RU2546899C1 - Method and device for embedding into soil of hard-crushed plant residues - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering and is intended for embedding into soil of hard-crushed plant residues such as stalks of oil flax. The pusher is mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and is mounted either in front of the tractor or in the rear part of the plough at the side of the untreated field.

EFFECT: invention provides offset of roller of plant residues by the pusher in the furrow opened by the plough, compaction of the roller at the bottom of the furrow by the tractor wheels moving on it, and then ploughing of the compacted roller and uncut stubble by the plough bodies with trash covers.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods and tools for incorporating into the soil difficult to grind plant residues, for example, stalks of oil flax.

Known methods and tools for deep embedment (plowing) of stubble with a plow equipped with skimmers or plow bodies with angle-shots [1]. In this case, the stubble is pre-crushed, as a rule, simultaneously with harvesting by combines equipped with grinders.

The disadvantage of this method of embedding difficultly chopped stems is that not chopped stems impede the work of tillage equipment - plows equipped with skimmers or snakes on the dump of the plow body. The plow is clogged with plant debris. The stalks of oil flax differ in physicomechanical properties from the stalks of grain crops. A significant part of them is filled with fibrous tissue, which provides great resistance to shear. Therefore, attempts to use adaptations to the combine for chopping and spreading stubble of flax evenly over the field surface did not lead to the desired result. Due to the presence of rotating knives in such devices, the fibrous stems of flax are wound on them, they become clogged, which often leads to ignition of the mass of stems. Therefore, during harvesting, stubble and plant debris are placed in a roller behind the combine, which creates obstacles for further tillage for the next (crop rotation) crop. In this case, in the case of sowing winter crops, it is recommended not to embed fibrous straw in the soil [2], but to immediately remove it from the field and immediately begin to prepare the soil for sowing. It is recommended to remove straw with the help of tractor drags or roll presses with the subsequent removal of rolls to twine factories for processing into fiber. However, due to the small number of such factories at present, the recommended method of removing flax stems from the field is not economically feasible.

Known combined unit [3] for uprooting tree stumps, including a hydraulically controlled blade mounted in front of the tractor, cultivators, etc. Located at a certain angle to the direction of movement of the blade pushes uprooted stumps and chopping residues, preparing the surface for tillage.

The disadvantage of this device is that the cultivators are not able to plug plant debris into the soil, so an additional pass of the plow with dump bodies will be required.

Known tool for anti-erosion tillage [4], containing a frame with a support wheel and a beam located at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the implement, on which plow bodies are mounted, and a disk battery having a supporting element with disk working bodies placed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the implement while the supporting element is located in front of the beam with plow bodies and is shifted forward relative to it. When the unit moves, the soil is plowed with plow bodies, at the same time, the disk working bodies cut the top soil layer and crop residues, transport the cut mass from one disk working body to another, laying it opposite the penultimate body with a shortened blade, which shifts the laid crop to the open the furrow formed by the forward hull in front, and partially sprinkles it with soil. Subsequently, the last body with a shortened blade finally forms a stub link from the cut mass.

The disadvantage of this implement is that after its passage on the field surface there are backstages with stubble, which impede the normal operation of subsequent tillage machines, for example cultivators. Their stands will be clogged with stubble from the field surface, and in the case of oilseed flax stubble, such tillage becomes practically impossible. In addition, flax fiber stub will be wound on rotating discs, which will also lead to their clogging.

The closest in technical essence is a tool for processing hardened lands [5], including an equalizer installed at an angle to the direction of movement in front of the tractor, on which the teeth-seals are mounted. Wood and plant residues along the width of the plow are leveled by the equalizer into the furrow, pressed on the bottom of the furrow with tine-seals and scented with a makeshift-swamp plow mounted behind the tractor.

A disadvantage of the known tool is that for compaction of wood and plant residues at the bottom of the furrow, an additional device is necessary: teeth-seals, which complicates the design.

As a second prototype, in terms of an alternative solution, another tool was adopted for cultivating hardened lands [6], including a swamp plow body, on which a leveling device is mounted on the side of the field edge, made in the form of a blade with teeth adjustable in height. When plowing, the equalizer collects plant debris into the swath, which is smelled by the plow during a subsequent pass. The disadvantage of such a tool is that the teeth are fixed on the equalizer, on which vegetable debris will hang during the operation, especially the stalks of oil flax, which will lead to clogging of the tool and its inoperability.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the process of incorporating difficult to grind stubble residues, such as oil flax, into the soil.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in order to eliminate the shortcomings of existing methods and machines for planting stubble residues in the soil, a stubble collar is installed in the front of the wheel tractor, and a plow with plow-blade dumping bodies equipped with angle picks for better stubble incorporation into the soil is placed . The field edge of the blade chest is made convex to form a groove profile that contributes to a better passage of the tractor wheels along the furrow. The crop residues left after harvesting by the combine when moving the tractor across the rollers are shifted by the pusher into the furrow opened earlier by the plow body, and the tractor wheels, moving along this furrow, compact the heap of crop residues. The plow makes plowing with the turnover of the soil layer already cleaned by the pusher from the surface of the field, and the compacted mass of stubble residues is covered with soil to a depth sufficient to prevent the stubble from reaching the field surface during the operation of subsequent tillage machines, for example cultivators.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a method of incorporating difficultly crushed plant residues into the soil. In FIG. 2 shows a device for incorporating into the soil difficult to crop plant residues with the location of the pusher in front of the tractor. In FIG. 3 shows a device for incorporating into the soil difficult to grind plant residues with the location of the pusher at the end of the plow from the side of the untreated field.

