CN108450225A - A method of improving karst indigenous tree habitat - Google Patents
A method of improving karst indigenous tree habitat Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改善喀斯特乡土树种生境的方法，步骤是：（1）土壤总量增加：围绕狗骨木树株垒砌护土墙，营造狗骨木适宜生长的微生境；（2）土壤管理方法：用杂草或凋落物覆盖在狗骨木的树干与根的交界处，每年秋季将覆盖物埋入土中，再覆盖新的杂草；在树的周围开出环状、放射状的土沟，在土沟地下放置土和保水剂混合物，上面放置腐熟的堆肥、泥肥或其他肥料，其他林龄树不用施肥，最上面覆盖杂草或凋落物。（3）豆科植物套种：在狗骨木林下行距套种黄豆、花生豆科植物，利用植物固氮增加土壤氮素含量。方法操作性强，效果显著，具有广阔的应用前景，能普遍适宜于局部生境条件差的喀斯特植被恢复区域。The invention discloses a method for improving the habitat of karst native tree species. The steps are: (1) increasing the total amount of soil: building a retaining wall around the dogbone trees to create a micro-habitat suitable for the growth of dogbone; (2) Soil management method: use weeds or litter to cover the junction between the trunk and roots of the dogbone tree, bury the cover in the soil every autumn, and then cover new weeds; grow ring-shaped and radial plants around the tree. Soil ditch, place the mixture of soil and water-retaining agent under the soil ditch, put decomposed compost, mud manure or other fertilizers on it, other forest age trees do not need to be fertilized, and the top is covered with weeds or litter. (3) Interplanting of leguminous plants: interplant soybeans and peanuts and leguminous plants in the dogbone forest, and use plant nitrogen fixation to increase soil nitrogen content. The method has strong operability, remarkable effect, broad application prospects, and can be generally suitable for karst vegetation restoration areas with poor local habitat conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及植物资源利用技术领域，更具体涉及一种喀斯特植被恢复先锋物种—狗骨木局部生境改善的方法，尤其适用于喀斯特峰丛洼地区域。The invention relates to the technical field of plant resource utilization, and more specifically relates to a method for improving the local habitat of dogbone tree, a pioneer species of karst vegetation restoration, and is especially suitable for karst peak cluster depression areas.
背景技术Background technique
我国西南喀斯特区域土层浅薄、岩石裸露率高，土壤养分含量高但总量少，且因岩石的渗透性强和土壤持水性差，喀斯特生境存在明显的干旱胁迫和养分限制，植被恢复的难度很大。同时，受人为放牧、砍柴等影响，早期发育良好的常绿于落叶阔叶混交林和部分季节性雨林已经大部分退化为目前的次生林和灌草丛，甚至有些已退化为石漠化景观，严重威胁着珠江上游的生态安全。In the karst area of Southwest my country, the soil layer is shallow, the rock exposure rate is high, the soil nutrient content is high but the total amount is small, and because of the strong permeability of the rock and poor soil water holding capacity, the karst habitat has obvious drought stress and nutrient limitation, and it is difficult to restore vegetation. very big. At the same time, affected by human grazing and firewood cutting, most of the well-developed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests and some seasonal rainforests have been degraded into the current secondary forests and shrubs, and some have even degraded into rocky desertification landscapes. Serious threat to the ecological security of the upper reaches of the Pearl River.
喀斯特植被恢复是生态重建的有效手段，当地乡土物种和外来速生植物被林业部门和石漠化综合治理机构广泛栽种，也引起了相关科研工作者的强烈关注。因为大多数植物在土壤水分和养分空间异质性强的生境，或生长缓慢、竞争力弱，或成活率低、易死亡，急需通过适宜的调控措施提高或加速植被恢复速度。Karst vegetation restoration is an effective means of ecological reconstruction. Local native species and exotic fast-growing plants are widely planted by forestry departments and rocky desertification comprehensive control institutions, which has also attracted the attention of relevant scientific researchers. Because most plants in habitats with strong soil moisture and nutrient spatial heterogeneity, or slow growth, weak competitiveness, or low survival rate, easy to die, it is urgent to increase or accelerate the speed of vegetation recovery through appropriate control measures.
