RU2160520C1 - Method of creating plantations of licorice, preferably common licorice, on abandoned lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing soil and sowing; creating licorice plantations by wide-row sowing of newly harvested legume crop seeds in ground mass of aboveground buds of common licorice in late autumn period at seeding rate of 10-15 kg/hectare. Sowing is performed in last decade of October-first decade of November. Additional sowing on wild licorice undergrowth is performed by means of drills with three-disk shares without preliminary soil cultivation. Method allows abandoned lands to be introduced into crop rotation by creating long-term licorice plantations. EFFECT: reduced labor and material consumption and increased efficiency. 3 cl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for creating plantations of licorice culture as fodder land on waste land and industrial production of root mass after 7-8 years from the moment of their laying.

A known method of creating long-term plantations of licorice Glycyrr hiza glabra. and Glycyrr hiza uralensis Fisch., including basic tillage to a depth of 27-30 cm, surface tillage and leveling of the relief, preparation of planting material in the form of horizontal rhizomes and vertical roots 20-30 cm long at the age of four to five years, planting of rhizomes is carried out in a wide-row way with a row spacing of 0.6-0.7 m, while in the rows form holes with a diameter of 0.2-0.3 m and a depth of 0.3 m in increments of 0.6-0.7 m, before planting vegetative parts of planting material are connected from one end into bundles with the number of shoots more than three, with the connected end is lowered to the bottom of the hole, sprinkled with soil, and the upper ends of the rhizomes and roots are deflected in radial directions with an angle of inclination to the vertical of not more than 45-60 ^o , then the hole is filled with soil, compacted and leveled; after 3-5 leaflets appear on partial shoots, inter-row cares are performed in two mutually perpendicular directions (RU, patent, N 2118481. C1. IPC ⁶ A 01 B 79/02. Method for creating long-term licorice plantations GLICYRRHIZA GLABRA L. and GLICYRRHIZA URALENSIS FISH. // Saldaev A.M., Kolganov A.V. and Borodychev V.V. Claimed 10.07.1997. Published 10.09.1998).

 The described method of creating energy-intensive plantations and requires a lot of manual labor.

 There is also a method of creating licorice plantations, including one-year soil preparation, surface leveling, licorice seeds sowing, post-sowing rolling (see book Kerbabaev B. B., Gladyshev A. I. Turkmen licorice root / Ed. Acad. AN TSSR N .T. Nechaev. - Ashgabat: Ylym, 1971.- 95 p. - S. 65-69).

 In the Russian Federation, seeds in the licorice beans bare ripen by the end of September. However, due to the good foliage and high humidity of the aboveground shoots, it is impossible to harvest the latter using the existing serial combine harvesters. This is prevented by the large length of the stems with a diameter in the butt part of up to 20-25 mm. Mowing overhead shoots with beans in a swath also does not give a positive result. Precipitation during this period does not allow the mowed mass to dry out and reduce the moisture content in the stems to at least 22-24%. The high humidity of the stems in the rolls causes the beans to rot, and the licorice seeds lose their sowing qualities.

 Handling licorice beans manually requires a lot of labor. After harvesting, the beans are dried and threshed on stationary laboratory threshers. This operation is inefficient.

 There are strict requirements for sowing licorice seeds. This applies to the depth of their seeding, to the sowing period, as well as to pre-sowing seed treatment.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to reduce labor and material costs when creating long-term licorice plantations, preferably using licorice.

 The effect and technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention are expressed in the creation of fodder land for the third and subsequent years of licorice life, and the age of plantations with plants is 7-8 years, the latter serve as a raw material base for the extraction of root mass. Licorice is a good phytomeliorant. For this reason, waste land regains fertility and reduces salinity and groundwater levels.

