RU2740173C1 - Combined unit of biomelioration of lands with processing of wood shrubs for recycling of wood chips, wood ash and seeds sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Combined aggregate of biomelioration of lands with processing of wood shrubs for recycling of wood chips, wood ashes and seeds sowing contains self-propelled basic chassis with three-section frame with installed on each section of frame on two wheel pairs with paired wheels. On the first section of the frame there arranged is a locating-movable frontal-mounted grinder with a receiving-supply chute on the bottomless ladle body with horizontal and vertical knives on its front wall; chipping device, including bucking blades discs with tier arrangement of knives and shaft of auger-thrower of chips with two-row chips separator installed between them mounted on side walls of bucket of hydraulic drives of shaft of drill-saw blades and on the rear wall of the ladle of two slit trapezoidal tapers converging to the ejector of the separated mass. On the first section of the frame there is also a manipulator; fan; compressor; container with centrifuge and container including accumulator with ash dispenser; gas product pipeline with nozzles for its introduction into the subsoil layer; milling cutter bucket with nozzles for application of process material and subsoil planning of soil surface; full-rotary manipulator, including telescopic boom, on ends of which is mounted disk-felling mechanism in form of billet saw blade and double-jaw bucket; operator's cabin with computer, control processor with GLONASS code or GPS coordinate receiver and control panel of automatic switching on and off of actuator drive. Blades with blunt installation angle are rigidly fixed to bottom of front wall and ladle sides. Behind the operator cabin there is a tank of finely dispersed chemicals with a batcher, a fan and a product pipeline into the milling cutter bowl. Second frame section accommodates base chassis engine; compressor; containers with compartments and pipeline for cut soil; pipeline for reserve soil or components of organomineral fertilizer interlayer; vessel of liquid manure or solution of nitrogen fertilizers with pipeline; two cyclones and centrifuge; furnace chamber and gas generator; overload mechanism and accumulator of charcoal; disc-chipping equipment; manipulator with telescopic jib and with double-jawed bucket grip and harvester mechanism for gripping and cutting. Gripper-and delimiting equipment is installed above the grinder. On the third section of the frame there is a tank for solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms; accumulators of trunks of commercial timber; pneumatic seed drills with batchers; hollow posts and air seeding attachments. Stacking devices are arranged behind the strut stands.

EFFECT: reduced time for reclamation of degraded lands with forest plains, increased productivity of agricultural lands.

11 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and will find application in the development of degraded lands, in the radical improvement of unused meadows and arable land with deoxidation or desalinization of the soil, as well as in the reconstruction of reclamation systems.

The essence of the problem lies in the fact that at present large areas (130 million hectares) of arable land, meadows and pastures have undergone degradation in order to restore the functioning of arable land and meadows on rainfed or fallow lands, along with preventing the removal of salts during water transpiration through the capillaries. on the surface of the soil, it is required to remove the forest shrub while preserving the humus and the surface layer of the soil to eliminate the increase in degraded lands reaching 1.5 million hectares per year, as well as the possibility of wind and water erosion; implementation of biological tillage with the introduction of a layer of manure, a solution with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms; heat treatment of wood chips, pieces (logs) of wood; mechanical processing with mid-depth loosening of subsoil horizons of the soil regulating the amount of water for the development of the root mass of plants and chemical treatment of the soil layer with the introduction of ameliorants, which will increase the productivity of the ameliorated lands. In addition, the increased fire hazard of depleted peatlands requires the removal of all felled tree and shrub vegetation outside their boundaries or the use of the biological process of destruction - decomposition of wood pulp with the production of organic decay products that increase the productivity of agricultural plants.

The known design of the forest machine, consisting of a two-section frame. On the first section there is a power plant and an operator's cabin, on the second - technological equipment, including a boom with a system of hydraulic cylinders and a gripping-cutting device mounted on the end of the boom (St. RF for utility model No. 31910, IPC А01G 23/08, Bul . No. 25, 2003). The disadvantage of this machine is the need, after its operation, to remove stumps, remove sawn timber and cut branches, as well as mineralization of soil humus.

Known design of a machine for thinning wood, consisting of a three-section frame, each of the sections is equipped with two pairs of wheels. The first section contains technological equipment, including a boom with a system of hydraulic cylinders, at the end of which a felling mechanism is mounted, and a chipping device located in the front of this section, connected by a pipeline for transporting chips to a container located on the third section of the frame, and on the middle section of the frame an operator's cabin and a power plant were installed (RF patent No. 2121264, IPC A01G 23/02, Bull. No. 31, 1998). The use of this machine allows on-site felling of woody vegetation, turning it into chips, filling the chips into a container for subsequent removal. The disadvantage of this machine is the need for free space for laying the cut trees on the surface of the earth for subsequent processing into chips, while after cutting the trees, stumps remain on which shoots are formed, which make it difficult to mechanized harvesting of green fodder, and require the introduction of organic fertilizers and ameliorants. In addition, this machine can only be operated on level ground.

A device for accelerated tinning of soddy soils is known (RU, Pat. Invention No. 2423034, IPC А01В 49/06, BPMI. No. 19, 10.07.2011), containing a cylindrical milling drum with L-shaped knives, a casing, frontally hung with a mechanical drive from the base chassis , a smooth roller, a front rotary plow, on the rear hitch it is equipped with a frame with an active chopper-leveler, including loosening paws and a rotor, a trailed seeder with fertilizer lines, two wheels and a roller is attached to the mounted frame. The disadvantage of the invention is: the ability to work on patches of shrub growth with rare small shrubs, embedding of wood shavings and small chips in the casing layer of soil and large chips with 0.15 ... 0.3 m stem lengths, the destruction of which with the release of phenol lasts up to 7 years, which reduces productivity; lack of a device for crimping stems, pieces of turf, holding a pressure device; in addition, the absence of a device for introducing ameliorant and subsoilers that form slots for the accumulation of products of chemical reactions, which slows down the growth of plants from seeds, reduces the quality and timing of reclamation work.

