RU2170001C1 - Method for harvesting roots of plants, preferably licorice cultivated at plantations of licorice of local ecotype - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves harvesting ground buds with following harvesting of licorice plant roots which may be used as raw material for pharmaceutical industry or as fibrous feed; upon harvesting of vegetative mass, stubble, black head and nonstandard portions of root top parts are removed by rotavation; extracting roots at licorice plantations in strips, with uncultivated zones being harvested in alternation with cultured undergrowth. Roots are extracted at an angle to planting direction. Width of harvested strips exceeds width of licorice plant spacings at plantations. Angle between direction of withdrawal of roots on strips and rows of plants at plantations is less than 30 deg. Method is preferably used for harvesting of plants multiplied by vegetative multiplication method on degraded soil as mesohalophyte, and allows time of restoration of root mass stock at perennial plantations for repeated extraction to be reduced to three years. EFFECT: simplified method and improved quality of plantations. 2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for harvesting plant roots propagated vegetatively, for example, on licorice plantations, preferably local ecoforms.

 There is a method of harvesting licorice roots, including mowing the aerial parts of plants, cutting the surface layer with root necks and a karabash, digging and extracting roots from the soil, in which cutting the surface layer with root necks and a karabash is done by soil milling by milling stubble and roots to a depth of 5-6-6 cm, and after extracting the roots from a layer of 0-60 cm of a dug layer, a second turn of the upper horizon to a depth of 20-25 cm is made, followed by sampling of the roots in the upper layer of 0-40 cm by manual collection and combing washing (RU, patent N 2116718 C1, MKI6 A 01 D 91/02. Method for harvesting licorice roots // A.M. Saldaev, A.V. Kolganov, V.V. Borodychev. Declared July 10, 1997, published August 10 .1998).

 Licorice crops are planted on waste and degraded irrigated soils with a high level of groundwater and a high degree of mineralization. Licorice is a phytomeloretic culture. It is preferable to create plantations in a wide-row way with a row spacing of 0.7 m by planting cuttings with a length of 0.20 - 0.25 m of four to five years of age to a depth of 0.15 - 0.20 m. In order to reduce the cost of maintaining plantations for the fifth and subsequent years Licorice plant life begins strip extraction of the root mass while maintaining the bulk of the plants. The proposed method for harvesting licorice roots also provides for the continuous harvesting of the root mass both on wild thickets and on plantations of 7-8 years of age.

 There is also known a method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, containing trimming the upper part of the roots, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the ground, in which, trimming the upper part of the roots is performed by milling the strip of the upper soil horizon with continuous movement to a depth of 5-6 cm (RU, Patent No. 2116023 C1, MKI6 A 01 D 91/02, Method for harvesting plant roots // A.M.Saldaev, A.V. Kolganov, V.V. Borodychev, Declared July 10, 1997, published July 27, 1998. )

 The specified agrotechnical method of removing stubble from the aerial shoots of licorice and non-commodity parts from the roots and rhizomes is also acceptable when harvesting licorice plantations.

A similar method for harvesting licorice roots is also a known method for extracting licorice roots, including cutting and grinding ground parts, digging and extracting the conditioned fraction from the earth, in which digging and extracting the conditioned fractions of licorice roots is carried out in 1-3 m wide strips, and create between the strips removed reservations of licorice with natural grass, while before harvesting the roots of licorice in the said strips, the roots of the plants and Karabash are removed by milling the soil layer to a depth of 3-6 cm, and after harvesting and the extracted roots sow natural grass mixtures, mainly cereals with a sowing rate of 20-25 kg / ha (10.6 • 10 ⁶ - 11.7 • 10 ⁶ pcs / ha) to a depth of 1.5 - 2.5 cm (see RU, patent N 2118484 C1, MKI6 A 01 D 91/02. Method for the extraction of licorice roots // A.M. Saldaev, A.V. Kolganov, V.V. Borodychev. g.).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method include the fact that on the licorice cultivated plantations, sampling of the root mass along the axis of a row of plantings leads to a long recovery period of production stocks. The remaining small roots in the aisles of licorice plantations do not have time to fill the treated strips with vegetative shoots. Free space is occupied by one and perennial weeds. This reduces the quality of feed mowed on licorice plantations.