 The specified effect and technical result in the implementation is achieved by the fact that in the known method of creating licorice plantations, preferably licorice, on waste land, including one-year soil preparation and sowing, the plantations are created by wide-row sowing of freshly harvested beans in a crushed mass of aerial shoots in the late autumn with seeding rate of 10-15 kg / ha; sowing is carried out in the last decade of October - the first decade of November; sowing is carried out with seeders with three-disc coulters without preliminary tillage.

 Due to the fact that the sowing is done with beans in a crushed mass of aboveground shoots of licorice, the above technical result is achieved.

 An analysis of the level of technologies (methods) and techniques for the implementation of the claimed invention by the applicants, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicants did not find analogues characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The proposed analogues made it possible to identify a set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicants in the claimed method set forth in the claims.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the conformity of the claimed invention to the requirements of the inventive step, the applicants conducted an additional search for known methods and technical solutions in order to identify signs that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue. The results of the verification show that the claimed invention does not follow for the specialist explicitly from the known level of technology and technology, in particular, the claimed invention does not provide for known transformations.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 When creating licorice plantations on waste land, they primarily begin with soil preparation. Typically, these lands are clogged with annual and perennial weeds. For this reason, the surface of old arable waste fields by disk scaffolds or heavy disc harrows is subjected to discing. The top layer and all plant residues are subjected to crumbling and grinding. In especially difficult conditions with a powerful vegetation cover, disking is carried out in two mutually perpendicular directions. Plowing is carried out at any time of the year with a complete turn of the reservoir. The plow-plow plows are supplied with skimmers. After plowing, the surface of the arable land is leveled both by harrowing and cultivation. Mechanically destroy one and perennial weeds. The use of chemicals to control perennial rhizome weeds does not affect the further development of licorice.

 Before sowing, the surface of the waste field is rolled.

 In late September - early October, seeds are prepared. After shedding leaf mass from the stems (aerial shoots) of licorice with well-developed beans (in the previously examined area of natural thickets of licorice with high biopotential characteristics), the stems (shoots) are mowed at a cut height of 20-30 cm. The stems with beans are chopped in the form of a length cutting 10-20 mm and collected in a special trailer-container, for example PSE-12B with extended sides. Mowing and grinding of licorice shoots with beans is performed by Polesye-200, E-301, E-302 forage harvesters, KS-1.8 Vikhr forage harvesters and KIR-1,5B mowers and others. The beveled and ground mass is transported by an air flow generated by the fan through a silo to any trailed tank.

 Humidity of the mowed mass at the time of harvesting is 28-36%. The humidity of the beans is no higher than 22-26%. Seeds are in a state of full ripeness. The content of unripe seeds in the beans is negligible.

 Thus prepared seed is poured into the seed boxes of seeders with disc coulters. Sowing is carried out preferably by selection seeders SN-16PM design M30KVIM. In seed boxes, tedders and paddle sowing machines must be installed. The seeder is equipped with disc coulters. When sowing from a seed box, the crushed mass of vegetative shoots of licorice, whole and partially destroyed beans, with the whole, partially with micro-damaged and crushed seeds, the blade sowing devices are fed into the seed tubes, and then to the disk coulters. The latter are equipped with flanges. This provides a strict depth of seed placement within 2-4 cm. Grooves are closed with a loop earthing device. After sowing, the surface of the waste field is rolled up with water filling rollers.

 The seeding rate in the range of 10-15 kg / ha of the prepared material is set using a multi-stage gearbox of the selection seeder SN-16PM. Sowing licorice beans in a crushed mass of aboveground shoots of licorice is carried out in the last decade of October - the first decade of November. This operation can also be carried out with grain-grass seeders of the SZT-3.6 family after appropriate preparation.

Beans along with licorice seeds go away in the winter. During the autumn-winter period, licorice seeds are subjected to scarification under the influence of low temperatures of air and soil, precipitation. During the autumn-winter period, the beans themselves also undergo partial decomposition. Bean flaps open in spring. When the soil temperature reaches +10 ... + 12 ^o C, licorice seeds begin to germinate. Bean leaves retain sprouts in the initial period. The appearance of friendly seedlings in spring in rows is also explained by the fact that when mowing and chopping beans, licorice seeds were subjected to mechanical stress. Their presence in the soil from October to April led to quenching of the embryos. Seeds were thus prepared for the harsh growing conditions.

