RU2165139C1 - Method of extracting deep-rooted wild medicinal plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves mowing and grinding aboveground buds; removing non-commercial parts and destructing top sod layer; undercutting root layer; extracting roots and rootstocks from undercut layer; laying root mass onto day side of strip; harvesting raw root material and reclaiming surface of harvested strip. Upon removal of non-commercial parts and destruction of top sod layer at continuous operating mode in prepared strip, root layer is cut in vertical plane into equally spaced vertical slits of equal and/or unequal depth, or in horizontal plane to produce strip. Section of strip may be made in the form of rectangle, part of circle, part of trapezium or in the form of triangle. Sections of cultivated zones with vertical slits of different depth or with strips of different shape are smaller than section of lifted root layer undercut along perimeter. EFFECT: increased efficiency by complete collection of plant material such as roots and rootstocks, and reduced power consumption. 15 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machine technologies for harvesting the roots of medicinal plants, for example, dosage forms of licorice, elecampane high, marshmallow, etc.

A known method of harvesting licorice roots, including mowing the aerial parts of plants, cutting the surface layer with root necks and a karabash, digging and extracting roots from the soil, in which cutting the surface layer with root necks and a karabash is done with a soil mill milling stubble and roots to a depth of 5-6 cm, and after extracting the roots from the 0-60 cm layer of the dug layer, the upper horizon is rotated again to a depth of 20-25 cm, followed by sampling of the roots in the upper 0-40 cm layer by manual collection and combing (see RU, patent N 2116718, M. cl. ⁶ A 01 D 91/02. Method for harvesting licorice roots // A.M. Saldaev, A.V. Kolganov, V.V. Borodychev. Claimed 10.07.1997 published on 08/10/1998).

 An analysis of the licorice root structure of the floodplain ecotype (floodplain of the Volga River, Astrakhan Region), extracted as licorice raw material, showed that up to 80% of the reserves of a meter-long layer of root mass is in the horizon with a thickness of 0-60 cm. However, the two-phase method of harvesting licorice roots is stretched by time. Due to the sharply continental and acrid arid climate of the south of the Russian Federation, in a dry layer of soil and soil, Karabash and the remaining licorice roots dry out. For this reason, root formation processes cease. Wild licorice thickets cannot restore the original productivity in the described way and save the population.

There is also known a method of extracting licorice roots, including mowing aboveground shoots, removing milling of non-marketed parts of licorice and turf, cutting the root containing layer, lifting it above the groove and extracting licorice roots and rhizomes from it by impact. Part of these operations is carried out by a licorice root extraction machine, comprising a frame, supporting-copying wheels, sequentially installed working body for digging, lifting, moving and primary separation made in the form of a U-shaped cutting knife, the front parts of which are equipped with cutting edges on removable blades, on the remote part from the horizontal blade there are hoists of the cut soil layer, and the working body for the secondary separation of the soil layer is made in the form of a drive rotor with radially directed lykami, wherein said rotor is placed at an extra frame is pivotally connected to the base frame and provided with the ability to transfer to the working and transport position, wherein the additional frame is provided with a screen arranged in front of the rotor; the frame is made of a U-shaped form from vertical and horizontal beams; the frame is equipped with blocks of hinge brackets made with the possibility of hanging on the suspension of tractors of draft class 3, 4, 5 and 6; hitch brackets are provided with fingers of different sizes; the additional frame is made in an H-shape; it is equipped with a hydraulic actuator located between the brackets on the vertical beams of the U-shaped frame and the brackets on the lower faces of the H-shaped frame; rotor drive is placed on an additional frame; the rotor drive is equipped with a main gearbox, a safety clutch and two contours of chain gears installed in the cavities of the H-shaped frame; the axis of rotation of the additional frame in the hinges of the main frame is made coaxial with the axes of the safety clutch and the main gearbox; an additional rotor frame is connected to the frame of the machine by a transport link; supporting copy wheels are equipped with screw mechanisms; the rotor screen is made in the form of curved arcs facing the consoles in the direction of rotation of the rotor fangs, and flexible links, the ends of which are oriented towards the U-shaped cutting knife; the screen from curved arcs is equipped with the ability to rotate relative to the transverse beam of the additional frame (see RU, patent N 2116715, M.cl ⁶ A 01 D 25/02. Machine for the extraction of licorice roots // A.M. Saldaev, A.V. Kolganov , VV Borodychev. Declared July 10, 1997, published August 10, 1998).