The method for incorporating difficultly crushed plant residues into the soil is carried out in three stages (Fig. 1): a) displacement of the roll into an open furrow; b) compaction of plant debris at the bottom of the furrow with tractor wheels; c) plowing the compacted roll and uncut stubble with a plow body with an angular take-off.

The technological process of embedding in the soil of crop and stubble plant residues occurs as follows. The pusher 2, mounted in front of the tractor at an angle to the direction of movement, moves part of the roll 1 (to the width of the plow) of the cut stubble into the furrow previously opened by the plow. The pusher blade has a cylindrical surface and is pivotally connected to the tractor frame. To reduce traction resistance, the collar is installed, using height-adjustable supports of the sliding type 5 (for example, skiing), to the height of the stubble cut by the header of the combine. The tractor, moving the right wheels 3 along the furrow 7, seals the stubble heap 9 inside, first with the front and then the rear wheels. Semi-screw plow bodies of the plow 10 wrap a layer of soil and, using angle-shoots 4, fill up (fall asleep) soil 8 compacted stubble heaps at the bottom of the furrow 9 and uncut stubble 6 from the field surface.

A device for performing the proposed method of incorporating difficultly crushed plant residues into the soil includes (Fig. 2) a wheeled tractor 3, a collar 2 mounted in front of the tractor at an angle to the direction of movement and at a height set using adjustable sliding type bearings 5, placed behind the tractor with a plow with semi-screw plow housings 10, equipped with angle detectors 4. The blade of the pusher has a cylindrical surface and is pivotally connected to the tractor frame.

Another device for performing the proposed method includes (Fig. 3) a wheeled tractor 3, a collar 2 mounted in the rear part of the plow and pivotally mounted to it from the untreated field at an angle to the direction of travel and at a height set using adjustable sliding type supports 5 located behind the tractor, the plow with half-screw plow bodies 10, equipped with angle detectors 4. The blade of the pusher has a cylindrical surface and is hinged to the plow frame.

The technological process of planting crop and stubble plant residues into the soil occurs here as in the case of the previous device, when the pusher is located in front of the tractor, only the previously shifted stubble roller into the furrow formed by the last body during the previous plow pass is compacted in the furrow by the tractor wheels and smelled in the present passage of the unit At the same time, a new section of the field is cleaned of plant residues by the width of the plow for subsequent passage.

Thus, the proposed method of incorporating into the soil difficult to grind plant residues and a device for its implementation make it possible to carry out subsequent tillage operations (for example, cultivation) with minimal costs.

Information sources

1. Listopad G.E. Agricultural and reclamation machines. / Listopad G.E. - M: Agropromizdat, 1986.P. 24-25.

2. Bushnev A.S. Productivity of oil flax varieties depending on growing conditions (crop rotation, primary soil cultivation method) on leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. / Bushnev A.S., Mamyrko Yu.V. // Oilseeds. NTB, VNIIMK. - Krasnodar, 2009. - Issue. 1, pp. 134-140.

3. A.S. USSR, No. 541463, IPC ⁵ A01G 23/06, A01B 49/02, publ. 01/05/1977

4. Patent RU 2310297, АВВ 49/02, А01В 13/16, 2007.

5. A.S. USSR, No. 477682, IPC ⁵ АВВ 17/00, publ. 07/25/1975

6. A.S. USSR, No. 245466, IPC ⁵ А01В 17/00, publ. 01/01/1969

Claims (4)

1. A method of incorporating difficultly crushed plant residues into the soil, characterized in that the plant residues from the field surface are displaced into the furrow opened by the plow, compacted by tractor wheels moving along the furrow, and plow bodies with coal-bearing shells fill the soil with plant residues compacted at the bottom of the furrow. 2. A device for incorporating into the soil difficult to grind plant residues, characterized in that it contains a plow with plow bodies and angle removals mounted on a wheeled tractor, as well as a pusher having a cylindrical surface of the blade and mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and at a height from the field surface, installed with adjustable sliding support legs. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pusher is located in front of the tractor. 4. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the pusher is located in the rear part of the plow from the side of the untreated field, and the stubble remains compaction in the furrow with wheels during the next tractor passage.

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