RU195545U1 - Combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for tillage in conjunction with harvesting crops in one pass. To increase the efficiency of tillage, a combine harvester containing a header, a straw chopper, spreader, shredder and rear wheels according to the utility model have additional shredders installed in several rows in a checkerboard pattern with the formation of a shearing harrow, behind which single-disc coulters with a vas deferens system are installed in a row, reported nary with a central metering system mounted on the combine, while behind the single-disc coulters installed a loop-working body in the form of a beam with a width equal to the width of the harrow.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for tillage in conjunction with harvesting crops in one pass.

The known technology of harvesting crops with subsequent tillage (K.A. Soht "Machine technology for cultivating crops" Krasnodar, 2001, S. 25 ... 27 and S. 256). According to this technology, the field is mulched with crushed plant residues simultaneously with the harvesting of the precursor. After harvesting the predecessor, the soil is loosened.

The disadvantage of this technology is the fact that the loosening of the soil is carried out with a large gap between the end of the harvest and the beginning of the tillage. So per day from 1 hectare 100 tons of moisture evaporate, which in turn reduces the yield of subsequent crops. In addition, loosening the soil immediately after harvesting on each specific field leads to a sharp simultaneous need for machine operators, which is not only economically impractical, but also practically impossible. In addition, the separate implementation of the operations of cleaning and loosening the soil leads to increased soil compaction, labor and fuel costs.

A combined device for a combine harvester for loosening the soil and covering loosened soil with shredded straw (see RF patent No. 43431, A01D 43/00 (2005.03)) comprising a trailer, a implement frame on lifting wheels with needle-disk batteries, a straw chopper-spreader, batteries is known needle discs installed in one row and a protective cowl-fairing.

Also known is the RF patent for utility model No. 127280 "Combine Harvester", taken by the authors for the prototype containing a header, a straw chopper, spreader, on the header or in the interval from the header to the chopper, a cutter mounted on a combine for harvesting cereal crops with simultaneous tillage.

A significant disadvantage of the known technical solutions is:

- reduction of technical and economic indicators of combine harvesters in view of the use of energy-intensive tools, for example, disk harrows, the width of which is equal to the width of the header of the combine harvester;

- a decrease in the utilization factor of shift time due to an increase in the loss of time for turns, inconvenience in operation and a decrease in technical and technological reliability;

- seeding of seeds of weed plants to an excessively large depth, due to which it is impossible to obtain more complete, early and friendly seedlings of weeds for their subsequent destruction by mechanical treatments or herbicides;

- poor-quality operation of the units in view of the non-coincidence of agrotechnical requirements, so cleaning is performed at a speed of 4-6 km / h, and disking is 8-12 km / h.

The above drawbacks are due to the fact that when working the soil with light disk cultivators, the working bodies - the discs do not cut through the layer, even chopped straw, scattered by the combine, as a result of which the soil is not processed to the required depth. Due to the insufficient depth of tillage, the concentration of crushed straw in the treated soil layer is increased, weed seeds lose contact with the soil and do not germinate for a long time, and most of them are preserved for a long time - until the next tillage and precipitation. When treating the soil with heavy disk harrows at the recommended tillage depth for them (at least 10 cm), the weed seeds fall to an excessively large depth for them and are not able to subsequently give friendly seedlings, as a result of which the possibility of their destruction in one treatment with herbicides is lost or soil tillage for surface tillage. When trying to till the soil with disc harrows to the recommended depth (4 ... 5 cm), only small strips of soil are processed due to the large distance between the tracks of the disks, mixing the soil in these strips with an excessively large volume of chopped straw. Therefore, in these strips, weed seeds lose contact with the soil, and in untreated strips, weed seeds are not embedded in the soil at all, and as a result, the seedling dynamics decreases. It should also be noted that when cultivating the soil after harvesting cereal crops with simultaneous chopping of straw, the field is again exposed and withered by wind and the absence of shadowing of the field surface, and the operation of such aggregates is not convenient in view of their large kinematic length.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of tillage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the combine harvester containing the header, the straw chopper, spreader, tiller and rear wheels according to the utility model has additional tines mounted in several rows in a checkerboard pattern with the formation of a tine harrow, behind which are mounted single row openers with a seed tube system with a central metering system installed on the combine, while a single-working opener is equipped with a loop working body in the form of a bar with a width equal to the width not shtrigelnoy harrows.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of a combine harvester.

The combine harvester contains a header 1, a straw chopper-spreader 2, a shredder 3 and rear wheels 4. The combine harvester has additional shredders mounted in several rows in a checkerboard pattern with the formation of a shredder, behind which are mounted single row openers 5 with a seed tube system 6, communicated with the central metering system 7 mounted on the combine. Behind the single-disc openers 5, a plume-working body is installed in the form of a beam 8 with a width equal to the width of the harrow.

Combine harvester operates as follows.

When the combine harvester 1 cuts the grain mass, threshes and feeds it for processing. The harrow 3 harrows the soil to a depth of 3 ... 4 cm, and sowing machines with single-disc coulters 5 with a central metering system 7 powered by the on-board combine system sow the seed, and then the chopper-spreader 2 covers the freshly treated soil with chopped straw. Such a soil treatment allows you to save residual moisture in the soil and the moisture of precipitation, to seed up the material to the required depth, which subsequently, when the necessary phase of their development is reached, can be easily used for subsequent mowing by animals or tinning the fields.

It is known that in order to obtain friendly seedlings of small weed seeds, it is necessary to plant them to a depth of 2 ... 3 cm, provide them with moisture and create close contact with the soil. This condition can be ensured only when soil is cultivated after mowing on a clean stubble, until the main volume of the non-grain part in the form of chopped straw from the combine grinder is scattered on the soil surface, followed by covering the already treated soil with chopped straw.

At the same time, due to the fact that soil cultivation and sowing of seeds is carried out simultaneously with harvesting, the tillage implement must be lightweight and, especially, low energy consuming. Such indicators of all known tillage implements have only a shearing harrow with the arrangement of teeth in several rows in a checkerboard pattern, which can be easily installed or on the header between the header and the chopper of the combine, and the sowing units can be installed behind the rear wheels of the tractor equal to the width of the header of the combine harvester combine harvester.

It should be noted that the specific resistance of the harrow is less than the resistance of the disk harrow by 5 ... 6 times and is only an average of 50 ... 60 N. At the same time, it is possible to install the harrow directly with sowing machines behind the rear wheels of the combine or separately on an autonomous suspension.

Claims (1)

Combine harvester containing header, straw chopper, spreader, and rear wheels, characterized in that it has additional shredders mounted in several rows in a checkerboard pattern with the formation of a shearing harrow, behind which are mounted single row openers with a seed tube system communicated with the central a metering system installed on the combine, while a coulter-working body is installed behind the coulters in the form of a beam with a width equal to the width of the harrow.

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