 The disadvantages of the operations of the described machine when performing the above method include the fact that with an increase in the power of the trimmed root containing formation, the soil horizon is not worked out by the fangs of the drive rotor. A relatively small layer is deformed by the fangs of the rotor in the lower part of the formation, facing the bottom of the ditch. To increase the degree of extraction of licorice roots, it is necessary to increase the frequency of impact. This, in turn, leads to a sharp increase in energy consumption and to a decrease in the quality indicators of the extracted raw materials.

The closest in essence to the claimed method is a known method of licorice root extraction, including cutting and grinding of aboveground parts, digging and extraction of conditioned fractions of licorice roots is carried out in stripes of 1 to 3 m wide, and licorice reserves with natural grass are created between the strips removed, while before by harvesting licorice roots in the mentioned strips, the roots of plants and karabash are removed by milling the soil layer to a depth of 3-6 cm, and after harvesting the extracted roots, sowing of natural herbs mixtures predominantly cereal with a seeding rate of 20 - 25 kg / ha (10.6 * 10 ⁶ - 11.7 * 10 ⁶ pieces / ha.) to a depth of 1.5 - 2.5 cm (RU, patent N 2,118,484. M.Kl. ⁶ A 01 D 91/02. Method for the extraction of licorice roots // A. M. Saldaev, A. V. Kolganov, V. V. Borodychev. Declared July 10, 1997, published September 10, 1998).

 The described method is implemented by the subsequent implementation of the following operations: 1) cutting and grinding of aboveground parts; 2) digging and extracting conditioned fractions of the roots from the soil and soil stratum; 3) soil reclamation in undersowing strips of natural grass mixtures. However, the effectiveness of this method decreases with increasing power of the cropped soil layer, intertwined with skeletal and sucking licorice roots.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the effectiveness of exposure to the root-containing layer of soil and soil with the roots of wild medicinal plants.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the completeness of the collection of plant materials in the form of roots and rhizomes and reduce energy consumption.

 The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method for the extraction of deep-rhizome wild-growing medicinal plants, including mowing and grinding of aboveground shoots, removing non-marketable parts and carabash, cutting the root-containing layer, extracting the roots and rhizomes from the cut layer, laying the root mass on the day surface strip, harvesting the raw root and reclamation of the surface of the harvested strip, in the present invention, after the removal of Karabash and the destruction of sod the top layer during continuous movement in the prepared strip, the root-containing layer is vertically cut into equidistant vertical equal and / or different depth slots and parts of the formation are cut horizontally, while cutting the root-containing layer when extracting the roots is carried out to a working width greater than the width of the strip between the extreme vertical slots cut layers, but less than the width of the prepared strip, and to a depth greater than or equal to the depth of the vertical part of the cracks; the root-containing formation is cut in the form of a tape, the cross-section of which is in the form of either parts of a circle, or a triangle, or a trapezoid, or a rectangle, the cross-section of the cropped tape being smaller than the cross-section of the formation during subsequent extraction of raw materials.

 Due to the fact that before the extraction of the root mass, the root-containing formation is cut into vertical parts (narrow vertical stripes) or tapes, the above technical result is achieved.

 The analysis of the prior art by the applicants, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicants did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the compliance of a given invention with the requirement of "inventive step", the applicants conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, since from the prior art determined by the applicants, it is not revealed the impact provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention reobrazovany to achieve a technical result.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 The essence of the claimed method of extraction of deep-rhizome wild medicinal plants is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows a cross section of a layer of soil and soil with above-ground shoots, for example, licorice of the bare floodplain ecotype and its roots and rhizomes in the active root-inhabited horizon.

 In FIG. 2 - the same, after mowing, grinding and distribution of aboveground shoots on the surface of the mortmass layer.

 In FIG. 3 - the same, after removal of non-commodity parts of licorice bare and destruction of the sod of the upper layer to a depth of 3-5 cm.

 in FIG. 4 presents the process of making vertical equidistant and equal depth slots.

 In FIG. 5 - the same, but slots of different depths.

 In FIG. 6 - the process of preparing the tape from the root containing layer (section in the form of a rectangle).

 In FIG. 7 - the same section in the form of a segment of a circle.

 In FIG. 8 - the same section in the form of a trapezoid.

 In FIG. 9 - the same section in the form of a triangle.

 In FIG. 10 - the process of cutting a root-containing formation before sampling the root (cross section).

 In FIG. 11 shows the rise of cropped vertical strips and horizontal tapes for subsequent processing of a root-containing formation.

