RU2767355C1 - Device for development of lands with wood undergrowth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry; agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forestry and agriculture and can be used for development of lands with undergrowth. Device for development of lands with wood undergrowth contains traction machine, in front of which there is a device for felling of wood undergrowth. In addition, the device contains a drum with cams installed in front of spring-loaded guide rollers installed in front of a green separator made in the form of a row of brush drums. Rotary wood grinder is installed in the direction of movement of the tree trunk. Device is equipped with inclined conveyors, one of which has the possibility of receiving the crushed wood from the wood grinder and is brought into the upper part of the accumulating hopper. Lower part of the second conveyor is located under the green separator, and its upper part is brought above the thermal chamber, in the lower part of which there is an auger furnace. In the lower part of the accumulating hopper there is a feeding vibratory chute, which has the possibility of supplying crushed wood to the auger furnace. Disk cultivator is installed in the rear part of the device behind the auger furnace. Mechanism for tree undergrowth felling is a plunger grubber with a guide conveyor with spring-loaded parallel branches.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to process undergrowth into mineral fertilizer with its simultaneous application into upper soil layer.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to forestry and agriculture and can be used for the development of land with woody undergrowth.

Approximately one tenth of our country's forests are forests growing on agricultural land. Of course, the fate of the forests, which are closest to the settlements and most visited, worries people the most. As a rule, these are also very productive forests. Most of them are located mainly in areas with a climate favorable for tree growth and on at least relatively fertile soils, which in the past were primarily developed for agriculture.

These forests can be divided into two main categories: forests grown on agricultural land abandoned in the foreseeable past, and forests that were previously provided for the use of collective farms and state farms.

The first category consists of forests that have grown or are just starting to grow on agricultural land abandoned over the past few decades. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the area of unused agricultural land is 76.3 million hectares. In the Sverdlovsk region there are 803 thousand hectares of such lands, including 548 thousand hectares - more than 3 years old and 254 thousand hectares - more than 20 years old, on which a forest was formed due to self-sowing. In this case, we are interested in undergrowth formed on abandoned fields at the age of no more than 10 years. This makes it possible to implement the technology of a soil-sparing method of returning land to agricultural use. At an older age, overgrown lands are recommended to be transferred to forestry.

Traditional schemes of uprooting woody vegetation with the help of heavy equipment lead to the destruction and depletion of the soil.

A known machine for chopping trees and shrubs on the vine, which includes a self-propelled chassis, which is mounted on an S-shaped swivel frame, at the end of which is mounted a chopping working body. On the front part of the self-propelled chassis, between the self-propelled chassis and the chopping working body, an additional working body is hung for chopping wood and mixing it with the soil (RF patent No. 2583639, publ. May 10, 2016).

The applicant also took into account the following technical solutions in the analysis: RU 2569475, RU 178892, 2 RU 535399, RU 127579, RU 2025946, RU 2038003, RU 1247490.

The closest technical solution, chosen by the applicant as a prototype, is a machine for felling and milling into small wood chips in swamps, containing a tractor and a working body attached to it using a frame driven by a tractor, made in the form of a cylindrical cutter with a transverse horizontal axis of rotation and plate knives installed on its surface in nests, as well as a chipper plate with a counter-knife mounted on the cutter frame, characterized in that the cutter drive is made with the possibility of changing the direction of rotation to the opposite and is installed in plan view along a straight longitudinal line with a gearbox at the end, the driven shaft of which, in plan view, is perpendicular to the drive shaft and is made through on both sides with half-couplings installed at both ends, and the drive shaft is passed inside the reducer casing made in the form of a pipe, with the help of which the reducer is fixed to the frame, the cutter is equipped with self-sharpening disk knives and is made in the form of a stand x from each other in the transverse direction of two hollow sealed drums, mirrored relative to their longitudinal axis, each of which is installed with its outer edge by means of a pin in the frame bearing support, and with its half-coupling fixed in the hub from the side of the inner edge, is installed in the corresponding half-coupling on driven shaft of the gearbox, the impact plate is made hollow and sealed with the ability to move relative to the cutter in the longitudinal and vertical directions, the counter-knife of the impact plate is made self-sharpening, with the possibility of adjusting the gap between its tip and the cutting edge of the disc knives, in the upper part of the cutter on its frame, a mass trap is pivotally mounted with the possibility of adjusting the angle of its inclination relative to the material thrown by the cutter, while a swamp vehicle is used as a tractor, in the front part of which a device for felling small forests is installed with the possibility of moving in a vertical plane, consisting of a transverse beam in about the entire width of the machine with parallel longitudinal guide ribs installed on it in front, between which a wedge-shaped blade is located coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the cutter (utility model RF No. 34062, publ. November 27, 2003).

The disadvantage of this design is that it only processes fine wood into chips.

