RU2684304C2 - Shredder for branches and stems of annual crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Shredder for branches and stems of annual crops includes frame 1, automatic coupler 3, reducer 4 with belt transmission 5, support wheels 11 and 19, pickup 16 with fingers, shredder drum with hammers 14, housing 10 and blade holders 12 with shearing knives 13. Also, the shredder includes slide bearings, spring-loaded shearing knife 6 with an axis of rotation, front pickup 18 with rubber fingers and counter shearing knives 15. Front pickup 18 with rubber fingers is connected by chain belt 17 with pickup 16 with rubber fingers. Hammers 14 of the shredder are L-shaped. Front pickup 18, chain belt 7 and pickup 16 can be dismantled.EFFECT: shredder for cutting branches and stems of annual crops provides a high intensity of grinding.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and is intended for grinding grapevines and stems of annual crops, corn, sunflower, cotton, etc.

The main requirements include working both in the rows of vineyards (along the length of the rut), and the gardens of pome and stone fruits by aggregating the device with tractors of class. traction 14 and 20 kN.

The analogues of the proposed device are well-known machine designs - choppers of various grades, including a shredder for grapevine cuttings of the grade "IV-1.5" developed by the National Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" (adopted as a prototype), and "Pick-up chopper with drum picker "PLV-1"; "Machine for chopping vines" according to A.S. USSR No. 719546 cells A01D 49/00, 1977; Rotary Mower - chopper of the KPH 2.1 brand; the mower - a grinder rotational the KIR-1,5 B brand and the mower - a grinder a loader KUF - 1,8.

As a prototype is taken - a shredder of grapevine cuttings of the brand "IV-1.5", designed to collect, chop and scatter the chopped mass in the rows of vineyards (as fertilizer) with a width of at least 2.5 m

Significant disadvantages of the prototype include, firstly, the complexity and cumbersome design of the device, which requires the use of an additional hydraulic motor driven by the tractor hydraulic system, that is, an additional overload of its hydraulic drive system, and secondly, the factor that occurs during the supply of vine grape cuttings to the drums (8) the impact shredder when interacting with rectangular hammers (3) and, thirdly, the prototype design is not suitable for high-quality grinding Nia stem cuttings in the form of mulch, sod between rows when required and used annual crops (alfalfa, sainfoin, et al.).

Thus, in contrast to the prototype, to simplify the design and expand the operational performance of the proposed device, they simultaneously implement two necessary chopping options - initially the branches of the stems of the vine and then the stems planted in the rows of annual crops (alfalfa, sainfoin, corn, etc.), which allows to improve the design of the device and the technology of chopping branches and stems planted in the aisles of the garden of annual crops for subsequent use niya them as fertilizers in the form of mulch.

The aim of the invention is to expand operational indicators, simplifying the design and increasing the intensity of grinding of vine cuttings and stems of alfalfa, sainfoin, corn and other annual crops planted between rows to be used as fertilizer in the form of a mulching layer on the soil surface.

To achieve this goal, the design of the device is used in two versions, corresponding to the implementation of a specific technological process, namely: in the first case, in the option of grinding the grapevine scraps (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and in the second version for cutting and grinding along the entire row spacing masses of previously sown and formed stems of annual crops-alfalfa, sainfoin, corn, etc. (Fig. 3).

In FIG. 1. shows a design diagram of a device for grinding branch cuts along the entire width of the aisle of vineyards, side view:

In FIG. 2. - same, top view;

In FIG. 3. - structural diagram of a device for cutting and grinding stems of annual crops over the entire row spacing, mulch, side view.

The design of the device for grinding grapevine scraps includes a support frame (1), a belt drive (2), an automatic coupler (3) to a tractor, a gearbox (4) with a belt drive (5), a spring-loaded counter (6) with an axis of rotation (7) and a spring (8) connected with an arm (9), a shredder drum casing (10), rear adjustable support wheels (11) along the longitudinal axes of the knife holders (12), a counter knife (13), “Г” -shaped hammers (14 ), counter counter (15), pick-up with rubber fingers (16), chain transmission (17) (to prevent the possibility of plugs ovki), front baler (18), front support wheels (19), bearings (20) of FIG. 1. and FIG. 2.), and the stems of annual plants (21) (Fig. 3).