狗骨木(Cornus wisoniana)为喀斯特峰丛洼地的乡土树种，在植被恢复应用中表现出良好的生态适应性，但在土壤浅薄、养分总量低和干旱的局部生境中表现为生长速率低、小老树等现象，影响了喀斯特狗骨木植物群落的稳定性。Cornus wisoniana is a native tree species in karst peak-clump depressions. It shows good ecological adaptability in revegetation applications, but it shows low growth rate and low growth rate in local habitats with shallow soil, low nutrient content and drought. Phenomena such as small old trees have affected the stability of the karst dogbone plant community.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对喀斯特区域狗骨木在缺土、漏水、干旱生境中生长缓慢的问题，是在于提出了一种改善喀斯特乡土树种生境的方法，改善了根系周围土壤、水分和养分的条件，提高了物种的生长速率，该方法可操作性强，效果显著，具有广阔的应用前景，能普遍适宜于局部生境条件差的喀斯特植被恢复区域，且对于加快喀斯特脆弱生态系统植被恢复和演替具有重要意义。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of slow growth of dogbone in karst area in lack of soil, water leakage and drought habitat, and to propose a method for improving the habitat of karst native tree species, which improves the conditions of soil, water and nutrients around the root system , which increases the growth rate of the species. This method has strong operability, remarkable effect, and has broad application prospects. It can be generally suitable for karst vegetation restoration areas with poor local habitat conditions, and is useful for accelerating vegetation restoration and succession in karst fragile ecosystems. is of great significance.
为了实现上述的目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种改善喀斯特乡土树种生境的方法，按以下步骤进行：A method for improving the habitat of karst native tree species is carried out according to the following steps:
(1)土壤总量增加：就是围绕狗骨木树株直径1～3米垒砌护土墙，墙高0.3～0.5米，以此提高喀斯特地区土壤养分总量及保水、保肥能力，营造适宜于狗骨木适宜生长的微生境；(1) The total amount of soil is increased: it is to build a retaining wall around the dogbone tree with a diameter of 1 to 3 meters, and the wall height is 0.3 to 0.5 meters, so as to improve the total amount of soil nutrients, water retention and fertilizer retention in karst areas, and create A micro-habitat suitable for the growth of Dogbone;
(2)土壤管理方法：用1～2公斤杂草(鬼针草、白茅等)或凋落物覆盖在狗骨木的树干与根的交界处0.4米范围内，每年秋季将覆盖物埋入土中(3－5厘米)，再覆盖新的杂草或凋落物，以减少蒸发保持土壤水分；在树的周围(树冠范围内)开出环状、放射状的土沟，深0.2～0.3米、宽0.2-0.4米，在土沟地下0.1米处放置重量比重为1：10-20土和保水剂(淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐类)的混合物，0.1米至上面放置腐熟的牛、猪动物粪便堆肥(60-70％)和化学肥料(30-40％，硫酸铵、硝酸铵、氮磷钾混合肥料其中的任一种)，其中幼树以氮肥(硫酸铵、硝酸铵等其中的一种)为主，中龄树以复合肥(氮磷钾混合肥料，N:P2O5:K2O比例约为12:15:12)为主，其他林龄树不用施肥，最上面覆盖杂草或凋落物。(2) Soil management method: use 1 to 2 kg of weeds (ghost needle grass, imperata, etc.) or litter to cover the junction of the dogbone tree trunk and root within 0.4 meters, and bury the cover in the soil every autumn (3-5 cm), and then covered with new weeds or litter to reduce evaporation and maintain soil moisture; around the tree (within the canopy), open a ring-shaped, radial soil ditch, 0.2-0.3 meters deep, wide 0.2-0.4 meters, place a mixture of soil with a weight ratio of 1:10-20 and a water-retaining agent (starch grafted acrylate) 0.1 meters below the soil ditch, and place decomposed cow and pig animal manure compost on 0.1 meters above ( 60-70%) and chemical fertilizers (30-40%, any one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer), wherein young trees are treated with nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, etc.) Mainly, middle-aged trees are mainly composed of compound fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizers, the ratio of N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O is about 12:15:12). Other trees of old age do not need to be fertilized, and the top is covered with weeds or litter.