 In FIG. 12 - primary deformation of the soil layer and soil with licorice roots by applying alternating bending moments.

 In FIG. 13 - extraction of the root mass from the deformed formation by driving working bodies.

 In FIG. 14 - distribution of root mass on the surface of the harvested strip.

 In FIG. 15 is a cross section of a ditch and a treated strip after reclamation work has been completed.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

 In selected areas with wild thickets of medicinal plants, for example, licorice with a productivity of raw roots and rhizomes of at least 10 t / ha for the floodplain ecotype, the main direction of mechanized work is chosen and the contours of the site are marked with milestones. After visual inspection of the site, foreign objects are removed from the surface of the thicket. The first operation carried out in this area is the mowing of the aerial parts of wild plants and licorice. The stems 1 (Fig. 1) of licorice are mowed, chopped and laid on stubble 2 and mortmas of the treated strip. This operation is performed by a hook-on KIR-1,5B machine driven by a PTO of the MTZ-80 aggregated tractor. A cross section of the treated surface and stubble 2 of licorice and cutting is shown in FIG. 2. Then carry out the removal of non-commodity parts and Karabash licorice, stubble and lobe of related wild herbs that are not medicinal raw materials. This operation is carried out by a mounted combined soil mill KFK-2.0 with a PTO drive of a MTZ-80 wheeled tractor of draft class 1.4. The width of the treated strip 4 is 1.65-1.85 m (see Fig. 3). After the passage of the milling unit on the surface of wild licorice thickets there is an untreated strip 4, the surface of which is covered with a layer of mulch.

 After the removal of Karabash and the destruction of the sod of the upper layer during continuous movement in the prepared strip 4, the root-containing layer 5 is vertically cut into equidistant vertical equal depth slots 6 (Fig. 4) and / or different depth slots 7 (Fig. 5). Part of the root layer 5 is cut horizontally. These sections are shown in FIG. 4 and 5 by arc clipped layers 8 (see Figs. 4, 5 and 10).

 Trimming (vertical, inclined, horizontal) of the root-containing formation in the layer 5 when extracting the roots 9 is carried out at a capture width greater than the width of the strip between the extreme vertical slots 6 of the cut layers (see Fig. 10). The width of the trimmed layer a-b-c-d-e-f between the uprights 10 and 11 of the U-shaped knife 12 is less than the width of the prepared strip 4 (Fig. 10). The depth of the U-shaped knife 12 is greater than or equal to the depth of the vertical part of the slots 6 or 7.

 To increase the yield of commodity fraction of the licorice root mass, the root-containing layer is cut in the form of a tape 13, the cross-section of which has the shape of either a rectangle (Fig. 6), or a segment of a circle (Fig. 7), or a trapezoid (Fig. 8), or a triangle (Fig. 9). The section of the trimmed tape 13 is smaller than the section of the trimmed layer a-b-c-d-e-f during subsequent sampling of the roots and rhizomes of licorice during the extraction of raw materials. This operation with one of the types of working bodies (Fig. 5-9) is performed by a tillage implement containing a frame, hinge brackets, a support wheel with a screw mechanism and a set of interchangeable working bodies. The design of said working bodies is read in FIG. 4-9. The tillage unit contains a implement and a tractor of draft class 3. When moving the unit, the root-containing layer is cut into vertical slots 6 with a distance between them of 0.35 m or strips with a tape width of 13 no more than 0.8 - 0.9 m and a thickness of 0.25 - 0.35 m.

 Further, directly during the extraction of licorice, a root-containing formation with vertical slits 6 (7) and a horizontal section 1.1 - 1.2 m wide to a depth of 0.5 - 0.6 m is cut to a depth of 0.5 - 0.6 m. The trimmed abcdef formation is raised above the ditch 144 (Fig. 11 ) Subsequent deformation of the root-containing layer in the form of vertical parts from the seams or tapes is carried out by applying alternating bending moments from the bottom of the seam up above the ditch 14 (see Fig. 12). The intense impact on the formation by impact from the fangs of the rotating rotor 15 leads to the extraction of roots and rhizomes on the day surface (Fig. 13).

