RU2570323C1 - Method of growing topinambur - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in the previous year in the area intended for planting of topinambur, oats or spring wheat is sown. After ripening the grain is harvested by stripping. The stems remaining after harvesting are left for winter and contribute to snow retention. The pre-sowing preparation of topinambur seed material is carried out beforehand. The healthy, non-diseased tubers weighing 40-50 g are taken. The tubers are disinfected against infection in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate in a concentration of 1:10000, sprouted in a nutrient medium of humus in half with sawdust or peat. The seed tubers are laid in a single layer in a nutrient substrate placed as a layer of 6-10 cm, and kept constantly wetting to the substrate moisture content of 60-80% HB, at a temperature of 15-20°C for 1-2 weeks prior to awakening of buds, and the onset of seedling emergence. The temperature is then lowered to 8-10°C for the formation of sprouts of 1-2 cm in length. The identified diseased tubers are removed. In the spring after the snow melting and the soil drying prior to physical maturity the germinated tubers are laid on its surface with the nutrient medium with a width between rows of 70, 75 or 80 cm, the length in a row of 30-50 cm. The tubers are sprinkled with a layer of soil or its mixture with humus with the thickness of 5-7 cm. A layer of straw of 10-15 cm is placed on the top. In the straw the Manchurian walnut leaves are laid. After the seedling emergence of the culture and their stretching over the straw layer by 10-15 cm a new layer of it is added, having the thickness of 10-20 cm. If some weeds emerge through the straw, they are removed, and till harvesting no other farming operations are carried out.

EFFECT: method provides minimisation of tillage in growing topinambur and simplification of weed control when growing it.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke. The purpose of the invention is the minimization of soil cultivation during the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, simplifying the fight against weeds during its cultivation. The invention is intended primarily for use on individual sections of gardening cooperatives and farms.

A known method [1] of cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, including peeling, autumn plowing, spring closure of moisture, cultivation and harrowing. Additionally, in the spring, preparing the soil for mechanical planting, in the south instead of cultivating, they conduct subsurface cultivation, in the more northern regions of the country on small compacted soils - small plowing. After planting tubers, pre-emergence and emergence harrowing is carried out for weed control, with row heights of plants 10-15 cm row-spacial cultivation begins, and also with a height of shoots 30-40 cm, hilling is carried out. This method, adopted by us as a prototype, is quite effective, however, it requires a large number of technological operations for tillage. Peeling and autumn plowing of a site, spring cultivation can lead to loss of soil structure, its dispersal and leaching of the fertile soil layer as a result of water erosion, especially on sloping lands.

The essence of the claimed method of the invention. In the area intended for planting Jerusalem artichoke, oats or spring wheat is sown in the previous year and the ripened grain is harvested by towing, the stems left after harvesting leave for the winter and contribute to snow retention.

Preplanting seedlings of Jerusalem artichoke are carried out in advance, for planting healthy tubers weighing 40 ... 50 g are selected that are not affected by disease. Before germinating, the tubers are kept in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate at a concentration of 1: 10000 for several minutes to disinfect the infection. Or you can spray a solution of potassium permanganate on a nutrient substrate after planting tubers. As a nutrient medium, humus is used in half with wood sawdust or peat. Seed tubers are laid out in a single layer inside the nutrient substrate, placed a layer of 6-10 cm, and incubated, constantly moistening to a substrate moisture content of 60-80% HB (least moisture), at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 1-2 weeks before waking up kidneys and the beginning of the appearance of sprouts, subsequently the temperature is lowered to 8-10 ° C to form sprouts short in 1-2 cm. Identified diseased tubers are removed. Strong overgrowth of roots and their interweaving between tubers cannot be allowed. It is advisable to add to the water, which moisturize the nutrient medium, a variety of trace elements, as well as phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

In spring, after snow melts and the soil dries to physical ripeness, germinated Jerusalem artichoke tubers with a row spacing of 70, 75 or 80 cm, row spacing of 30 ... 50 cm and tubers are sprinkled with a layer of earth or a mixture of humus with thickness 5 ... 7 cm, a straw layer of 10 ... 15 cm is laid on top.

After the emergence of Jerusalem artichoke sprouts and pulling them over the straw layer by 10 ... 15 cm, add a new layer of it with a thickness of 10 ... 20 cm. It is not recommended to immediately lay the straw in a single layer of 30-40 cm after laying the tubers and sprinkling them with earth. Under such a thick layer of straw, the earth does not warm up well and sprouts on tubers appear late. Accordingly, this affects the pace of cultural development. You can lay out sprouted tubers, but in this case, under the straw, the seedlings of the crop are very late with their appearance, which affects the yield. To prevent the straw from scattering under strong gusts of wind, it must first be pressed down with sticks, branches, boards, or last year’s pretty wet leaves of the trees — until the straw coalesces.

Sometimes individual weeds can make their way through the straw, then these weeds are weeded and are not carried out more than other agricultural operations before harvesting. After the growth of Jerusalem artichoke stems to a height of 50-60 cm, the plants develop a powerful leaf-stem mass and the culture successfully suppresses all weeds.

When cultivating Jerusalem artichoke using this technology, it is possible to obtain a tuber crop with a minimum number of tillages and without any use of herbicides or other toxic chemicals. To scare away mice, blackroot plants are planted around the perimeter of the plot, and leaves of Manchurian walnut are laid out in straw.

The technical result of the application of the claimed method is the minimization of soil tillage during the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, simplification of the fight against weeds during its cultivation.

Information sources

1. Utueush New promising forage crops. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1991 .-- S. 35-37.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including the sowing of oats or spring wheat in the previous year in the area intended for planting Jerusalem artichoke, after ripening, the grain is harvested by towing, the stalks left after harvesting go into the winter and promote snow retention, pre-planting preparation of Jerusalem artichoke seed material is carried out in advance, healthy ones are selected, tubers not infected with diseases weighing 40-50 g, disinfect them from infection in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate at a concentration of 1: 10000, germinate in a nutrient medium from humus on with wood sawdust or peat, seed tubers are laid out in a single layer inside the nutrient substrate, placed a layer of 6-10 cm, and incubated, constantly moistening to a substrate moisture content of 60-80% HB, at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 1-2 weeks before the buds wake up and germination begins, then the temperature is lowered to 8-10 ° C to form 1-2 cm long sprouts, diseased tubers are removed, then in the spring after the snow has melted and the soil has dried to physical ripeness, the grown tubers are laid out on its surface together with feeder medium with a row spacing of 70, 75 or 80 cm, a distance in the row of 30-50 cm, and tubers are sprinkled with a layer of earth or a mixture of it with humus 5-7 cm thick, a layer of straw 10-15 cm is laid on top, leaves are laid in straw Manchurian walnut, after the emergence of culture sprouts and pulling them over the straw layer by 10-15 cm, add a new layer of it 10-20 cm thick, and if individual weeds make their way through the straw, they are weeded and do not carry out any other agricultural operations before harvesting .