RU2013937C1 - Method of cultivating cottonwood forest strips - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: afforestation. SUBSTANCE: method involves planting cottonwood forest strips; upon expiration of one year after planting, forest strips are sectioned by laying corridors at an angle of 45 deg. with respect to forest strip, with sectioning being effectuated by means of tractor devices and corridor width being within the range of 3,5-4,0 m; forming biogroups of cottonwoods having triangular form in plan. EFFECT: increased efficiency of protection. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agroforestry and protective afforestation, in particular, to a method for growing in the southern regions of Siberia poplar field-protecting forest strips of an agronomically effective (diagonal-coarse) construction.

 In agroforestry and protective afforestation, diagonal-group, pair-and-row methods for growing field-protective stands are known, involving the use of thinning in the design of structures. There is also a chess method for growing plantations, in which trees are placed in a checkerboard pattern (4, 5).

 The main obstacle to its widespread use was the planting of woody plants using hand tools, a more complex system of mechanized agrotechnical care, and the insufficient stability of plantations due to the removal of solid precipitation from them in winter. These methods in the conditions of the south of Siberia far from always ensure the formation of highly resistant stands of an agronomically efficient construction.

 The closest way to growing poplar forest shelterbelts is a method that includes preparing the site, cultivating the soil, laying forest belts by planting rooted cuttings or seedlings, cultivating them before crowning and subsequent formation of structures by thinning, using clearing of branches and thinning in the thickened areas of the stands.

 However, the known method in the conditions of the south of Siberia does not always ensure the formation of stands of an agronomically effective design. When planting is grown by this method, after conducting thinning, the snow is not evenly distributed over the fields adjacent to the forest belts for many years, 2-3 years after thinning or clearing of branches, there is a need for repeated silviculture, after which a further decrease in stability and plant life.

 The aim of the proposed method is to create plantings with a time-stable agronomically effective (diagonal-coarse-mesh) structure without the use of silvicultural cares, increasing their stability and durability with a higher level of mechanization of work.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the preparation of the site, tillage, planting of forest belts with seedlings or rooted cuttings in rows and subsequent agrotechnical cares are carried out using serial forest planting and other machines. In the second year after planting timber dissection carried gasket wide band (3.5-4.0 m) corridors 45 ^of the direction lesopolosy. A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype shows that the proposed method differs from the known one in that in the second year after planting, not uniform thinning and trimming of the lower branches is carried out, but cutting a forest strip by laying corridors using tractor tools into regularly alternating biogroups of triangular-shaped trees, typical for plantings of diagonal-coarse-mesh construction. Thus, the proposed method meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty." The proposed method, unlike the known ones, allows one to form already in the second year after planting a forest belt a time-stable agronomically effective diagonal-coarse-grained construction. With this design, the corridor spaces are a kind of "moisture stores." Conditions are also being created to reduce the negative impact on trees of grassy vegetation due to mechanized tillage in them and on the edges with tractor tools and the retention of solid precipitation in the biogroups of trees. And this increases the stability and durability of the stands. There is also no need for repeated thinning and chopping of knots. At the same time, the reclamation, and above all, the snow distribution properties of the stands are fundamentally improved. This allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "significant differences".

 The proposed method for growing poplar shelterbelts is implemented as follows.

 The first experimental production poplar field-protective forest strips of diagonal-coarse-grained construction were created in 1986 on the lands of the Kultura collective farm in the Kupinsky district of the Novosibirsk Region on an area of 10 hectares.

Site preparation, tillage, laying of forest belts by planting rooted cuttings or seedlings in rows and agrotechnical care in the stands is carried out using serial technology. In the second year after planting, the forest belt with the help of tractor implements is dissected into bio-groups of a triangular shape. For this purpose, the forest belt is divided into sections, the length of which is equal to the width of the forest belt (without edges). In the corners at the joints of the sections, pushpins are installed. Then, using the DT-75M tractor and a plow, 4-35 Mo-pass from one section to the opposite corner at an angle ^of 45 to the direction lesopolosy. In each subsequent section, the direction of movement of the tractor changes by 90 ^° . At the same time, a forest strip is cut into biogroups of a triangular shape with a base length of a triangle equal to the double width of the forest belt (without edges). In this case, diagonal-directional corridors with a width of 3.5-4.0 m are formed. Subsequent soil care is carried out according to a scheme representing a modification of the well-known soil cultivation scheme proposed for storing soil in staggered landings.

 The proposed method of growing forest stripes can be used in the southern regions of Siberia.

Using the proposed method for growing poplar field-protective stands of a diagonal-coarse mesh construction provides the following advantages compared to existing methods:
1. Creation of stands with a time-stable agronomically effective diagonal-coarse-grained construction.

 2. Improving the growth and development of trees.

 3. Improvement of reclamation and, above all, snow distribution properties of forest belts.

 4. Increasing the sustainability and longevity of the stands.

 5. Reducing the costs of creating and maintaining plantations by eliminating labor-intensive forest management and increasing the level of mechanization of work. Using the proposed method of growing plantings of a diagonal-coarse-grained structure, in comparison with one of the known openwork designs, the formation of which is carried out by cutting branches and thinning plantations, allows to reduce labor costs by 31%.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR GROWING TOPOLEFUL PROTECTIVE FOREST STRIPS, for example, in the steppe conditions of the south of Siberia, including cultivating the soil and laying forest belts by planting rooted cuttings or seedlings in rows using serial technology, growing them before closing with crowns and subsequent formation of structures with thinning trees, characterized in that in order to create plantings with a time-stable agronomically efficient design without the use of silvicultural care, to increase their stability and durability, in the second year after planting with the help of tractor implements, the forest strip is cut by laying corridors with a width of 3.5 - 4.0 m at an angle of 45 ^o to the direction of the forest belt and the formation of alternating bio-groups of trees triangular in plan.

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