There is a known device for a combined unit for long-tier processing of saline soils with over-sowing of seeds (RU, Pat. Invention No. 2618097, IPC А01В 49/06, А01В 13/14, BPMI. No. 13, 05/02/2017), containing a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame with placed on the first section of the frame of the tillage machine, which includes a manipulator with a swing-over telescopic boom, at the end of its second section, a frontal blade is mounted, a disc-cutting three-section device is attached to it, an additional frame with fixed blocks of a separating grid and a movably fixed battery of double-sided lancet paws with hollow racks connected through a pump by a pipeline with a tank for liquid manure, and on the second section of the frame there is a tank for manure with a locking device on the product pipeline, a tank for water, a movable additional frame with a mechanism for deepening a long-level volumetric subsoiler made with hollow parabolic racks and connected dumps, where the dispensers and product pipelines in racks, under the dumps are connected with a pump and a container for liquid or dust-like ameliorants, fixed on the third section of the frame, in addition, a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms is located on the third section of the frame, there are three sections of pneumatic seeders with dispensers and distribution heads connected to the product pipelines fixed on the rear side of the racks with chisels and with the seed bed openers in the slot behind the disc coulter, behind the coulter racks there is a rolling device made including a double-beam mala and a chain harrow. The disadvantage of the invention is the adaptability of the operation of the combined unit in the conditions of sparse shrub growth with preliminary removal of stumps, medium and large shrubs, small forests and commercial wood and the impossibility of preserving stubble and topsoil to eliminate the possibility of wind and water erosion, the implementation of biological soil cultivation with the introduction of organic fertilizer interlayers, solution with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the gap on the stubble or in the sod.

Known device for harvesting and processing small-sized non-operational plantations (RF patent for utility model No. 101319, IPC A01G 23/02, bull. No. 2, 01/20/2011), consisting of a machine chassis, removable additional frame, chipper, container for storage of chips, a conveyor for feeding chips from a container to a gas generator, a gas generator, a compressor station, a tank for storing fuel gas, an installed column with a rotary support and a manipulator consisting of an arrow, a handle, a gripper and cutting device. The disadvantage of the installation is the narrow specialization of its use, the need for preliminary removal of commercial wood, uprooting stumps, cutting the roots of shrubs and mature forests, the absence of a cyclone and a centrifuge for drying the crushed wood before feeding into the gas generator, the absence of a device for introducing ash into the sub-cover layer of soil and a container for the resulting of charcoal with cooling and filling.

Known forest machine device (RU, patent. Invention No. 2535162, IPC A01G 23/02, A01L 11/00, BPMI. No. 34, 10.07.2013), containing a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame. On the first section of the frame there is a frontal chipper connected by a pipeline for transporting chips with a container placed on the third section of the frame, an arrow with a system of hydraulic cylinders, at the end of which a felling mechanism in the form of a chipping-saw blade is mounted, equipped with a chip receiver with a fan connected with an additional pipe to the pipeline for transportation of chips to the container, as well as the operator's cabin on guides with the possibility of longitudinal and transverse movement in the horizontal plane. On the middle section of the frame there is a power plant and a disc-cutting equipment connected by a pipeline to a container. On the third section of the frame, an additional manipulator with a two-jaw bucket grab and a storage container are mounted. Each section of the frame is equipped with three wheel pairs - middle support and extreme swivel ones, equipped with telescopic brackets with hydraulic drives. With this implementation, the machine works on terrain with difficult terrain, the removal of bushes and stumps when moving across the slope or along the slope of the reclamation channel with cleaning its perimeter from bushes or undergrowth. The disadvantage of the forest machine is the removal of shredded greenery and chips of stumps and trunks of non-commercial forest, without using them to increase the fertility of the developed area, the need for preliminary removal of commercial wood, cutting the roots of shrub and mature forest, the absence of a cyclone and a centrifuge for drying shredded wood before feeding to storage hopper, lack of a device for transferring shavings and chips from the container to tractor trailers or dump trucks.

There is a known device for a combined tool for leveling and tillage of irrigated lands before sowing (SU, Pat. Invention No. 1762772, IPC A01V 49/06, BI. No. 36, 23.09.1992), containing a tractor and a long-base planner with a three-section hinged frame with the first section of the frame with paired wheels and auger working body, on the second section of the bottomless bucket, tanks for water, biomeliorants, chemical solution, air supply mechanism, pump for solutions and water, in the third section there are rippers, twin wheels, a mechanism for raising and lowering the bucket. The bucket is made with a dump and an air duct, including a dispenser and a water conduit, a knife kinematically connected to the bottom with a divider of the cut soil flow and with the ability to move the knife for cutting or unloading. The disadvantage of the invention is the adaptability of the operation of the combined tool in irrigated loess lands with preliminary removal of shrub growth, sod, mineralization of humic substances during crushing of the topsoil and the impossibility of stubble conservation to eliminate the possibility of wind and water erosion.

The proposed combined unit for biomelioration of lands with the processing of forest shrubs for the disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds, including a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame with two wheel pairs with paired wheels installed on each section of the frame, containing on the first section of the frame an installation- a movably frontally placed shredder with a receiving and feeding chute on the body of a bottomless bucket, horizontal and vertical knives on its front wall, a chipping device that includes a battery of chipping and sawing discs fixed on the side walls of the bucket with a battery of chipping and sawing discs with a tiered arrangement of knives and a shaft of a chip-thrower with installed between them of a two-row chip separator and on the rear wall of the bucket two slotted trapezoidal receivers of the separated mass tapering to the ejector, as well as located on the first section of the frame: a manipulator, a fan, a compressor, a container with a centrifuge and a container, in connecting a storage device with an ash dispenser, a gas-product pipeline with nozzles for its introduction into the sub-cover layer of the soil, in addition, knives with an obtuse angle of installation are rigidly fixed to the bottom of the front wall and sides of the bucket, a router bucket with nozzles for introducing technological material and subsoil leveling of the soil surface , a full-revolving manipulator, including a telescopic boom, at the ends of which a disc-felling mechanism in the form of a chipping-saw blade and a double-jaw bucket is mounted, an operator's cabin, with a computer that controls a processor with a coded GLONASS or GPS receiver of coordinates and a control panel for automatic switching on and off the drive of workers organs, behind the operator's cab there is a container of fine chemicals with a dispenser, a fan and a product pipeline into the milling cutter bucket.

