CN110419290B - Method for biologically farming oranges by inducing earthworms to directionally move through water and fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for biologically farming oranges by inducing earthworms to directionally move through water and fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for biologically cultivating an orange garden by inducing earthworms to move directionally by utilizing water and fertilizer, which comprises the steps of digging fertilizing ditches at two sides of an orange tree row along the outer side of a crown water dripping line, arranging a drip irrigation facility right above the fertilizing ditches, and applying organic materials into the fertilizing ditches; controlling drip irrigation facilities above fertilizing ditches at two sides of the citrus tree row to alternately irrigate and induce earthworms to directionally move; the earthworms are alternately induced to move back and forth on the two sides of the tree body on the two sides, so that the biological cultivation of the tangerine garden is realized. The invention fully utilizes the biological characteristics of the earthworms to carry out biological cultivation of the soil of the orange garden. Compared with the traditional no-tillage of the orange garden, the invention improves the physical structure of the soil; compared with the traditional mechanical clearing tillage of the citrus orchard, the invention avoids the damage to the root system of the citrus tree body in the tillage process and also reduces the tillage cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree farming, in particular to a method for biologically farming an orange garden by inducing earthworms to move directionally by using a water fertilizer.
Background
Citrus is one of fruit trees widely planted in the world, the cultivation history of citrus in China is long, and the yield of the citrus in China reaches 3.49 multiplied by 10 in 20147t, the planting area of the citrus reaches 2.52 multiplied by 107hm2. The citrus is a perennial evergreen fruit tree, and the growth characteristics of the citrus make the tillage of the citrus orchard soil difficult. At present, a no-tillage system is adopted in some citrus orchard, but long-term no-tillage causes soil hardening, so that the growth of citrus root systems is influenced, and the pest and disease damage of citrus is aggravated; some citrus orchards utilize machinery to carry out clear plowing among rows of trees, but the roots are easily damaged too much in the plowing process, so that branches are slightly dry and aged, overground parts grow slowly, most of the machinery can only carry out row-to-row plowing, and the inter-plant soil structure cannot be influenced.
Earthworms are the main animal group in soil, called as "ecosystem engineers", and can affect soil structure and function through a series of vital activities such as defecation, digging, stirring, etc. Darwinian has pointed out that "a plow is one of the first best inventions for mankind, but the soil has been tilled by earthworms and will also be tilled by it well before the survival of mankind. Modern research also proves that earthworms have great effect on the formation of soil structures (pore channels and aggregates). Taking L.terrestis earthworms as an example, the moving pore canal can reach 82.3km/ha each year. The earthworms can eat soil which is 5 to 30 times of the dead weight every day, leave a large amount of wormcast to be accumulated on the soil surface or the soil in the soil, and the wormcast has a good group structure, so that the volume weight of the soil can be obviously reduced, and the water retention capacity of the soil can be enhanced.
The soil plowing function of earthworms is widely known and published under the number CN 101731184B.
