing the initial contribution stage of the root system; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 50-55% in the stage process, spraying water at 7-day intervals after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and moisturizing the seedling substrate soil; after the bud seedlings are transplanted for 30 days, when the main roots grow to the bottom of the seedling culture container and are exposed, air root pruning is carried out to inhibit the growth of the main roots, and then the upper parts and the base parts of the main roots can sprout lateral roots firstly, and the lateral roots are mostly parallel and transversely rooted; after the lateral roots grow to the side wall of the seedling culture container, the lateral roots are repaired by air to promote the germination of the next part or the next level of lateral roots in sequence; wherein, in the process of implementing the treatment of repairing lateral roots by air and promoting the growth of the lateral roots, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.08 percent is applied at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days for 8-10 times, and the fertilization is stopped after 9 months;
step ten, strengthening the root system of the seedling; tearing off the meshed non-woven fabric of the original seedling culture container in 3 months in the third year, transplanting the seedlings in the initial stage of absorbing the root system into the meshed non-woven fabric seedling culture container with the diameter of 14cm and the height of 25cm, and carrying out strong seedling culture for enlarging the root system, wherein the seedling culture matrix soil filled in the seedling culture container is prepared by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 2:1, and carrying out spray watering after transplanting to preserve moisture; in the middle ten days of 4 months, when the main root grows until the bottom of the seedling culture container is exposed, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent is applied, and the thin nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time and 6 to 8 times every 15 days.
Eleven, hardening seedlings and planting; and (4) moving out of the greenhouse at the beginning of 9 months in the third year, paying attention to winter freezing prevention, placing the greenhouse outdoors for hardening seedlings, and planting the seedlings in the fourth year in spring through container seedlings.
Example 2
The specific embodiment is a seedling raising method of castanea mollissima extract, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seed purification is prepared; taking the mature castanea mollissima tannin extract buds in the current year, taking out single seeds, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, and removing the seeds which float in a water meter and are eaten by shrivelled seeds, astringent grains and insect pests to obtain full and healthy seeds;
step two, preparing a laminated substrate; taking fresh and clean river sand as a material, sieving and washing the fresh and clean river sand by a 100-mesh sieve, and removing coarse sand to obtain a river sand laminated matrix with uniform grain grade gradient;
step three, seed priming; cleaning the castanea mollissima tannin seeds with clean running water, and soaking the castanea mollissima tannin seeds in distilled water for 24 hours to ensure that the water content of the seeds reaches 35 percent;
step four, preparing a laminated vessel; preparing a square vessel with the height of 35cm as a laminated vessel, wherein in order to facilitate observing the state of seeds, an upper layer of draw box type interlayer and a lower layer of draw box type interlayer are respectively arranged at positions 5cm away from the upper end surface and the lower end surface in the laminated vessel, and the specifications of the draw box type interlayer of the upper layer and the draw box type interlayer of the lower layer are matched with the space size in the vessel;
step five, lamination treatment; under the condition that the temperature is 10 ℃ in winter, spraying the river sand lamination substrate to be wet by using distilled water, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4.5cm on the bottom in the lamination vessel, laying 7 layers of lamination units on the lower interlayer layer in a layering manner, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4.5cm on the upper interlayer layer, and laying the river sand lamination substrate to the top of the lamination vessel; wherein the lamination unit is sequentially provided with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, initiated seeds and river sand lamination matrix with the thickness of 1.5cm from bottom to top; the initiated seeds are transversely placed, and the placing distance between the seeds is 0.4 cm; meanwhile, the placement distance of the initiated seeds close to the inner wall of the laminated vessel is slightly longer and is kept above 1 cm;