The combined unit contains on the second section of the frame: the engine of the base chassis, a compressor, containers with compartments and a pipeline for cut soil, a pipeline for reserve soil or components of an organomineral fertilizer layer, a container of liquid manure or a solution of nitrogen fertilizers with a pipeline, two cyclones and a centrifuge, a combustion chamber and a gas generator, a reloading mechanism and a charcoal accumulator, a disc-chopping equipment, a manipulator with a telescopic boom and with a two-jaw bucket grab and a harvester gripping and cutting mechanism, a gripping and delimbing equipment is installed above the grinder, on the third section of the frame there are: a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms , accumulators of commercial timber trunks, as well as pneumatic seeders with dispensers, hollow racks and nozzles for pneumatic seeding of seeds, behind the racks of the openers there is a rolling device. At the same time, it includes on the first section of the frame a frontally located boom with a system of hydraulic cylinders for the installation-movable transfer of the grinder with a chipper to the working and transport position, on its bottomless bucket a fixed swivel chute with a receiving and feeding mechanism, a wood chip thrower and on a hinged rear wall bucket of two slotted trapezoidal chips receivers, pneumatic product pipelines tapering to the ejector, and also includes on the first section of the frame a bottomless bucket with an installation-movable milling cutter for subsoil leveling of the soil surface, nozzles for introducing technological material, distributing an organic-mineral biologically active fertilizer layer in the boundary layer of soil and soil mixture (OMBAUS), with its composition, vol. %: 15 ... 32 crushed plant residues with nitrogen-fixing associated bacteria - "mizorin" or "letekhnin", 10 ... 25 humus (compost) and additionally carbonate sapropel with the inclusion of hydrogen peroxide Н ₂ О ₂ , 3 ... 12 powdered montmorillonite with a trace element molybdenum, 15 ... 35 silt, silt, sand, 15 ... 40 clay.

In addition, it includes on the first section of the frame the operator's cabin on guides with the possibility of longitudinal and transverse movement in the horizontal plane and contains a system of navigation equipment from a computer, a control processor with a code GLONASS or a GPS coordinate receiver and a control panel with an electronic control unit for automatic switching on and off the drive of workers bodies of the combined unit, under the operator's cab it is possible to install a measurement control unit, collection and conversion of measurement information associated with sensors embedded in the front part of the side walls of the milling cutter bucket to the horizontal knife and its blade, while they can be placed on two side walls and connected by cables with control unit and processing of agrotechnological characteristics of the soil and boundary soil layer with the transfer of processed information to the computer screen to the operator's cabin with proposals for adjusting the rates of application of technological material for making a decision in a dialog box, and behind the operator's cab there is a container of fine chemicals with a dosing device, a fan and a product pipeline into the milling cutter bucket for soil deoxidization and in front of the operator's cab, connected to the combustion chamber, a container with a centrifuge and a container including a storage tank with an ash dosing device, a pressure feed compressor ash through the gas product pipeline, with attachments under the knife and the blade in front of the bottomless ladle of the cutter under the cut soil layer for enrichment with ash and gas of the undercover soil layer and includes on the first section of the frame a full-revolving manipulator with a telescopic boom, at one end of which is mounted a handle with a disc-felling mechanism for crushing stumps, cleaning the trunks of shrubs and fungi from tops, branches, cutting into sections of trunks without their felling and the other end, a handle with a two-jaw bucket for picking up and moving sections of trunks, cut tops and large branches to the receiving chute of the chipper. Includes a compressor on the second section of the frame, containers with compartments and a pipeline for cut soil, a pipeline for reserve soil or components of an organic-mineral fertilizing layer, a pipeline from a container of liquid manure or a solution of nitrogen fertilizers, a container with a storage tank for finely ground plant mass with a cyclone for centrifugal drying in two cyclones, followed by feeding into a centrifuge through a flow divider and unloading into an ejector forming a pressure gas shell with engine exhaust gases in a product pipeline connected to a combustion chamber through a storage funnel with feeding from it by the mechanism of batch loading of thick sections of wood trunks for heating with transfer to a gas generator , including a system for the selection of the obtained biogas, as well as its supply to the combustion chamber, at the same time, on the second section of the frame, it includes a gas generator with a mechanism for portionwise reloading of the obtained charcoal into the storage unit and Arrival or supply through the product pipeline to vehicles. Includes an additional manipulator with a telescopic boom on the second section of the frame, at one end with a handle on which a two-jaw bucket grab is mounted and movably mounted and at the other end a handle with a harvester mechanism for gripping, cutting and feeding trunks to a gripping and delimbing equipment rotatable in a horizontal plane with an independent with a drive, which is installed above the grinder with a receiving chute, and on the third section of the frame includes a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, connected to a product pipeline fixed on the bracket of a disc opener, and also located seed hoppers of sections of pneumatic seeders with dispensers, connected to the product lines fixed in hollow racks with chisels at the end and with openers for the seedbed and nozzles for row sowing of seeds of grain cover crops, nozzles for binary pneumatic seeding of grass mixtures between rows, or on the soil surface, in addition, a rolling device that includes a roller of bars with a chain harrow, storage devices for trunks of mature and over-mature timber with a sorting device according to the diameter of tree trunks, containing non-rotating vertical posts and on retractable brackets with an inclined surface and hinges for tipping when unloading the trunks. In addition, on each section of the frame, the wheelsets are equipped with swivel telescopic arms with hydraulic drives and for greater cross-country ability and stability, the wheelsets can be doubled, i.e. consisting of four wheels, and the support-traction wheel pairs can be additionally equipped with quick-mounted rubber-metal tracks.

Analysis of the patent and technical documentation did not reveal a similar implementation of the device of the combined unit for land biomelioration with the processing of forest shrubs for the disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds, showed that the invention is new, does not follow explicitly from the prior art.