The invention discloses a method for breeding earthworms and biologically cultivating in farmland, and introduces a method for breeding earthworms and biologically cultivating in farmland. However, these existing methods and techniques only utilize the independent activities of earthworms to realize biological cultivation in the field. In the process, people cannot control the moving direction and range of the earthworms, so that the key plowing of a specific area (such as an interplant range) is difficult to realize according to the requirement of agricultural production. In addition, due to the characteristic that earthworms tend to fertilizer and tend to water, the earthworms are more willing to move in a humid area rich in organic matters, so that the effect of realizing earthworm biological cultivation by a conventional method is further reduced, and the scope of earthworm biological cultivation is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for biologically cultivating an orange garden by utilizing water and fertilizer to induce earthworms to directionally move.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention designs a method for performing biological cultivation in an orange garden by inducing earthworms to directionally move by using a water fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) Digging fertilizing ditches along the outer sides of tree crown water dripping lines on two sides of the rows of the citrus trees, arranging drip irrigation facilities right above the fertilizing ditches, and then applying organic materials into the fertilizing ditches;
2) Detecting the fertility condition of the soil of the citrus orchard and the number of indigenous earthworms in the soil; ensuring the fertility level of the soil of the orange garden, namely the content of organic matters in the soil is not less than 15g/kg, the content of total nitrogen is not less than 1.00g/kg, and the number of indigenous earthworms in the soil is not less than 4 earthworms/m2(if the soil fertility condition and the number of native earthworms in the soil are lower than the minimum value, the soil fertility is manually improved, earthworms are additionally artificially inoculated every year; if one earthworm in an orange garden does not exist, the soil environment is too poor, the earthworm can not survive, even the inoculated earthworm can die quickly, and at the moment, the method is not suitable, and the method can be used after the soil is firstly improved);
3) Controlling drip irrigation facilities above the fertilizing furrows on the two sides of the citrus tree row to alternately irrigate and induce earthworms to directionally move; controlling the water amount of drip irrigation to ensure that the water content of a fertilizing ditch below the drip irrigation facility is maintained at 50-70%; in the course of the directional movement, the direction of the movement is changed,
when one side is irrigated and the other side is not irrigated, the earthworms move from the other side to the one side and gather in the fertilizing ditch on the one side;
when the other side is irrigated, when one side is not irrigated, earthworms move from one side to the other side and gather in the fertilizing ditch on the other side;
the time for alternately irrigating the two sides is 30-90 days (to ensure that the earthworms can be completely migrated; if the earthworms are in rainy days, the time for alternately irrigating the earthworms can be properly prolonged); inducing the earthworms to move back and forth on the two sides of the tree body, so as to realize biological cultivation of the citrus orchard (if the soil fertility is higher, the number of the earthworms in the soil is more, the biological cultivation of the citrus orchard is finished for 1 year or more, the physical properties of the soil in the root area of the citrus tree body are obviously changed, and if the soil fertility is lower, the number of the earthworms in the soil is less, the biological cultivation of the citrus orchard is finished for 3 years or more, and the physical properties of the soil in the root area of the citrus tree body are obviously changed).
Further, in the step 1), the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 30-60cm, and the width is 40-80cm.
Further, in the step 1), the organic materials are decomposed organic materials, the carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) of the organic materials is 20-35, the organic materials are slightly lower than the ground surface after being filled into the fertilizing ditch, and the thickness of the soil covering above the fertilizing ditch is 0-5cm and is flush with the ground surface.
Further, the organic material is a fully decomposed mixture of cow dung and straws; the weight ratio of the cow dung to the straws is 3:1 to 2.
And further, in the step 2), when the fertility of the soil of the orange garden is lower than 15g/kg, namely the content of organic matters in the soil, and the content of total nitrogen is lower than 1.00g/kg, adding organic fertilizer into the orange garden to ensure that the fertility level of the soil of the orange garden is higher than or equal to 15g/kg, namely the content of organic matters in the soil is higher than or equal to 1.00g/kg, so that the earthworms are induced to move directionally.
Further, in the step 2), if the number of indigenous earthworms in the soil is less than 4 earthworms/m2In the process, earthworms are additionally inoculated to the organic materials in the fertilizing ditch every year, and the number of the inoculated earthworms is 3-20 earthworms per 500g of the organic materials, wherein the inoculated earthworms are earthworms (native earthworms) captured in a field or earthworms (commercial earthworms) bought in a breeding farm.
The habits of the two earthworms are greatly different. Therefore, the indigenous earthworms preferentially used in the patent are collected from the periphery and then used in an orange garden. If the surrounding earthworms are difficult to collect (for example, the surrounding earthworms are too few, or do not need to take much time), the commercial earthworms are bought for replacement.
Furthermore, the inoculated earthworms are earthworms (commercial earthworms) bought by a farm, and the number of the inoculated earthworms is 10-20 earthworms per 500g of organic material;
or the inoculated earthworms are earthworms (native earthworms) caught in a field, and the number of the inoculated earthworms is 3-13 earthworms per 500g of organic material.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
(1) Earthworms have a great effect on the formation of soil structures (tunnels and aggregates). The earthworms can eat soil which is 5 to 30 times of the dead weight every day, leave a large amount of wormcast to be accumulated on the soil surface or the soil in the soil, and the wormcast has a good group structure, so that the volume weight of the soil can be obviously reduced, and the water retention capacity of the soil can be enhanced. Therefore, earthworms are effective tools for biological cultivation.