所述的氮肥是含有作物营养元素氮的化肥。元素氮对作物生长起着非常重要的作用，它是植物体内氨基酸的组成部分、是构成蛋白质的成分，也是植物进行光合作用起决定作用的叶绿素的组成部分。氮还能帮助作物分殖，施用氮肥不仅能提高农产品的产量，还能提高农产品的质量。The nitrogen fertilizer is a chemical fertilizer containing crop nutrient element nitrogen. Elemental nitrogen plays a very important role in crop growth. It is a component of amino acids in plants, a component of protein, and a component of chlorophyll that plays a decisive role in photosynthesis in plants. Nitrogen can also help crops reproduce, and the application of nitrogen fertilizers can not only increase the yield of agricultural products, but also improve the quality of agricultural products.
(3)豆科植物套种：在狗骨木林下按30～40cm行距套种黄豆、花生等豆科植物，以充分利用植物固氮增加土壤氮素含量，增加土壤氮素含量和总量，为乡土树种的生长提供充分的氮素营养，减少人工施肥的成本约10％左右。(3) Interplanting of leguminous plants: interplanting soybeans, peanuts and other leguminous plants under the dogbone forest at a row spacing of 30-40 cm to make full use of plant nitrogen fixation to increase soil nitrogen content, increase soil nitrogen content and total amount, and become native tree species The growth provides sufficient nitrogen nutrition, reducing the cost of artificial fertilization by about 10%.
通过上述技术措施，第2个步骤最为关键，主要解决了喀斯特乡土树种生境中土壤水分蒸发快(杂草和凋落物覆盖措施)、土壤水分漏失(保水剂措施)和土壤养分总量不足(土壤施肥措施)的问题，实现了人为调控提高乡土树种的长势，加快了喀斯特植被恢复。广西环江县和凤山县的野外观测试验表明，与没有人为调控的对照组相比，措施一可以提高二年生狗骨木年生长量(用胸径表示)0.2cm左右，措施二可以提高二年生狗骨木年生长量(用胸径表示)0.6cm-0.8cm，措施三可以减少氮肥施用费用30-50元/亩/年，且可以增加年收入352-407元/亩。本技术与现有技术相比，操作简便，生境改善实施效果好，生态和经济效益持续时间长，适合在喀斯特地区的植被恢复工程中推广应用。Through the above-mentioned technical measures, the second step is the most critical, which mainly solves the rapid evaporation of soil water (weed and litter cover measures), soil water loss (water-retaining agent measures) and the insufficient total soil nutrients (soil Fertilization measures), realized the artificial regulation to improve the growth of native tree species, and accelerated the restoration of karst vegetation. The field observation experiments in Huanjiang County and Fengshan County, Guangxi show that compared with the control group without artificial control, Measure 1 can increase the annual growth of biennial dog bone wood (expressed by diameter at breast height) by about 0.2cm, and Measure 2 can increase the annual growth of biennial dogs. The annual growth of bone trees (indicated by diameter at breast height) is 0.6cm-0.8cm. Measure 3 can reduce the cost of nitrogen fertilizer application by 30-50 yuan/mu/year, and can increase the annual income by 352-407 yuan/mu. Compared with the prior art, the technology has the advantages of simple operation, good implementation effect of habitat improvement, and long duration of ecological and economic benefits, and is suitable for popularization and application in vegetation restoration projects in karst areas.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
本发明通过垒砌护土、凋落物覆盖、施肥、豆科植物套种等方法增加土壤养分总量、减少蒸发、保持土壤水分最后达到改善局部微生境、促进乡土植物生长的目的(见表1)，方法可操作性强，效果显著，具有广阔的应用前景，且对于加快喀斯特脆弱生态系统植被恢复和演替具有重要意义。The present invention increases the total amount of soil nutrients, reduces evaporation, and maintains soil moisture through methods such as building and protecting soil, covering litter, fertilizing, and leguminous plants, and finally achieves the purpose of improving local microhabitats and promoting the growth of native plants (see Table 1) , the method has strong operability, remarkable effect, has broad application prospects, and is of great significance for accelerating vegetation restoration and succession in karst fragile ecosystems.