The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed object by the totality of signs is the method of harvesting plants, mainly licorice, growing in flooded floodplains of rivers, along eriks and in talvegas, containing trimmed upper parts of roots and rhizomes to remove Karabash, digging and extracting their conditioned fraction from the soil in which the roots are harvested in strips and placed between untreated areas with natural grass stand, while the strips are harvested at an angle to the direction of the water flow and floods; the width of the harvested strip refers to the width of the untreated zone at 1: 1-3; the preferred value of the angle between the direction of the flow of water and the strips removed is in the range of 30-60 ^o (see RU, patent N 2123251 C1, MKI6 A 01 D 91/02. A method of harvesting plants, mainly licorice, growing in flooded floodplains of rivers, along the rivers and in thalwegs // I.P. Kruzhilin, A.M. Saldaev, V.F. Mamin. Declared December 23, 1997, published December 20, 1998).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method include long periods of restoration of the licorice population cultivated on the plantation.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the recovery time of licorice populations on long-term plantations.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase productivity and reduce the recovery time of stocks of root mass on perennial plantations.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, cultivated on licorice plantations of local ecoforms, containing trimming the upper part of the roots and rhizomes to remove stubble, Karabash and non-commodity parts, digging and extracting the conditioned fraction from the soil stripes with alternating them between the untreated areas with licorice thickets, according to the invention, the extraction of roots is carried out at an angle to the direction of planting, while the width Biran bands larger than the width between rows of plants licorice on its plantations; the angle between the direction of the selection of roots by strips and rows of plants on plantations is set to less than 30 ^o .

 Due to the fact that the extraction of roots in strips is carried out at an angle to the direction of movement of the plantings, the above technical result is achieved.

 An analysis of the state of the art and technology by the applicants, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicants did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the requirement of "inventive step", the applicants conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art , since from the prior art and technologies identified by the applicants, the influence of the essential features provided for and the claimed invention transformations to achieve a technical result.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a former irrigated field with degraded soil with laid cuttings of their roots and rhizomes of licorice naked as future phytomeliorant plants, plan view.

In FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1, a diagram of the laying of cuttings from the roots and rhizomes of licorice with a row spacing b _m and a planting depth a at a groundwater level of not higher than 1 m.

 In FIG. 3 - schematically shows a field with licorice culture in the second year of growth, plan view.

 In FIG. 4 is a section BB in FIG. 3, the vertical section of the aerial shoot, horizontal rhizomes, cord and vertical roots.

 In FIG. 5 - a strip sample of the root mass on licorice plantations, a variant of combining the row axis with the axis of the selected strip, plan view.

 In FIG. 6 - strip sampling of root mass on licorice plantations during the movement of the harvesting unit across rows.

 In FIG. 7 - a strip sample of the licorice root mass on plantations of six to seven years of age when the harvesting unit moves at an angle α to the direction of planting the cuttings, plan view.

On waste and degraded irrigated lands with a groundwater level above 1 m at any degree of mineralization, weeds are destroyed first of all before planting, either by milling the top layer to a depth of 5-6 cm, or by plowing the arable layer with a full turn of the top layer of the formation to a depth 25-27 cm. After this, deep loosening of the topsoil and soil to a depth of 0.5-0.6 m is carried out. It is preferable to create licorice plantations on degraded irrigated soils by planting cuttings of 1 four to five years age of length 0.15 -. 0.25 m on each the handle 1 should be at least 5-6 axillary buds. Planting of cuttings 1 is carried out to a depth of a = 15 - 18 cm from the field surface. Planting cuttings 1 are in a wide-row way. The width between future rows of licorice plants should be at least b _m = 0.7 m or a multiple of this value. For a mechanized landing, an aggregate is used that includes a tractor of draft class 3 and a converted SKN-6A planter. Cuttings 1 harvested in advance. Cuttings 1 are stored in such a way that the relative humidity of the root mass does not decrease less than 40–45%, and there is no mold on the surface of the cork and bast layers. Landing is carried out using markers. After planting, the field is rolled with smooth water filling rollers 3 KVG-1,4, connected to each other by a train. In the first year of life, plants from cuttings 1 (see Fig. 1-4) appear vegetative shoots 2, horizontal rhizomes 3 and vertical root 4. In the rows of plants, weeds are destroyed by milling cultivators.