(2) Earthworms feed on organic matter (including humic substances and non-humic substances) in soil, and tend to live in areas rich in organic matter in most cases. In addition, the optimum humidity of earthworms is about 60%, and the earthworms escape due to drought or flooding. Therefore, the living characteristics of the earthworms enable agricultural measures such as organic fertilizer application and irrigation to induce the earthworms to directionally move in the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention fully utilizes the biological characteristics of the earthworms to carry out biological cultivation of the soil of the orange garden. Compared with the traditional no-tillage of the orange garden, the invention improves the physical structure of the soil; compared with the traditional mechanical clearing tillage of the citrus orchard, the invention avoids the damage to the root system of the citrus tree body in the tillage process and also reduces the tillage cost.
2. According to the invention, the earthworm is induced to move directionally by applying the organic fertilizer and changing the irrigation mode, so that the method has the advantage of low modification cost.
3. In the directional moving process of the earthworms, the ingestion and excretion processes of the earthworms can also carry the organic matter nutrients in the fertilizing ditch to the root area of the tree body, thereby being beneficial to promoting the absorption and utilization of the nutrients by the citrus tree body.
4. Compared with the traditional farmland earthworm breeding, the method has the advantage that the physical, chemical and biological improvement effects of the earthworms on the soil of the rhizosphere area of the tree body are particularly enhanced by inducing the earthworms to directionally move on the two sides of the tree body.
5. The earthworm can change the microbial community structure of soil in life, promote the growth of orange and raise the disease resistance of tree.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the directional movement of earthworms.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples so as to be understood by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The method is carried out in a main citrus producing area in Yichang city, hubei province, the implemented kumquat variety is a seedless ponkan orange in the full bearing period of 13 years, the organic matter content of soil is 16.3g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.14g/kg, and the soil is fertile. The population density of the earthworms in the soil is 6 strips/m2。
(1) Digging fertilizing furrows along the outer sides of water dripping lines of tree crowns at two sides (side A and side B) of a citrus tree row after fruit picking every year, wherein the depth of each fertilizing furrow is 50cm, and the width of each fertilizing furrow is 60cm.
(2) And (3) applying a fully decomposed cow dung and straw mixture into the fertilizing ditch, wherein the C/N of the organic material is 32. And covering soil above the fertilizing ditch for about 5cm to be flush with the ground surface.
(3) And a drip irrigation facility is arranged right above the fertilizing ditch.
(4) According to the demand of the tree body, the drip irrigation facilities above the fertilization ditches on two sides (side A and side B) of the citrus tree are irrigated alternately, the water amount of drip irrigation is controlled, and the water content of the fertilization ditches below the drip irrigation facilities is ensured to be maintained between 50% and 70%, so that the earthworms are induced to move directionally. The time interval for alternately irrigating the sides A and B in a continuous sunny day is 40 days, and the time interval is properly prolonged in rainy days; inducing the earthworms to move back and forth on the two sides of the tree body, thereby realizing the biological cultivation of the tangerine garden.
Example 2
The implementation site and the basic situation are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
(1) Digging fertilizing furrows along the outer sides of water dripping lines of tree crowns at two sides (side A and side B) of a citrus tree row after fruit picking every year, wherein the depth of each fertilizing furrow is 50cm, and the width of each fertilizing furrow is 60cm.
(2) And applying commercial organic fertilizer into the fertilizing ditch, wherein the C/N of the organic material is 28. And covering soil above the fertilizing ditch for about 5cm to be flush with the ground surface.
(3) And a drip irrigation facility is arranged right above the fertilizing ditch.
(4) According to the demand of the tree body, the drip irrigation facilities above the fertilizing ditches on two sides (side A and side B) of the row of the citrus tree are respectively irrigated alternately, the water amount of the drip irrigation is controlled, and the water content of the fertilizing ditches below the drip irrigation facilities is ensured to be maintained between 50% and 70%, so that the earthworms are induced to move directionally. The time interval for alternately irrigating the A side and the B side on a continuous sunny day is 40 days, and if the A side and the B side are in a rainy day, the time interval is properly prolonged, so that the earthworms are induced to move back and forth on the two sides of the tree body, and therefore, the biological cultivation of the orange garden is realized.