 The following year, licorice seeds are subjected to inter-row care and protection from agricultural pests.

 When restoring the projective cover of natural licorice thickets, the above material is seeded. Seeding is carried out with seeders with three-disc openers. A disk knife mounted in front of the disk coulter, when the drill is moving, cuts a vertical layer of soil along with plant and root residues. Disc coulters perform seed beds. The crushed mass with beans is laid on a bed. Furrows close and immediately condense. Sowing with beans provides a predetermined depth of incorporation of licorice seeds within 2-3 cm.

 Over the next two years, these crops are protected from damage - grazing cattle and small cattle.

 In the first year of life, licorice seedlings need increased, stable soil moisture. Before the appearance of 7-8 true leaves, it is necessary to carry out nourishing irrigation as the soil dries. During this period, the root system vigorously develops in seedlings, penetrating to a depth of 40-50 cm and forming a mass of thin lateral roots. The growth and development of plants in a culture occurs much more intensively than in natural conditions.

 In the second half of summer, axillary buds located on the root neck below the cotyledonous buds start to grow in growth and give rise to horizontal rhizomes. The cotyledonous buds can also grow and form another horizontal rhizome or aerial shoots. Horizontal rhizomes, intensively developing, reach the length of 1.10 cm by the end of the first year of vegetation.

 Due to the intensive development of the lateral branches, the bush form is sprawling. The main root penetrates to a depth of 0.8 m and has a diameter at the base of up to 1.5 cm. Licorice seedlings have a sufficient supply of buds for the development of new shoots in the spring of next year. These are the axillary buds of the cotyledonous node, as well as the buds on the overgrown basal parts of the aerial shoots located in the soil due to the retraction of the licorice root. A whole series of adnexal buds is present on the annual horizontal rhizomes. Under natural conditions, licorice seedlings form horizontal rhizomes only in the second year of life.

 In the spring of next year, horizontal rhizomes were the first to start growing, then the growth of aboveground stems begins. Later, new horizontal rhizomes grow from the axillary buds of the cotyledonous node of the main root. Plants develop very intensively. In autumn, two-year-old horizontal rhizomes reach a length of 3-5 mm with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm. On each root, 2-3 partial shoots and the same number of well-developed accessory roots are formed. Annual rhizomes develop in length up to 2 m with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm. 10-25 or more rhizomes grow from the head of the maternal root. The diameter of the main root reaches 2-2.5 cm, its lateral branches reach the surface of the groundwater. Elevated stems, developed from the buds of the head of the main root, are strong, well leafy, with a mass of lateral branches and reach a height of 1.7-2.0 m. In the second year, licorice seedlings bloom.

 Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the set of conditions when using the claimed invention: the claimed method is intended for use in agriculture to create licorice plantations. The described technology makes it possible to introduce waste land into the crop rotation and create pastures with high-protein feed on them. After 7-8 years, these plantations become the place of extraction of licorice. The proposed method for creating a plantation of licorice culture has an extremely high intensity, achieved at all stages. The mentioned method provides the reproduction of natural licorice by sowing beans with seeds and bringing stocks of root mass, acceptable for industrial production. The method favorably affects the vegetation cover and restores the fertility of the waste land. The technical result of the proposed method is achieved using simple and well-known agricultural machinery design.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of creating licorice plantations, preferably licorice bare, on waste land, including one-year soil preparation and sowing, characterized in that the plantations create wide-row sowing of freshly harvested beans in a crushed mass of aboveground shoots of licorice bare in the late autumn with a sowing rate of 10-15 kg / ha.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing is carried out in the last decade of October - the first decade of November.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing is carried out with seeders with three-disc coulters without preliminary tillage.