 Previously cut into vertical slots 6 or 7 or into horizontal ribbons 13 with a section in the form of either a rectangle, or a segment of a circle, or a trapezoid, or a triangle, they are cut with a U-shaped knife 12 (Figs. 10, 11 and 12). The front sections of the knife 12 are provided with cutting edges on one-sided blades. Inclined passive lifts 16, a circumferentially trimmed a-b-c-d-e-f (Fig. 10), the root-containing layer rises above the ditch 14 to a height of at least 1/2 - 3/4 of the depth of digging. Due to the fact that the cross section of the tapes 13 (Fig. 6), (Fig. 7), (Fig. 8), (Fig. 9) is smaller than the section of the cut formation abcdef U-shaped knife 12, said tapes 13 and the formation in a continuous stream, without unloading, they enter the inclined elevators 16 and undergo the first type of deformation: compression of the tapes and extension of the formation. Roots and rhizomes of licorice because of their great plasticity and moisture do not undergo mechanical damage.

 An intense impact on the tape 13 and the abcdef layer with alternating bending moments is achieved by the drive rotor 17 with two diametrically oppositely mounted non-driving rollers 18. Due to the large amplitude of the movements of the tape 13 relative to the surface of the undercut formation and the formation relative to the bottom of the ditch 10 with a given frequency, the latter rises and falls above the ditch 10. Rollers 18 of rotor 17 run in a root-containing layer in the lower plane - in the plane of cutting of a U-shaped horizontal knife 12. Tape 13 and pla St a-b-c-d-e-f are destroyed into lumps, and the roots and rhizomes 9 are squeezed out from the bottom to the surface of the strip 19. Due to the fact that the rollers 18 on the axis of rotation of the rotor 17 are installed freely, this excludes the winding of roots and rhizomes on their surface.

The final separation of the roots and rhizomes of licorice from the tape 13 and the formation is carried out by high-frequency impact (see Fig. 13). To do this, use a drive rotor 15 with radially oriented fangs 20. The rotational speed of the rotor 15 - 4.5 - 9.0 s ^-1 Fangs 20 from individually unrelated tapes 13 and the formation, the roots and rhizomes are removed on the surface, and the lump 21 soils are deformed to agronomically valuable fractions and are oriented to the bottom of the ditch 14.

 Separated roots and rhizomes are laid on the day surface of the treated strip 19 (Fig. 14). After drying the raw root for 2 to 3 days, the latter is harvested using one of the known methods involving machine-tractor units. UDC-2.0 root-cleaning device is suitable for the selection of a wide range of medicinal plants (Elecampane, Althaea, licorice, etc.). The unit (MTZ-80 + UDC-2.0) extracts partially powdered roots and rhizomes from the top layer by saddleing, separates it from the soil, separates it and transports it to trailed containers, which are moved in a parallel course. Tractor tipper trailers root mass is transported to the points of primary part-time raw root (licorice, marshmallow, elecampane, etc.). The surface of the strip is subjected to reclamation. Before the flood in the floodplain floodplains, the strips are rolled in with smooth water-filled rollers. This eliminates the processes of water erosion and creates contact of the remaining small roots for the natural restoration of the population, for example licorice. When liquorice is extracted in the post-flood period, the surface of the strips is first rolled with ZKVG-1,4 rollers, then the grass is sown with the SN-16PM seeder and post-sowing rolled with ZKKSh-6A ring-spur rollers.

 The proposed method for the extraction of deep-rhizome wild-growing medicinal plants provides a high standard of raw materials, eliminates unproductive manual labor costs when pruning root sections with mechanical damage, increases the yield of root mass per unit area, reduces the total energy consumption, despite the introduction of a new additional technological operation - making a group of vertical slots or one continuous tape with a cross section smaller than the cross section of the cut formation, guarantees the recovery conditions day productivity of natural thickets for 4 and 5 years of plant life. Additional vertical sections of the root-containing formation during mining retain the high quality of the extracted roots and rhizomes of Elecampane high. This also applies to tapes in the extraction of the roots and rhizomes of marshmallow and licorice.

 Therefore, the invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (1)

 The method of extraction of deep-rhizome wild medicinal plants, including mowing and grinding of aboveground shoots, removing non-commodity parts and destroying the sod of the upper layer, cutting the root-containing layer, extracting roots and rhizomes from the cut layer, laying the root mass on the day surface of the strip, harvesting the raw root and restoration of the surface harvested strip, characterized in that after removal of non-commodity parts and destruction of the sod of the upper layer with continuous movement in the prepared strip of cor The containing layer is cut either vertically into equally spaced vertical equally and / or different depth slots or horizontally in the form of a tape, the cross section of which is in the form of a rectangle, or part of a circle, or a trapezoid, or a triangle, while the cross-sections of the processed zones with different depth vertical slots or different-profile tapes are smaller than the cross section of the extracted cut along the perimeter of the root containing formation.

Images