Meanwhile, the comparative examples, including the conventional mechanical plowing example 1 and the no-tillage example 1, were carried out in the adjacent areas. In the conventional mechanical plowing example 1, commercial organic fertilizer is applied to the surface between rows after fruit picking, and then 45c deep mechanical plowing is performed. Wherein, the no-tillage example 1 is to carry out hole application of commercial organic fertilizer along the drip line of the tree body. In addition to the differences described herein, the remaining agronomic measures were performed according to local conventional citrus management practices. Examples soil samples were taken between plants and between rows of trees after 3 years of continuous operation, and the soil samples were analyzed and measured while avoiding the fertilizing furrows. And collecting fruit samples in a fruit collection period, and analyzing and determining the yield and the quality. Table 1-1 shows that in the inter-row soil, the weight by volume of plowing example 1 is significantly lower than that of the other examples, but the organic matter, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are significantly higher than that of the other examples. This is related to the direct plowing of organic material into the soil. The inter-row soil volume weight and the contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are not obviously different between the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 and the no-tillage embodiment 1, but the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 can be found to improve the inter-row soil fertility to a certain degree. The soil volume weight of the examples 1 and 2 is significantly lower than that of the plowing example 1 and the no-tillage example 1 in terms of the inter-plant soil, which shows that the invention induces earthworms to realize biological cultivation and improves the physical structure of the inter-plant soil. In addition, the contents of organic matters, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil in the examples 1 and 2 are also obviously higher than those in the plowing example 1 and the no-tillage example 1, which shows that the diffusion and migration of nutrients in the fertilizing ditch are promoted in the process of the earthworms migrating between the rows of the trees in the invention, so that the absorption and utilization of the nutrients by the root system of the plant are improved.
Tables 1-2 show that there is no significant difference in fruit yield, fruit weight, fruit shape index and edibility for each example, but example 1 and example 2 increase the soluble solids content and Vc content of the fruit, indicating that the invention contributes to the improvement of citrus fruit quality.
TABLE 1-1 variation of soil physicochemical Properties
Note: the same column of numbers followed by different letters represents significant differences between examples (P < 0.05).
Tables 1-2 Citrus fruit yield and quality variation
Note: TTS means soluble solid content; the same column of numbers followed by different letters represents significant differences between examples (P < 0.05).
Examples 1 and 2 show that the invention can induce indigenous earthworms to biologically cultivate and improve the quality of citrus fruits in citrus gardens with fertile soil and high earthworm density.
Example 3
The method is carried out in a main citrus production area in Yuxi city of Yunnan province, and the executed kumquat variety is 8-year rock candy orange, the soil organic matter content is 8.25g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.87g/kg, and the soil fertility is general. Indigenous earthworms exist in the soil, but the population density is less than 1 strip/m2。
(1) Digging fertilizing furrows with the depth of 40cm and the width of 50cm along the outer sides of water dripping lines of tree crowns at two sides (A side and B side) of a row of citrus trees after fruit picking every year.
(2) Applying organic materials into the fertilizing ditch, wherein the organic materials are formed by mixing 50% of fully decomposed cow dung, tobacco foam and sugar mud with 50% of fresh wormcast, and C/N of the organic materials is 26. And covering soil about 3cm above the fertilizing ditch to be flush with the ground surface.
(3) And a drip irrigation facility is arranged right above the fertilizing ditch.
(4) According to the demand of the tree body, the drip irrigation facilities above the fertilization ditches on two sides (side A and side B) of the citrus tree are irrigated alternately, the water amount of drip irrigation is controlled, and the water content of the fertilization ditches below the drip irrigation facilities is ensured to be maintained between 50% and 70%, so that the earthworms are induced to move directionally. The time interval for alternately irrigating the sides A and B in a continuous sunny day is 30 days, and the time interval is properly prolonged in rainy days; inducing the earthworms to move back and forth on the two sides of the tree body, thereby realizing the biological cultivation of the tangerine garden.