The technical task of the invention is to process the undergrowth into a mineral fertilizer and apply it to the topsoil.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that the device for developing land with woody undergrowth contains a traction machine with attachments installed in front and behind the machine, and in front of the machine there is a device for felling woody undergrowth, characterized in that the device for land development in front additionally contains a drum with cams installed in front of the spring-loaded guide rollers, located one above the other, and installed in front of the green separator, made in the form of a series of brush drums, a drum wood chipper is installed in the direction of the tree trunk, the device is also equipped with inclined conveyors, one of which has the ability to receive chopped wood from the wood chipper and brought into the upper part of the storage hopper, the lower part of the second conveyor is located under the greenery separator, and its upper part is brought above the thermal chamber, in the lower part of which an auger furnace is installed, in the lower part of the bun There is a feed vibrating chute located in the storage core, which has the ability to feed the chopped wood into the auger furnace, a disc cultivator is installed in the rear part of the device behind the auger furnace, and the mechanism for felling the undergrowth is a plow puller with a guide conveyor with spring-loaded parallel branches.

Comparison of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows that it has the following features:

- the device contains a drum with cams installed in front of the spring-loaded guide rollers;

- guide rollers are located one above the other, and are installed in front of the greens separator;

- greenery separator is made in the form of a row of brush drums;

- in the direction of the tree trunk, a drum wood chipper is installed;

- the device is also equipped with inclined conveyors;

- one inclined conveyor has the ability to receive chopped wood from a wood chipper and is brought into the upper part of the storage hopper;

- the lower part of the second conveyor is located under the greens separator, and its upper part is placed above the thermal chamber;

- a screw furnace is installed in the lower part of the thermal chamber;

- in the lower part of the storage hopper there is a feeding vibrating chute, which has the ability to feed the chopped wood into the auger furnace;

- a disk cultivator is installed in the rear part of the device behind the auger furnace;

- the mechanism for felling woody undergrowth is a plow puller with a guide conveyor with spring-loaded parallel branches.

Therefore, we can assume that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

The device can be manufactured using known technical means, so it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

A feature of the device is that it allows you to process the undergrowth extracted from the soil into mineral fertilizer and apply it to the topsoil, which allows you to use the cultivated area for growing crops in the future. When conducting patent information research, the claimed set of features was not identified, therefore, the claimed device meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The figure schematically shows the claimed device.

The device contains:

1. Undergrowth plow puller.

2. Guide conveyor with spring-loaded parallel branches.

3. Drum with cams for removing soil from the roots.

4. Spring-loaded guide rollers. 5. Greenery separator.

6. Rotary wood chipper.

7. Inclined conveyor for loading chopped wood into the storage hopper.

8. Hopper storage.

9. Feeding vibrating tray.

10. Thermal chamber with screw furnace.

11. Disc cultivator for embedding ash into the soil.

12. Chimney.

13. Inclined conveyor for tree green removal.

14. Bunker of a thermal chamber for drying greenery.

15. Top layer of soil with mineral fertilizer applied.

The device works as follows.

The device for developing land with woody undergrowth moves frontally relative to the undergrowth boundary. Undergrowth plow lifter 1 penetrates into the soil and extracts undergrowth with the root system. The undergrowth falls into the area of action of the guide conveyor 2, which is a spring-loaded branches. The spring-loaded branches of the conveyor grab the trunk of the nearest tree near the root system (view A) and move it piece by piece, at the same time transferring it to a horizontal position and orienting it forward with the root into the working area of the drum 3 with cams for shaking the soil from the roots. Further, the tree, cleaned from the soil, is fed with its roots forward into spring-loaded guide rollers 4, which move the tree piece by piece to the green separator 5 to remove tree greens (needles, foliage). The cleaned trunk of the undergrowth moves to the wood chipper 6. The chopped wood is moved to the storage hopper 8 by means of an inclined conveyor 7. The feed vibrating tray 9 forms and directs the chopped wood pulp into the thermal chamber with the screw furnace 10. The wood pulp, passing through the screw furnace, burns out and turns to ash. At the outlet of the screw furnace, an ash flow is formed, which is embedded into the soil by a disc cultivator 11. The draft necessary for the combustion of wood pulp in the thermal chamber is created by a chimney 12. Wood greenery is fed to the bunker of the thermal chamber 14 with the help of a conveyor 13, in which the wood greenery is dried. by using the heat of the thermal chamber for further use. When moving this device for the development of land with woody undergrowth, the soil 15, cleared of woody undergrowth, treated with a cultivator and fertilized with combustion products, remains along its trajectory, ready for further processing and growing crops.

Thus, the claimed invention makes it possible to process the undergrowth extracted from the soil into a mineral fertilizer, which is applied to the topsoil.

Claims (1)

A device for land development with woody undergrowth, comprising a traction machine with attachments installed in front and behind the traction machine, and a device for felling woody undergrowth is installed in front of the traction machine, characterized in that the device for land development in front additionally comprises a drum with cams installed in front of spring-loaded guide rollers located one above the other and installed in front of the green separator, made in the form of a series of brush drums, a drum wood chipper is installed in the direction of the tree trunk, the device is also equipped with inclined conveyors, one of which has the ability to receive chopped wood from the drum wood chipper and is brought into the upper part of the storage hopper, the lower part of the second conveyor is located under the greenery separator, and its upper part is brought above the thermal chamber, in the lower part of which an auger furnace is installed, in the lower part of the storage hopper there is a feeding vibrating chute, which has the ability to feed the chopped wood into the auger furnace, in the rear part of the device behind the auger furnace there is a disc cultivator, and the mechanism for felling the undergrowth is a plow puller with a guide conveyor with spring-loaded parallel branches.

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