The purpose of the alleged invention - the device is

accelerating the restoration of the effective functioning of degraded meadows, arable land, preserving the existing organic matter in the cover layer, obtaining deoxidized soil on reclaimed rainfed lands with a supply of moisture and nutrients, which ensures an increase in the productivity of cultivated plants and prevents wind erosion.

The technical result of the proposed invention is a reduction in the time of reclamation of degraded lands with forest shrubs, a change in the ratio of solid, liquid, gaseous phases of the soil during its cultivation and saturation with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that improve the development of a mixture of herbs, cover grain and tall grasses sown on green fodder, which provides an increase in the productivity of agricultural land and subsequent water-saving rainfed cultivation of row crops.

A new technical result from the use of the proposed device is achieved by the fact that pre-design surveys are carried out using a geographic information system (GIS), the results of soil agromeliorative surveys of the site obtained with the integrated use of a laser scanning system - lidar and a geophysical method of route-based land-based excavation-free determination of the initial indicators of the state of degraded lands - sonar with the simultaneous introduction of the obtained data on a magnetic carrier with a geographic reference, accelerating the conduct of surveys, according to the results of which the preparation and transmission of programs in digital form to the control processor of the combined unit is carried out, which allows the targeted introduction of ameliorant within the contour of the soil degradation spot and automatic adjusting the depth of the knives when combining the types of complex soil treatments with a bottomless bucket with a milling cutter and a system of nozzles feeding a technological mat series, and the use in the device of the alleged invention of the possibility of installing a measurement control unit, collecting and converting measurement information connected by cables with sensors embedded in the front part of the side walls of the milling cutter bucket to the horizontal knife and its blade, with a control unit and processing of agricultural technological characteristics, information output through the information system on the computer screen to the operator's cabin with proposals for adjusting the rates of application of technological material, provide their savings, and the supply of an organic-mineral mixture of a fertilizer layer in a gas-pressure shell allows it to be laid through hollow racks above the layer of introduced chips, which ensures an increase and preservation of stocks moisture, nutrients, increasing the productivity of agricultural land. Implementation of the felling mechanism in the form of a chipper-saw blade with an additional pipeline and a fan, as well as the supply of chipping equipment connected by a transport pipeline with a container on the second section of the frame, and an additional manipulator with a two-jaw bucket grip allow removing bushes and trees without preliminary felling by sequential cutting into cuts, including chopping the stump. At the same time, the chipping equipment of the middle section allows cutting pieces of wood into chips and feeding it into a container of large chips for reloading into the combustion chamber, and the gripping and delimbing equipment rotary in the horizontal plane and a full-revolving manipulator provide cleaning of timber trunks from knots, bark and laying the trunks into storage on the third section of the frame with sorting by diameter. The combustion chamber and the gas generator, located on the second section of the frame, ensure the utilization of chips and pieces of timber trunks with the receipt of ash for its undercover introduction, which increases fertility, and charcoal can be used as a sorbent. A container with a storage tank for chopped plant mass accumulation on the second section of the frame ensures its subsequent drying in a centrifuge and (or) in a cyclone with feeding through an ejector, which forms a gas envelope for this mass from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine with a temperature from 450 ° C to 1380 ° C, a pipe connected to the intake device of the combustion chamber, which makes it possible to accelerate its ignition and maintain the temperature to prepare sections of wood trunks for pyrolysis in the gas generator.

Placed on the third section of the frame: a storage of timber trunks, a compressor, a product pipeline, containers for seeds, a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, as well as pneumatic seeders with dispensers and distribution heads attached to the frame of the third section, connected to product pipelines and racks for row seeding with seed compactors bed and nozzles of binary sowing on the soil surface between the rows, provide during the period of soil cultivation, obtaining balanced nutritional qualities of green fodder and subsequent cultivation of highly productive row crops. Mounting the cab on the front section on guides creates the necessary visibility for work. A bottomless bucket with a milling cutter, including an installation-movable in a vertical plane auger-hammering device with a soil thrower, a fan and an ejector, connected by a pipeline to a container in the second section, including a container, a batcher and a compressor for moving soil into the bucket, allows you to level or plan the surface of the subsoil soil, keeping organic matter in the soil layer. The supply of the frame sections with additional wheels and hydraulically driven pivoting telescopic arms ensures good maneuverability of the machine and allows the frame to be installed in a horizontal working position on slopes.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the combined unit when the equipment is placed in the working position, side view; in fig. 2 is a side view of the first section of the combined unit; in fig. 3 is a diagram of the grinder, side view; in fig. 4 is a diagram of a chopper bottomless bucket gate, general view; in fig. 5 is a diagram of a bottomless milling cutter bucket, general view; in fig. 6 is a side view of the second section of the combined unit; in fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the third section of the combined unit.