 In the second and third years of the life of licorice plants, vegetative shoots fill the entire inter-row space. Due to soil differences, plants have a great diversity in the height of above-ground shoots and in the mass of roots and rhizomes.

 In the sixth and seventh years of licorice, plantation productivity reaches 10 - 15 tons of raw root per hectare. The content of glycyrrhizic acid in licorice rhizomes reaches 9-12%, and BVE - up to 42%. Extraction of licorice roots is carried out in strips 5. Before harvesting the roots and rhizomes of licorice in strips 5, mowing aboveground shoots 2. Stub licorice stems, Karabash and non-market part from the apical part of the roots are removed by milling the upper layer to a depth of 4-5 cm. Width of milled strip 5 is greater the width of the root sample is 10-15 cm. Harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice cultivated on licorice plantations of local ecoforms, is carried out by digging the root-containing layer to a depth of 0.5 - 0.6 m wide 1.1 - 1.8 m. tailcoat Roots and rhizomes are produced on the day surface of strip 5. The treated strip 5 alternates with untreated zones 6 with licorice thickets. The width of the strips 5 with the width of the untreated zones 6 refers as 1: 1 (2).

In ordinary plantings when harvesting the roots, the width of the strips stripped 5 b _{p is} set to a larger row spacing b _m (see Fig. 5). For example, when b _m = 0.7 m, the width of the cutting organ of the root extraction machine is set equal to b _p = 1.1 m. From the axis of rows (1) and (3) (see Fig. 5) there is a protective zone 7 along 0.15 m when sampling row (2). However, when sampling strip 5, combined with the axis of row (2) of licorice plants, an uninhabited area 8 appears after harvesting of licorice plants after harvesting. This surface is intensively overgrown with weeds. In FIG. Figure 6 shows a pattern of harvesting licorice roots and rhizomes when the harvester moves perpendicular to the direction of planting. In this case, the uninhabited area of 8 licorice plants increases at the point of attacks two or more times. To reduce the recovery time for the productivity of licorice thickets on licorice plantations, bare roots are produced at an angle α to the direction of planting. The value of the angle α between the direction of the selection of roots by strips 5 and rows of plants (1) - (6) on the plantation is set to less than 30 ^o (see Fig. 7). In this case, the soil and soil on unsettled sites 8 during the extraction of the roots are machined. At the same time, the density of the upper and lower horizons decreases, and air access is ensured in the intersoil aggregates. In these bands 5 a large amount of nutrients accumulate. The roots and rhizomes of plants from adjacent rows occupy the vacant spaces. For this reason, the uninhabited sites 8 are filled with partial shoots in a shorter time. After two or three years, licorice plantations not only restore their original biological productivity, but also the ratio of roots and rhizomes in licorice raw materials changes qualitatively. At the same time, due to transpiration of the leaf-stem mass of licorice, the level of groundwater occurrence decreases annually by 800-900 mm. The salt-tolerant licorice plant changes the chemism of the upper root layer of the soil.

 Thus, the above information confirms the humidity and evidence of a strip sampling of the roots and rhizomes of licorice, and not along or across the rows of plantations in the plantations, but at an angle to them. After three years, the plantations restore their original productivity compared with the biological mass of plants of the pre-harvest period. Aerial shoots of licorice, along with other plants, contribute to the formation of a stable forage base from the third year of plant life.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of harvesting plant roots, mainly licorice, cultivated on licorice plantations of local ecoforms, comprising trimming the upper part of the roots and rhizomes to remove stubble, carabash and non-market parts, digging and extracting the conditioned fraction from the soil in strips with alternating them between untreated areas with licorice thickets characterized in that the extraction of roots is carried out at an angle to the direction of planting, while the width of the harvested strips is greater than the width of the aisles of licorice plants on its plantations. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the direction of the selection of roots by strips and rows of plants on plantations is set to less than 30 ^o .

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