The design of the device for the chopping of grapevines and stems of annual crops is towed to the tractor and with a triangular hitch (3) vertically located in front and on the lower base connected to a horizontally located frame (1) on which a gearbox (4) is mounted by means of a belt drive (2) ) with a belt drive (5), as well as a spring-loaded counter (6) with the axis of rotation (7) and a tension (tension) spring (8), connected (fixed) with a vertically located bracket (9) and the drum casing (10) of the chopper, moreover, on the longitudinal extreme bars at the rear, on the left and on the left of the frame 1, support-adjusting wheels (with vertical raising and lowering) wheels (11) are installed, and between them fixed longitudinal axial (with 12 axes) holders (13) and "G" -shaped hammers (14) a chopper for pruning branches and stems of annual plants, as well as counter-contradictions frontally located with an angle of inclination to the vertical (15), then a picker for pruning grape branches (16) with rubber fingers, a chain gear (17), a front picker (18), front support wheels (19), (Fig. 1. and FIG. 2).

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that, unlike the prototype (Fig. 1. and Fig. 2), the design for the option of grinding the stems of plants of annual crops of alfalfa, sainfoin, etc. excludes the unnecessary node of the branch trimmer (16) with a chain transmission (17) and rubber fingers (18), as can be seen in the diagram of FIG. 3.

Thus, in contrast to the prototype, the proposed device for grinding vine cuttings and stems of annual crops between rows of vineyard plantings will improve the production line by increasing its operational performance, completeness of selection of vine cuttings and the remains of mowed grass of annual crops in the near-stem vineyard row spacings due to the ability to work as in the variant of grinding scraps of vineyards, and in the variant of complete grinding of the stems of seedlings of annual crops.

The technological process of the chopper in the first case for the selection and grinding of the vineyard branches scraps (Fig. 1. and Fig. 2) is carried out by a sequential operation using the belt drive 2 mounted on the frame 1 and three point linkage (3) to the tractor and with a double drive from the gearbox (4) by means of a belt drive (5), as well as intermediate units with a spring-loaded counter (6), with an axis of rotation (7) and a tension spring (8) with a bracket (9) vertically and frontally at an angle, connected to the casing ohms of the chopper drum (10) with the rear support wheels (11) of raising and lowering and fixed to the frame along the longitudinal axes (12) of the horizontal knife holders (13), which, in contact with the rotating hammers (14) together with the contradictions (15) contribute to active grinding pruning of branches in the process of feeding rubber pickups (16) and (18) with rubber fingers connected to each other by a chain transmission (17) from a gearbox (4) located on top of the frame (1) by means of a belt drive (2).

In the second case, in the variant of grinding seedlings of the stems of annual crops in the rows of the vineyards, the pick-up unit (16) and (18) with the chain drive (17) is dismantled, i.e. being removed is superfluous and in the process of working with forward movement in the paddock, the shoots of annual crops are cut off by counter contradictions (15), as can be seen in FIG. 3.

That is, together with hammers (14) in the process of active rotation, “from bottom to top” are fed into the internal cavity of the drum (10) of the grinder with contradictions (13) and “G” -shaped hammers (14), where they are crushed together with oncoming contradictions (13 ) over the entire width of the chopper stems of annual crops.

Thus, the essential distinguishing features of the proposed device is, firstly, the expansion of operational indicators of the proposed design and, secondly, the refusal to use a hydraulic drive (i.e. loading the tractor hydraulic system).

Claims (1)

Chopper for trimming branches and stems of annual crops, including a frame, an automatic coupler, a gearbox with a belt drive, a chopper drum with hammers and a casing, knife holders with contradictions, support wheels and a pick-up with fingers, characterized in that it is equipped with sliding bearings, spring-loaded counter-axle rotation, counter-contradictions and a front pick-up (18) with rubber fingers, and the front (18) pick-up with rubber fingers is connected by a chain drive to the pick-up (16) with rubber fingers, and the hammers olneny L-shaped, wherein the front pick-up (18), chain transfer and pick-up (16) mounted removably.

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