The drawings show the proposed device for a combined unit for biomelioration of land with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds, including a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame 1, 2, 3 (Fig. 1) of the combined unit 4 (Fig. 1) with installed on each section of the frame there are two wheel pairs 5 (Fig. 1) with paired wheels, containing an installation-movably frontally placed chopper 6 (Fig. 1) with a receiving and feeding chute 7 (Fig. 1) on the body of the bottomless bucket 8 (Fig. 1, 2), horizontal and vertical knives 9 (Fig. 1, 2) on its front wall 10 (Fig. 1, 2), a chipping device 11 (Fig. 2), including fixed on the side walls 12 (Fig. 1, 2) bucket 8 hydraulic drives of the shaft 13 (Fig. 2) of the battery of chipping and saw blades 14 (Fig. 1, 2) with a tiered arrangement of knives 15 (Fig. 2) and the shaft 16 (Fig. 1, 2) of the auger-thrower 17 ( Fig. 2, 3) chips with installed between them two-row separator 18 (Fig. 3) chips and on the rear stage nke 19 (Fig. 3) a bucket of two slotted 20 (Fig. 3) trapezoidal receivers 22 (Fig. 3) of the separated mass tapering to the ejector 21 (Fig. 3), and also located on the first section of the frame: manipulator 23 (Fig. 1, 2), a cabin 24 (Fig. 1, 2) operator, fan 25 (Fig. 2), compressor 26 (Fig. 2), container with a centrifuge and a container 27 (Fig. 2), including an accumulator with a dispenser 28 (Fig. 2) ash, gas product pipeline 29 (Fig. 5), with nozzles 30 (Fig. 5) for its introduction into the sub-cover layer of the soil, in addition, knives 9 with an obtuse angle of installation, are rigidly fixed to the bottom of the front wall 10 and the sides 12 of the bucket 8, cut a slot a depth of up to 0.08 m and sections of trunks of shrub growth, branches, high stems of herbaceous plants, no more than 0.15 m long, and a frontal chopping device 6, through ejectors 21 connected by a pipeline 31 (Fig. 3) for transporting chips to a ladle 33 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) mill 34 (Fig. 5) and through a flow divider with a shut-off device 46 (Fig. 2) with a container 35 (Fi g. 1, 6), pipeline 32 (Fig. 3) with container 35 placed on the second section of the frame, boom 36 (Fig. 1, 2) with a system of hydraulic cylinders 37 (Fig. 2) transferring the chopper 6 with the chipping device 11 to the working position , while the full-revolving manipulator 23 includes a telescopic boom 38 (Figs. 1, 2), at the ends of which a disc-felling mechanism 39 (Fig. 2) and a two-jaw bucket 40 (Fig. 2) are mounted for picking up and moving sections of trunks, cut tops and large branches on the receiving chute 7 of the chipper 11, behind the operator's cabin 24 there is a container 41 (Fig. 2) of fine chemicals with a dispenser 42 (Fig. 2), a fan 43 (Fig. 2) and a product pipeline 44 (Fig. 2) in bucket 33 milling cutter 34 for soil deoxidation. Felling mechanism 39 on boom 38 is made in the form of a chipping-saw blade 45 (Fig. 2) and (for example, according to US Pat. No. 2480982), equipped with a chip receiver with a fan connected by an additional pipe to the pipeline 32 (not shown in the drawing) for transporting the chips to a container 35 placed on the second section of the frame. The operator's cabin is located on the first section of the frame on guides 47 (Fig. 2) with the possibility of longitudinal and transverse movement in the horizontal plane and contains a system of navigation equipment from a computer 48 (Fig. 2), a control processor 49 (Fig. 2) with a code GLONASS or GPS receiver 50 (Fig. 2) coordinates and a control panel with an electronic control unit 51 (Fig. 2) for automatic switching on and off the drive of the working bodies of the combined unit 4. Under the operator's cab, it is possible to install a measurement control unit, collecting and converting measurement information 52 (Fig. . 2) connected with sensors 53 (Fig. 5) cut into the front part of the side walls 54 (Fig. 5) of the bucket 33 of the milling cutter 34 (Fig. 2, 5) to the horizontal knife 55 (Fig. 5) and its blade 56 ( Fig. 5), while they can be placed along a common horizontal plane on two side walls 54 with the same depth from the surface of the topsoil and connected by cables, including fiber optic eskim with control unit 52 and processing of agrotechnological characteristics of the soil and boundary soil layer. The processed information with proposals for adjusting the rates of application of technological material through the information system is sent to the computer screen 48 in the operator's cabin 24 for making a decision in a dialog box. The second section of the frame contains: a compressor 97 (Fig. 6), containers with compartments 57 (Fig. 1, 6) and a pipeline 94 (Fig. 5) for cut soil, a pipeline 95 (Fig. 5) for reserve soil or components of organomineral fertilizer layer, pipeline 96 (Fig. 5) from the tank 58 (Fig. 1, 6) of liquid manure or solution of nitrogen fertilizers, the container 35 on the second section of the frame with a tank for the accumulation of finely ground plant mass with a cyclone 59 (Fig. 6) for its centrifugal drying in two cyclones 59, followed by feeding into a centrifuge 60 (Fig. 1, 6) through a flow divider and unloading into an ejector 61 (Fig. 1, 6) forming a pressure gas envelope with the exhaust gases of the engine 70 (Fig. 1, 6) product pipeline 62 (Fig. 1, 6), connected to the combustion chamber 63 (Fig. 6), equipped with a lattice tray and an intake device (not shown in the drawing) through the accumulation funnel 64 (Fig. 6) with feeding from it by the mechanism of portion loading of thick wood trunks for heating ev with movement into the gas generator 65 (Fig. 6), including a system for sampling 66 (Fig. 6) of the obtained biogas, as well as its supply to the combustion chamber 63. The gas generator 65 includes a mechanism for batch transfer 67 (Fig. 6) of the obtained charcoal into the accumulator 68 (Fig. 6). The combustion chamber 63 includes a mechanism for unloading and supplying ash to the cooling chamber 27, with portionwise reloading into the container 28 on the first section of the frame for subsequent feeding into the container with the ash dispenser 69 (Fig. 2). The power plant with one, two or several engines 70 (Fig. 1, 6) includes, according to the proposed invention, an independent drive of the propellers, a disc-breaking equipment 71 (Fig. 6), an additional manipulator 72 (Fig. 6) with a telescopic boom 73 (Fig. 6) equipped at one end with a two-jaw bucket grab 74 (Fig. 6) and at the other end with a harvester mechanism 75 (Fig. 6) gripping and cutting. On the middle section 2 of the frame above the shredder with the receiving chute 71 there is a gripping and delimbing equipment 76 (Fig. 6) rotatable in the horizontal plane with an independent drive. The third section of the frame contains: a container 77 (Fig. 7) for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, connected to a distribution head 78 (Fig. 7) and a product pipeline 79 (Fig. 7) fixed on an arm 80 (Fig. 7) of a disc opener 81 ( Fig. 7), as well as the seed hoppers of sections of pneumatic seeders 82 (Fig. 7) with dispensers 83 (Fig. 7), connected to the product pipelines 84 (Fig. 7), fixed in hollow racks 85 (Fig. 7) with chisels at the end and with flaps (not shown in the drawing) for the seedbed in the slot behind the disc coulter 81, for row sowing of seeds of grain cover crops, with nozzles 86 (Fig. 7), nozzles 87 (Fig. 7) for binary pneumatic seeding of grass mixture seeds between the rows, or on the soil surface, behind the coulters 85 there is a rolling device, which includes a bar roller 88 (Fig. 7) with a chain harrow. In addition, on the third section of the frame there are accumulators 89 (Fig. 7) of trunks of mature and over-mature timber. The accumulator 89 can be with a sorting device according to the diameter of tree trunks, is made in the form of non-rotatable vertical posts 90 (Fig. 7) on the third section of the frame and on retractable brackets 91 (Fig. 7), with the shape of the posts having an inclined surface and hinges providing overturning when unloading trunks. In addition, on each section of the frame, the wheelsets 5 are equipped with pivoting telescopic arms 92 (Fig. 7) with hydraulic drives 93 (Fig. 7) and for greater cross-country ability and stability, the wheelsets can be made double, i.e. consisting of four wheels, and the wheelsets can be equipped with quick-fit rubber-metal tracks.