表1改善措施对2年生狗骨生境和生长的影响Table 1 Effects of improvement measures on habitat and growth of 2-year-old dog bone
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1：Example 1:
一种改善局部土壤条件加快狗骨木的快速生长的方法，按以下步骤进行：A kind of method that improves local soil condition to accelerate the rapid growth of dogbone wood, carries out according to the following steps:
(1)土壤总量增加：就是围绕狗骨木树株直径1或1.5或2或2.6或3米垒砌护土墙，墙高0.3或0.4或0.5米，以此提高喀斯特地区土壤养分总量及保水、保肥能力，营造适宜于狗骨木适宜生长的微生境；(1) The total amount of soil is increased: it is to build a retaining wall around the dogbone tree with a diameter of 1 or 1.5 or 2 or 2.6 or 3 meters, and the wall height is 0.3 or 0.4 or 0.5 meters, so as to increase the total amount of soil nutrients in the karst area and water and fertilizer retention capacity, creating a micro-habitat suitable for the growth of dogbone;
(2)土壤管理方法：用1或1.5或2公斤杂草或凋落物覆盖在狗骨木的树干与根的交界处0.4米范围内，每年秋季将覆盖物埋入土中，再覆盖新的杂草或凋落物，以减少蒸发保持土壤水分；在树的周围(树冠范围内)开出环状、放射状的土沟，深0.2或0.3米、宽0.2或0.3或0.4米，在土沟地下0.1米处放置1：10-20的土和淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐类0.7或0.8或0.9或1或1.2公斤(保水剂)混合物，0.1米至上面放置腐熟的堆肥、泥肥或其他肥料，其中幼树以氮肥为主(硫酸铵或硝酸铵其中的一种)，中龄树以复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O比例约为12:15:12)为主，其他树不用施肥，最上面覆盖杂草或凋落物。(2) Soil management method: use 1 or 1.5 or 2 kilograms of weeds or litter to cover within 0.4 meters of the junction between the trunk and root of Dogbone wood, bury the covering in the soil every autumn, and then cover new weeds. Grass or litter, to reduce evaporation and maintain soil moisture; open a ring-shaped, radial soil ditch around the tree (within the canopy range), 0.2 or 0.3 meters deep, 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4 meters wide, 0.1 meters underground in the soil ditch Place 1:10-20 soil and starch grafted acrylate 0.7 or 0.8 or 0.9 or 1 or 1.2 kg (water retaining agent) mixture at a distance of 0.1 meters and place decomposed compost, mud manure or other fertilizers on it, among which young The main tree is nitrogen fertilizer (one of ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate), the middle-aged tree is mainly compound fertilizer (the ratio of N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O is about 12:15:12), and other trees do not need to be fertilized , covered with weeds or litter.
(3)豆科植物套种：在狗骨木林下按30或34或37或40cm行距套种黄豆、花生等豆科植物，以充分利用植物固氮增加土壤氮素含量。(3) Interplanting of leguminous plants: interplanting soybeans, peanuts and other leguminous plants under the dogbone forest at a row spacing of 30 or 34 or 37 or 40 cm to make full use of plant nitrogen fixation to increase soil nitrogen content.
以上3个技术措施主要解决了喀斯特乡土树种生境中土壤水分蒸发快(杂草和凋落物覆盖措施)、土壤水分漏失(保水剂措施)和土壤养分总量不足(土壤施肥措施)的问题，提高2年生狗骨木年生长量(用胸径表示)0.8cm左右，减少年施肥费用30-50元/亩，且可以增加收入352-407元/亩。本技术与现有技术相比，操作简便，生境改善实施效果好，生态和经济效益持续时间长，适合在喀斯特地区的植被恢复工程中推广应用。The above three technical measures mainly solve the problems of rapid soil moisture evaporation (weed and litter mulch measures), soil water loss (water-retaining agent measures) and insufficient total soil nutrients (soil fertilization measures) in the karst native tree species habitat, and improve The annual growth of 2-year-old dog bone wood (indicated by diameter at breast height) is about 0.8cm, which can reduce the annual fertilization cost by 30-50 yuan/mu, and can increase the income by 352-407 yuan/mu. Compared with the prior art, the technology has the advantages of simple operation, good implementation effect of habitat improvement, and long duration of ecological and economic benefits, and is suitable for popularization and application in vegetation restoration projects in karst areas.
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