step six, accelerating germination; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 55-60% in the process, controlling the humidity of the river sand lamination matrix to be 34-38% in the lamination treatment by observing the glossiness of seed coats in the upper and lower interlayers, extracting the interlayer to observe the seed color every 6 days, and spraying water to regulate the humidity of the lamination treatment; meanwhile, when the indoor humidity is too low, the humidity can be increased through fog spraying, and after 90 days, the radicle of the seed grows out and the white buds appear;
seventhly, growing the bud seedlings; after the radicle of the seed grows white and grows white, after 10-15 days, when the radicle length of the seed reaches 2-4cm, the seedling bed is grown on the radicle, and the seedling is sowed in the middle and last ten days of the next 3 months;
step eight, transplanting the seedlings; uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow soil according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1 to prepare seedling substrate soil, filling the seedling substrate soil into mesh-shaped non-woven seedling containers with the diameter of 7cm and the height of 15cm, transplanting each seedling into each seedling container, and placing the seedling containers on a moving seedbed;
step nine, absorbing the initial contribution stage of the root system; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 55-60% in the stage process, spraying water at 6-day intervals after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and moisturizing the seedling culture substrate soil; after the bud seedlings are transplanted for 30 days, when the main roots grow to the bottom of the seedling culture container and are exposed, air root pruning is carried out to inhibit the growth of the main roots, and then the upper parts and the base parts of the main roots can sprout lateral roots firstly, and the lateral roots are mostly parallel and transversely rooted; after the lateral roots grow to the side wall of the seedling culture container, the lateral roots are repaired by air to promote the germination of the next part or the next level of lateral roots in sequence; wherein, in the process of implementing the treatment of repairing lateral roots by air and promoting the growth of the lateral roots, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.08 percent is applied at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days for 8-10 times, and the fertilization is stopped after 9 months;
step ten, strengthening the root system of the seedling; tearing off the meshed non-woven fabric of the original seedling culture container in 3 months in the third year, transplanting the seedlings in the initial stage of absorbing the root system into the meshed non-woven fabric seedling culture container with the diameter of 15cm and the height of 23cm, and carrying out strong seedling culture for enlarging the root system, wherein the seedling culture matrix soil filled in the seedling culture container is prepared by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1, and carrying out fog spray watering after transplanting to moisturize the seedling culture matrix soil; in the middle ten days of 4 months, when the main root grows until the bottom of the seedling culture container is exposed, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent is applied, and the thin nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time and 6 to 8 times every 15 days.
Eleven, hardening seedlings and planting; and (4) moving out of the greenhouse at the beginning of 9 months in the third year, paying attention to winter freezing prevention, placing the greenhouse outdoors for hardening seedlings, and planting the seedlings in the fourth year in spring through container seedlings.
Example 3
The specific embodiment is a seedling raising method of castanea mollissima extract, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seed purification is prepared; taking the mature castanea mollissima tannin extract buds in the current year, taking out single seeds, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, and removing the seeds which float in a water meter and are eaten by shrivelled seeds, astringent grains and insect pests to obtain full and healthy seeds;
step two, preparing a laminated substrate; taking fresh and clean river sand as a material, sieving and washing the fresh and clean river sand by a 100-mesh sieve, and removing coarse sand to obtain a river sand laminated matrix with uniform grain grade gradient;
step three, seed priming; cleaning the castanea mollissima tannin seeds with clean running water, and soaking the castanea mollissima tannin seeds in distilled water for 24 hours to ensure that the water content of the seeds reaches 40 percent;
step four, preparing a laminated vessel; preparing a circular vessel with the height of 30cm as a laminated vessel, wherein in order to facilitate observing the state of seeds, an upper layer of draw box type interlayer and a lower layer of draw box type interlayer are respectively arranged at positions 5cm away from the upper end surface and the lower end surface in the laminated vessel, and the specifications of the draw box type interlayer of the upper layer and the draw box type interlayer of the lower layer are matched with the space size in the vessel;