(5) And inoculating Eisenia foetida purchased from an earthworm farm in the fertilizing ditch, wherein the inoculation amount is about 15 earthworms per 500g of organic materials.
At the same time, comparative no-tillage example 2 was carried out in the adjacent area. In the no-tillage example 2, organic materials are applied in holes along the water dripping line of the tree (same as example 3). In addition to the differences described herein, the remaining agronomic practices were performed according to local conventional citrus management practices. Examples soil samples were taken between plants and between rows of trees after 2 years of continuous operation, and the soil samples were analyzed and measured while avoiding the fertilizing furrows. And collecting fruit samples in the fruit picking period, and analyzing and determining the yield and the quality. Table 2-1 shows that, in example 3, compared to no-tillage example 2, the inter-row soil and inter-plant soil volume weight, organic matter, and total nitrogen were not significantly changed, which may be related to a shorter period of implementation (2 years). However, even in this case, it was found that the volume weight of the soil in example 3 tended to decrease and the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen tended to increase as compared with the no-tillage example 2, indicating that the present invention induces earthworms to perform biological cultivation and improves the soil properties. Tables 2-2 show that the titratable acid content of the citrus fruit in example 3 is obviously higher than that of no-tillage example 2, and the TTS content of the citrus fruit in example 3 is also higher than that of no-tillage example 2, which shows that the invention is beneficial to improving the quality of the citrus fruit.
TABLE 2-1 variation of soil physicochemical Properties
Note: the same column of numbers followed by different letters represents significant differences between examples (P < 0.05).
TABLE 2-2 Citrus fruit yield and quality variation
Note: TTS refers to soluble solids content; the same column of numbers followed by different letters represents significant differences between examples (P < 0.05).
Example 3 illustrates that the invention can induce additional inoculated earthworms to realize biological cultivation and improve the fruit quality of oranges in an orange garden with general soil fertility and low earthworm density.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for biologically cultivating an orange garden by inducing earthworms to move directionally by using water and fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Digging fertilizing furrows at two sides of the citrus tree rows along the outer sides of water dripping lines of tree crowns, arranging drip irrigation facilities right above the fertilizing furrows, and then applying organic materials into the fertilizing furrows; wherein the depth of the fertilizing ditch is 30-60cm, and the width is 40-80 cm; the organic material is a fully decomposed mixture of cow dung and straws; the weight ratio of the cow dung to the straws is 3 to 1 to 2;
2) Detecting the fertility condition of soil in an orange garden and the number of indigenous earthworms in the soil; when the soil fertility of the orange garden is lower than 15g/kg, namely the content of organic matters in the soil is lower than 1.00g/kg, adding organic fertilizer into the orange garden; ensuring the fertility level of the soil of the orange garden, namely that the content of organic matters in the soil is not less than 15g/kg, the content of total nitrogen is not less than 1.00g/kg, and the number of native earthworms in the soil is not less than 4 earthworms/m2；
If the number of indigenous earthworms in the soil is less than 4 earthworms/m2Additionally inoculating earthworms into the organic materials in the fertilizing ditch every year, wherein the inoculated earthworms are earthworms bought by a farm, and the number of the inoculated earthworms is 10 to 20 per 500g of the organic materials;
3) Controlling drip irrigation facilities above fertilizing ditches at two sides of the citrus tree row to alternately irrigate and induce earthworms to directionally move; controlling the water amount of drip irrigation to ensure that the water content of a fertilizing ditch below the drip irrigation facility is maintained at 50-70%; in the course of the directional movement, the direction of the movement is changed,
when one side is irrigated and the other side is not irrigated, the earthworms move from the other side to the one side and gather in the fertilizing ditch on the one side;
when the other side is irrigated, when one side is not irrigated, earthworms move from one side to the other side and gather in the fertilizing ditch on the other side;
the time for alternately irrigating the two sides is 30 to 90 days; inducing the earthworms to move back and forth on the two sides of the tree body, thereby realizing the biological cultivation of the orange garden.
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