The proposed combined unit for biomelioration of lands with the processing of forest shrubs for the disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds, on the base wheeled chassis 4 (Fig. 1), operates as follows:

As an example, consider the improvement of a degraded agricultural land with stumps, bumps, shrubs, mature and over-mature forests, and highly acidic soil.

On the reclaimed area with strongly acidic soil, with spots of degradation after the agromeliorative survey, the scanned data obtained are entered into the GIS database and onto the magnetic medium of the computer 48 (Fig. 2) with a geographic reference and drawing up a project for integrated biomelioration of degraded lands, a program for automatic switching on and off is being prepared her working bodies from the control panel 49 (Fig. 2.) with a bunch of coordinates through the code GLONASS or GPS receiver 50 (Fig. 2.), transfer the program to the electronic control unit 51 (Fig. 2.) and bring the combined unit 4 to the site ... Frame sections 1, 2, 3 are connected and 5 wheel pairs are installed, a chopper 6, a manipulator 23, a telescopic boom 38, a disc roll mechanism 39 and a two-jaw bucket 40, pneumatic seeders 82 and a leveling-compaction device 88. Containers 41, 57, 58, 77 are loaded. , hoppers of sections of pneumatic seeders 82 with technological material.

Engine 70 is started. Arrow 36 and multi-section booms 38, 73 of manipulators 23, 72 and with working bodies 11. 39, 40, 74, 75 are transferred to the working position. When the machine is moving, they begin to cut off sections of trunks, tops of forest shrubs and chop stumps with a disc-felling mechanism 39 and shrubs with a front grinder 6 and a disc-felling mechanism 39 on transverse headlands with the supply of greenery, shavings, chips to the combustion chamber 63.

The manipulator 23 moves the chipping-saw disc 45 to single medium and large bushes, trees, stumps on the lighthouse and adjacent adjacent strip, and the handle of the manipulator 23 regulates the inclination of the plane of the saw-chipping disc 45 and sets it at the height of cutting tops, trimming branches, cutting trunks into sections, cutting stumps into chips and a rotating disk 45 is fed into the wood by a reversible hydraulic motor, and the felled chips, shavings and sawdust through the receiving window of the pneumatic casing and an additional pipe through the pneumatic pipeline are fed into the cavity of the container 35 with cyclone 59 connected to the centrifuge 60 for drying and loading into combustion chamber 63. Manipulator 23 install boom 38 over the tree sections lying on the strip, cut off tops, branches of bushes and trees and collect and move them with a two-jaw bucket grab 40 into the disc-chopping equipment 14 with the supply of fine chips through the ejector 21 through the pneumatic pipeline 32 into the cavity of the container 35 connected to the combustion chamber 63 The shut-off device on the flow divider 46 closes the supply of chips from the pipeline 31 to the ladle 33 of the router 34 and directs the chips to the container 35. The wood shrub trunks are fed by the bucket grab 74 of the manipulator 72 into the storage funnel 64 with movement through the combustion chamber 63 to the gas generator 65 for pyrolysis and with the subsequent unloading of charcoal into the storage 68 and ash into the storage 28.

After cleaning the headland with a jaw bucket 74, the pits are covered with soil and the milling cutter 34 levels the subsoil surface of the soil.

Between the cleared headlands for processing the lighthouse with the introduction of ameliorant, a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, for example, the Mizorin or Rhizotorfin strains, strain 425A or Azolene-Zh, and the removal of the forest bush with the disposal of ash and chips, the control panel of the processor 49 s electronic control unit 51 for automatic switching on and off of the drive of the working bodies of the combined unit 4.

The working bodies are deepened: a chopper 6, a bucket 33 of a milling cutter 34, disc openers 81, stands 85, begin to move with the supply of technological materials and perform targeted processing of soil, crushing and pyrolysis of timber, with a bunch of coordinates through a coded GLONAS or GPS receiver 50 from orbital GLONAS ( GPS) transmission network and ECU 51, PC 48 and automatic control panel 49.

Addressing the main processing of degraded lands is carried out with the simultaneous cutting of the roots with the front part of the side walls 54 of the bucket 33 of the router 34 buried through the slots from the vertical knives 9 of the chopper 6 and crimping of greenery, bushes, branches with the front wall 10 of the bucket 8 when cutting into segments up to 0, 15 m and slotting up to 0.08 m deep with 9 soil knives. Vegetable hummocks and tall stems of herbaceous plants are cut with horizontal knives 9 and mulch the soil surface. A chemical ameliorant is introduced from the tank 41 through the product line 44 in the ladle 33 of the milling cutter 34: lime or herbicides, through the product line 29 with slotted nozzles 30 behind the knife 55 under the dump 56, the air ash mixture is added to the bucket body 33 under the cut soil layer, through the product line 31 is fed from the open a shut-off device on the flow divider 46 chips behind the adjusting-movable mill 34, cutting the soil above the design plane and throwing it into the receiving chute of the product pipeline 94 and leveling the dumped soil (components of the fertilizing layer) below the design plane when feeding through the product pipeline 95 from the tank 57, liquid manure or an aqueous solution of nitrogen fertilizers (N ₆₀ ; NPK; NH ₃ ) through the product line 96 from the tank 58 is applied to the surface of the layer of laid chips and covered with a layer of soil coming off the bucket body 33.