step five, lamination treatment; under the condition that the temperature is 13 ℃ in winter, spraying the river sand lamination substrate with distilled water until the river sand lamination substrate is wet, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4cm on the bottom in the lamination vessel, laying 8 layers of lamination units on the lower interlayer layer by layer, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4cm on the upper interlayer layer, and laying the river sand lamination substrate to the top of the lamination vessel; wherein the lamination unit is sequentially provided with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, initiated seeds and river sand lamination matrix with the thickness of 2cm from bottom to top; the initiated seeds are transversely placed, and the placing distance between the seeds is 0.3 cm; meanwhile, the placement distance of the initiated seeds close to the inner wall of the laminated vessel is slightly longer and is kept above 1 cm;
step six, accelerating germination; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 60-65% in the process, controlling the humidity of the river sand lamination matrix to be 34% in the lamination treatment by observing the glossiness of seed coats in the upper and lower interlayers, extracting the interlayer to observe the seed color every 7 days, and spraying water to regulate the humidity of the lamination treatment; meanwhile, when the indoor humidity is too low, the humidity can be increased through fog spraying, and after 90 days, the radicle of the seed grows out and the white buds appear;
seventhly, growing the bud seedlings; after the radicle of the seed grows white and grows white, after 10-15 days, when the radicle length of the seed reaches 2-4cm, the seedling bed is grown on the radicle, and the seedling is sowed in the middle and last ten days of the next 3 months;
step eight, transplanting the seedlings; uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow soil according to a volume ratio of 2:1 to prepare seedling substrate soil, filling the seedling substrate soil into mesh-shaped non-woven seedling containers with the diameter of 8cm and the height of 14cm, transplanting each seedling into each seedling container, and placing the seedling containers on a movable seedbed;
step nine, absorbing the initial contribution stage of the root system; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 60-65% in the stage process, spraying water at 5-day intervals after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and moisturizing the seedling culture substrate soil; after the bud seedlings are transplanted for 30 days, when the main roots grow to the bottom of the seedling culture container and are exposed, air root pruning is carried out to inhibit the growth of the main roots, and then the upper parts and the base parts of the main roots can sprout lateral roots firstly, and the lateral roots are mostly parallel and transversely rooted; after the lateral roots grow to the side wall of the seedling culture container, the lateral roots are repaired by air to promote the germination of the next part or the next level of lateral roots in sequence; wherein, in the process of implementing the treatment of repairing lateral roots by air and promoting the growth of the lateral roots, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.08 percent is applied at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days for 8-10 times, and the fertilization is stopped after 9 months;
step ten, strengthening the root system of the seedling; tearing off the meshed non-woven fabric of the original seedling culture container in 3 months in the third year, transplanting the seedlings in the initial stage of absorbing the root system into the meshed non-woven fabric seedling culture container with the diameter of 16cm and the height of 20cm, and carrying out strong seedling culture for enlarging the root system, wherein the seedling culture matrix soil filled in the seedling culture container is prepared by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 3:1, and carrying out spray watering after transplanting to preserve moisture; in the middle ten days of 4 months, when the main root grows until the bottom of the seedling culture container is exposed, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent is applied, and the thin nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time and 6 to 8 times every 15 days.
Eleven, hardening seedlings and planting; and (4) moving out of the greenhouse at the beginning of 9 months in the third year, paying attention to winter freezing prevention, placing the greenhouse outdoors for hardening seedlings, and planting the seedlings in the fourth year in spring through container seedlings.
Comparison of results
In the cultivation process of example 1, the infectious microbe infection rate of seeds is nearly 0%, the growth time of the seedlings is about 100 days, the seedlings emerge neatly, the average rate of emergence is 95.2%, the main roots of the seedlings are thick, the adventitious roots of the lateral roots are thick, the survival rate of the forestation in the current year is 98.9%, and the seedling preservation rate of 2-3 years is 99.4%;
in the cultivation process of example 2, the infectious microbe infection rate of the seeds is nearly 0%, the growth time of the seedlings is about 106 days, the seedlings are neat, the average rate of emergence is 98.4%, the main roots of the seedlings are thick, the adventitious roots of the lateral roots are thick, the survival rate of the forestation in the current year is 99.1%, and the seedling preservation rate of 2-3 years is 98.7%;
in the cultivation process of example 3, the infectious microbe infection rate of the seeds is nearly 0%, the growth time of the seedlings is about 108 days, the seedlings are uniform, the average seedling emergence rate is 94.6%, the main roots of the seedlings are thick, the adventitious roots of the lateral roots are thick, the survival rate of the forestation in the current year is 97.1%, and the seedling preservation rate of 2-3 years is 97.5%;
according to the data, the current situation of seedling cultivation of the current castanopsis mollissima extract is combined, the mixed bacteria infection and the straight root system are two outstanding problems influencing the high-efficiency seedling cultivation of the castanopsis mollissima extract, only the complete root system can be cultivated by using the existing seedling cultivation method, but the bacteriostatic root control breeding method for the germination and root system development processes of the castanopsis mollissima extract seedlings can cultivate strong seedling seedlings with high seedling emergence efficiency and developed root systems, simultaneously solves the problems of the disturbance of the germination and the mixed bacteria infection of the castanopsis mollissima extract seeds and the underdeveloped root system in the seedling stage in the seedling cultivation process, and achieves the effects of effectively removing the harmful mixed bacteria pollution of the seeds by using few or even no chemical sterilizing agents, improving the effects of inhibiting main roots, promoting side roots and cultivating the developed horizontal absorption root system in the rooting development process. Meanwhile, the quality of the seedlings and the afforestation production quality can be improved, and the seedling cultivation cost is reduced.
Having thus described the principal technical features and basic principles of the invention, and the advantages associated therewith, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description is described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such descriptions are provided for clarity only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein can be combined as a whole to form other embodiments as would be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A seedling raising method for controlling roots of castanea mollissima tannin extract by high-efficiency bacteriostasis is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, seed purification is prepared; taking the mature castanea mollissima tannin extract buds in the current year, taking out single seeds, rinsing with clear water to remove impurities, and removing the seeds which float in a water meter and are eaten by shrivelled seeds, astringent grains and insect pests to obtain full and healthy seeds;
step two, preparing a laminated substrate; taking fresh and clean river sand as a material, sieving and washing the fresh and clean river sand by a 100-mesh sieve, and removing coarse sand to obtain a river sand laminated matrix with uniform grain grade gradient;
step three, seed priming; cleaning castanea mollissima tannin seeds with clean running water, and soaking the castanea mollissima tannin seeds in distilled water for 24 hours to ensure that the water content of the seeds reaches 30-40 percent;
step four, preparing a laminated vessel; preparing a round or square vessel with the height of 30-40cm as a laminated vessel;
step five, lamination treatment; spraying the river sand lamination substrate with distilled water to be wet under the condition that the temperature is 6-13 ℃ in winter, laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4-5cm at the bottom in the lamination vessel, laying 6-8 layers of lamination units on the river sand lamination substrate in a layering manner, and then laying the river sand lamination substrate with the thickness of 4-5cm on the river sand lamination unit; wherein the lamination unit is sequentially provided with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, initiated seeds and river sand lamination matrixes with the thickness of 1-2cm from bottom to top; the initiated seeds are transversely placed, and the placing distance between the seeds is 0.3-0.5 cm;
step six, accelerating germination; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 50-65% in the process of the stage, controlling the humidity of the river sand lamination matrix to be 30-40% in the lamination treatment, and growing the radicles of the seeds and exposing the white buds after 90 days;
seventhly, growing the bud seedlings; after the radicle of the seed grows white and grows white, after 10-15 days, when the radicle length of the seed reaches 2-4cm, the seedling bed is grown on the radicle, and the seedling is sowed in the middle and last ten days of the next 3 months;