Slices of commercial wood trunks with a bucket grab 74 of manipulator 72 are fed into the storage funnel 64 with movement through the combustion chamber 63 into the gas generator 65 for pyrolysis and with subsequent unloading of charcoal into the storage area 68 and ash into the storage area 28. Chips, shavings and sawdust, needles, leaves , bark, chopped knots from the centrifuge 60 through the gas pipeline 62 is fed into the loading mechanism of the combustion chamber 63 to ignite and maintain the heating temperature of the stem sections before batch loading into the gas generator 65. The harvester mechanism 75 of the manipulator 72 feeds the trunks of mature and overmature wood into the swivel in the horizontal plane. -the delimbing equipment 76 for cleaning from bark, knots, cutting an assortment of 4 or 6 m in length, chopping tops and branches in a disco-chopping equipment 71 with a receiving tray. The resulting assortment of timber by the harvester mechanism 75 is placed in the accumulators 89 on the third section of the frame.

From the container 77 connected to the distributor head 78 and the product pipeline 79 fixed on the bracket 80 of the disc opener 81, a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms is introduced into the soil cleared of forest shrubs. From the seed hoppers of sections of pneumatic seeders 82 with metering devices 83 connected to product pipelines 84, fixed in hollow racks 85 with chisels at the end and with openers for the seedbed in the slot behind the disc coulter 81, a row sowing of seeds of grain cover crops is carried out with nozzles 86, and nozzles 87 binary pneumatic sowing of grass mixture seeds between rows, or on the soil surface. Located behind the coulters 85 with a rolling device, which includes a bar roller 88 with a chain harrow, the slots are closed with the incorporation of seeds and the compaction of the soil surface. On the third section of the frame, the trunks of mature and over-mature timber, cleaned in the device 76 from bark and knots, are placed in the placed storage bins 89 with a sorting device according to the diameter of the tree trunks in the form of non-rotating vertical posts 90 and on retractable brackets 91 with the shape of posts having an inclined surface and hinges providing overturning when unloading trunks.

An active intermittent organomineral water-regulating screen with its composition is placed under the dump of the ladle 33 of the milling cutter 34 on arable land and meadows in the subsoil horizon of the soil, vol. %: 25 ... 40 plant residues with nitrogen-fixing associated bacteria - "rhizotorfin", strain 425A or "Azolene-Zh", 10 ... 33 manure that underwent preliminary accelerated aerobic digestion, and 3 ... 9 high moor peat, 15 ... 30 silt, sand, 10 ... 30 clay, or in the boundary layer of soil and soil, an interlayer of organic-mineral biologically active fertilizer mixture (OMBAUS), with its composition, vol. %: 15 ... 32 crushed plant residues with nitrogen-fixing associated bacteria - "mizorin" or "letekhnin", 10 ... 25 humus (compost) and additionally carbonate sapropel with the inclusion of hydrogen peroxide Н ₂ О ₂ , 3 ... 12 powdered montmorillonite with a trace element molybdenum, 15 ... 35 silt, silt, sand, 15 ... 40 clay. A seeder 82 sowing a mixture of seeds with their mechanical embedding device 88. For the period of cultivating the soil for green fodder, sowing tall cover crops in rows, for example, amaranth, corn or wheat, and sowing legumes in the row spacing.

After the completion of the targeted soil cultivation, the working bodies 11, 17, 34, 55, 56, 81, 85 are poured out and the tanks 41, 57, 58, 77 are washed, the hoppers of the sections of pneumatic seeders 82, containers from the technological material are transferred by wheel 5 pairs of section 1 , 2, 3 frames into the transport position, fix the rolling device 88, move the combined unit 4 to the place of storage or maintenance.

Thus, the proposed combined unit for biomelioration of lands with the processing of forest shrubs for the disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds allows you to work on areas of difficult terrain and remove forest shrubs, chop stumps and roots of shrubs, cutting off ripe and over-mature forest with utilization of chips, ash, packing wood coal, sorting and reloading of commercial timber trunks for stacking or onto vehicles without felling it and removing all tree and shrub vegetation while preserving organic matter, humic acids in the soil layer, reduce labor costs and carry out targeted processing of soil soils with savings in applied ameliorants and receive on reclaimed rainfed lands deoxidized soil with a controlled supply of moisture, nutrients and the simultaneous creation of conditions to reduce the capillary rise of groundwater and provides an increase in the productivity of cultivated plants, a reduction in the time of restoration work the effective functioning of degraded meadows and arable land.

Claims (11)