step eight, transplanting the seedlings; uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow soil according to the volume ratio of 2-3:1 to prepare seedling substrate soil, filling the seedling substrate soil into mesh-shaped non-woven seedling containers with the diameter of 6-8cm and the height of 14-16cm, transplanting each seedling into each seedling container, and placing the seedling containers on a movable seedbed;
step nine, absorbing the initial contribution stage of the root system; controlling the indoor environment humidity to be 50-65% in the stage process, spraying water in 5-7 days after the bud seedlings are transplanted, and moisturizing the seedling culture substrate soil; after the bud seedlings are transplanted for 30 days, when the main roots grow to the bottom of the seedling culture container and are exposed, air root pruning is carried out to inhibit the growth of the main roots, and then the upper parts and the base parts of the main roots can sprout lateral roots firstly, and the lateral roots are mostly parallel and transversely rooted; after the lateral roots grow to the side wall of the seedling culture container, the lateral roots are repaired by air to promote the germination of the next part or the next level of lateral roots in sequence; wherein, in the process of implementing the treatment of repairing lateral roots by air and promoting the growth of the lateral roots, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.08 percent is applied at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days for 8-10 times, and the fertilization is stopped after 9 months;
step ten, strengthening the root system of the seedling; tearing off the meshed non-woven fabric of the original seedling culture container in 3 months in the third year, transplanting the seedlings in the initial root absorption stage into the meshed non-woven fabric seedling culture container with the diameter of 14-16cm and the height of 20-25cm, and carrying out strong seedling culture for enlarging the root system, wherein the seedling culture matrix soil filled in the seedling culture container is prepared by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 2-3:1, and carrying out spray watering after transplanting to preserve the seedling culture matrix soil; in the middle ten days of 4 months, when the main root grows until the bottom of the seedling culture container is exposed, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent is applied, and the thin nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time and 6 to 8 times every 15 days.
Eleven, hardening seedlings and planting; and (4) moving out of the greenhouse at the beginning of 9 months in the third year, placing the greenhouse outdoors for hardening seedlings, and planting the seedlings in containers in the spring of the fourth year.
2. The method for raising Castanea mollissima extract seedlings with high-efficiency antibacterial and root-controlling functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layering treatment in step five is to spray the river sand layering substrate with distilled water to wet under the condition of winter temperature of 10 ℃, lay the river sand layering substrate with thickness of 4.5cm on the bottom in the layering vessel, then lay 7 layers of layering units thereon in layers, and then lay 4.5cm of river sand layering substrate thereon; wherein the lamination unit is sequentially provided with river sand with the thickness of 1cm, initiated seeds and river sand lamination matrixes with the thickness of 1.5cm from bottom to top; and the initiated seeds are transversely placed, and the placing distance between the seeds is 0.4 cm.
3. The castanea mollissima extract high-efficiency bacteriostatic root-controlling seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the germination accelerating treatment in the sixth step is to control the indoor environment humidity in the germination accelerating process to be 55-60%, control the humidity of the river sand laminated matrix in the laminating treatment to be 34-38%, and after 90 days, the radicles of the seeds grow out and the sprouts are exposed to white.
4. The efficient bacteriostatic root-controlling seedling raising method of castanea mollissima extract according to claim 1, wherein the seedling transplanting in step eight is to obtain seedling raising matrix soil by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to a volume ratio of 2.5:1, fill the seedling raising matrix soil into mesh-shaped non-woven fabric seedling raising containers with a diameter of 7cm and a height of 15cm, transplant each seedling into each seedling raising container, and place the seedling raising containers on a moving seedling bed.
5. The method for raising seedlings of castanea mollissima extract with high-efficiency bacteriostasis and root control according to claim 1, wherein in the step ten, the root system of the strong seedlings is promoted, in 3 months in the third year, the mesh-shaped non-woven fabric of the original seedling raising container is torn off, the seedlings in the initial promotion stage of absorbing the root system are transplanted into the mesh-shaped non-woven fabric seedling raising container with the diameter of 15cm and the height of 23cm, and the strong seedlings with the expanded root system are cultured, the seedling raising matrix soil filled in the seedling raising container in the step is prepared by uniformly mixing turfy soil and fresh yellow core soil according to the volume ratio of 2.5:1, and after transplantation, fog spray watering is carried out to preserve the moisture of the seedling raising matrix soil; in the middle ten days of 4 months, when the main root grows until the bottom of the seedling culture container is exposed, the thin nitrogen fertilizer with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent is applied, and the thin nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time and 6 to 8 times every 15 days.
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