1. Combined unit for biomelioration of land with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds, characterized by the fact that it includes a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame with two wheel pairs with paired wheels installed on each section of the frame, containing on the first section of the frame an installation - a movable frontally placed chopper with a receiving and feeding chute on the body of a bottomless bucket, horizontal and vertical knives on its front wall, a chipping device, including a battery of chipping and sawing discs fixed on the side walls of the bucket with a battery of chipping and sawing discs with a tiered arrangement of knives and a shaft of the chip-thrower with a double-row chip separator installed between them and on the rear wall of the bucket two slotted trapezoidal receivers of the separated mass tapering to the ejector, as well as located on the first section of the frame: a manipulator, a fan, a compressor, a container with a centrifuge and a container including a storage with doses ash burner, gas-product pipeline with nozzles for its introduction into the sub-cover layer of the soil, in addition, knives with an obtuse angle of installation are rigidly fixed to the bottom of the front wall and sides of the bucket, a milling cutter bucket with nozzles for introducing technological material and subsoil leveling of the soil surface, a full-revolving manipulator, including a telescopic boom, at the ends of which a disc-felling mechanism is mounted in the form of a chopping-saw blade and a two-jaw bucket, an operator's cabin with a computer that controls a processor with a coded GLONASS or a GPS-receiver of coordinates and a control panel for automatic switching on and off the drive of working bodies, behind the cabin the operator has a container of fine chemicals with a dispenser, a fan and a product pipeline into the router bucket, contains on the second section of the frame: the engine of the base chassis, a compressor, containers with compartments and a pipeline for cut soil, a pipeline for reserve soil or organomineral components a new fertilizer layer, a container of liquid manure or a solution of nitrogen fertilizers with a pipeline, two cyclones and a centrifuge, a combustion chamber and a gas generator, a transfer mechanism and a charcoal accumulator, a disc-chopping equipment, a manipulator with a telescopic boom and a two-jaw bucket grab and a harvester grabber and cutting equipment, a gripping and delimbing equipment is installed above the grinder, on the third section of the frame there are: a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, accumulators of timber trunks, as well as pneumatic seeders with dispensers, hollow racks and nozzles for pneumatic seed seeding, behind the racks of the openers there is a rolling device. 2. Combined unit for biomelioration of lands with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes on the first section of the frame a front-mounted boom with a system of hydraulic cylinders of an installation-movable transfer of a grinder with a chipper into a working and transport position, on its bottomless bucket there is a fixed swivel chute with a receiving and feeding mechanism, a wood chip thrower and on the hinged rear wall of the bucket two slotted trapezoidal wood chip receivers tapering to the ejector, pneumatic product pipelines. 3. Combined unit for biomelioration of land with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes on the first section of the frame a bottomless bucket with an installation-movable mill of subsoil leveling of the soil surface, nozzles for introducing technological distribution material in the boundary layer of soil and soil of the layer of organic-mineral biologically active fertilizer mixture, with its composition, vol. %: 15 ... 32 - crushed plant residues with nitrogen-fixing associated bacteria - "mizorin" or "lentekhnin"; 10 ... 25 - humus and additionally carbonate sapropel with the inclusion of hydrogen peroxide Н ₂ О ₂ , 3 ... 12 - powdered montmorillonite with a microelement molybdenum, 15 ... 35 - silt, aleurite, sand; 15 ... 40 - clay. 4. Combined unit for biomelioration of lands with processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes on the first section of the frame an operator's cabin on guides with the possibility of longitudinal and transverse movement in a horizontal plane and contains a system of navigation equipment from a computer, a control processor with a code GLONASS or a GPS-receiver of coordinates and a control panel with an electronic control unit for automatic switching on and off of the drive of the working bodies of the combined unit, under the operator's cabin it is possible to install a measurement control unit, collection and conversion of measurement information associated with sensors embedded in into the front part of the side walls of the router bucket to the horizontal knife and its blade, while they can be placed on two side walls and are connected by cables to the control unit and processing of agrotechnological characteristics of the soil and boundary soil layer with the transfer of processed information to the computer screen in the operator's cabin with proposals for adjusting the rates of application of technological material for making a decision in the dialog box. 5. Combined unit for biomelioration of land with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes, on the first section of the frame behind the operator's cab, a container of fine chemicals with a dispenser, a fan and a product pipeline into the milling cutter's bucket for deoxidizing the soil and in front of the operator's cabin, connected to the combustion chamber, a container with a centrifuge and a container including a storage tank with an ash dispenser, a compressor for pressurized ash supply through a gas product pipeline, with nozzles under the knife and a blade in front of the surface of the bottomless cutter bucket under the cut soil layer for enrichment with ash and gas of the undercover layer soil. 6. Combined unit for biomelioration of lands with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes on the first section of the frame a full-turn manipulator with a telescopic boom, at one end of which is mounted a handle with a disc-felling mechanism for chopping stumps, cleaning the trunks of shrubs and fungi from tops, branches, cutting into sections of trunks without felling them, and the other end of the handle with a two-jaw bucket for picking up and moving sections of trunks, cut tops and large branches to the receiving chute of the chipper. 7. Combined unit for biomelioration of lands with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a compressor on the second section of the frame, containers with compartments and a pipeline for cut soil, a pipeline for reserve soil or organic-mineral components a fertilizer layer, a pipeline from a liquid manure tank or a solution of nitrogen fertilizers, a container with a storage tank for finely ground plant mass with a cyclone for centrifugal drying in two cyclones, followed by feeding into a centrifuge through a flow divider and unloading into an ejector, which forms a pressure gas shell with engine exhaust gases in the product pipeline connected to the combustion chamber through a storage funnel with feeding from it by the mechanism of portion loading of thick sections of wood trunks for heating with transfer to a gas generator, including a system for taking the obtained biogas, as well as feeding it into the combustion chamber. 8. Combined unit for land biomelioration with the processing of forest shrubs for the disposal of chips, wood ash and overseeding of seeds according to PP. 1 and 7, characterized in that it includes on the second section of the frame a gas generator with a mechanism for portionwise transfer of the obtained charcoal into a storage device and includes a mechanism for unloading with filling or feeding through a product pipeline into vehicles. 9. Combined unit for biomelioration of lands with processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes on the second section of the frame an additional manipulator with a telescopic boom at one end with a handle on which a two-jaw bucket grab and at the other end - with a handle with a harvester mechanism for gripping, cutting and feeding of trunks to the gripping and delimbing equipment with an independent drive, which is rotated in the horizontal plane, which is installed above the chopper with a receiving chute. 10. Combined unit for biomelioration of lands with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes on the third section of the frame a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms connected to a product pipeline fixed on the bracket of a disc opener, as well as there are seed hoppers for pneumatic seeders with metering units connected to product pipelines fixed in hollow racks with chisels at the end and with openers for the seed bed and nozzles for row sowing of seeds of grain cover crops, nozzles for binary pneumatic seeding of grass seed mixture between rows or on the soil surface, in addition , the rolling device includes a bar roller with a chain harrow, accumulators of trunks of mature and overmature timber with a sorting device according to the diameter of tree trunks, containing non-rotating vertical posts and on retractable brackets of posts with an inclined surface and hinges for tipping when unloading trunks. 11. Combined unit for biomelioration of land with the processing of forest shrubs for disposal of chips, wood ash and over-sowing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that on each section of the frame, the wheelsets are equipped with rotary telescopic brackets with hydraulic drives and for greater cross-country ability and stability, the wheelsets can be made doubled, i.e. consisting of four wheels, and the support-traction wheel pairs can be additionally equipped with quick-mounted rubber-metal tracks.

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