RU2453090C1 - Method of minimal tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes post-harvesting tillage, harrowing, cultivation and sowing. Post-harvesting tillage is implemented with disk headers at a rate not less than 16 km/h at an angle of 30-40° to the direction of the forecrop harvesting. Harrowing is carried out with spring harrows at the rate of the device movement not less than 14 km/h at an angle of 30-40° to the direction of processing with the disk headers. Cultivation is carried out with a cultivator equipped with hoes-sweep cultivators and needlelike rotors at a rate not less than 10 km/h at an angle of 30-40° to the direction of harrowing. Sowing is carried out with a seeding-machine of unstriped sowing at an angle of 30-40° to the direction of the cultivator movement, and the post-harvesting treatment, harrowing, cultivation and sowing is carried out at a depth no greater than 8.0 cm.

EFFECT: method enables to improve soil fertility, increase crop yields without the use of mineral fertilisers, herbicides and chemical pesticides, to reduce costs to planting and harvesting, as well as improve the quality of grain.

5 cl, 1 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to technologies for conservation agriculture and can be used in agricultural production for the cultivation of grain, leguminous crops and perennial grasses.

In tillage technologies, traditionally used plowing with deep plowing of the soil to a depth of processing of at least 22 cm with a layer revolution (Agriculture: A textbook for university students on agronomy. Specialties / Ed. By A.I. Puponin. - M .: Kolos, 2002 . - S.138).

The known method of soil cultivation destroys the formed soil capillaries that transport moisture to plants for years, disrupts the natural microbiological composition of the soil, and large blocks and decay furrows remaining after plowing are weathered, frozen and dried, which significantly reduces the amount of moisture and nutrients for plants (System subsurface farming. Maltsev TS M .: Agropromizdat, 1988. - P.88, 89).

Over the past decades, conservation agriculture technologies have been used in many countries, for example, the “zero” tillage technology, which consists in abandoning deep plowing with formation rotation, and tillage is carried out in strips by surface cultivation using powerful aggregates, while sowing seeds and application of mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the distance between the soil strips remains uncultivated. Weeds are destroyed by pesticides (herbicides).

Using "zero" tillage has obvious advantages over deep plowing, because the capillaries formed as a result of the vital activity of earthworms and other organisms and penetrating the uncowed field 1-2 meters deep, as well as the capillaries formed after the roots of perennial plants, remain intact, providing moisture to the root system of cultivated crops. In addition, the top layer containing aerobic microbes at a depth of not more than 12 cm remains in place, which makes it possible for these microbes to convert nutrients in the soil into a form accessible to plants. When plowing, more precisely, during the turnover of the reservoir, the upper layer appears below where there is no access of oxygen, as a result of which these microbes die. At the same time, the known technology is impossible without the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, which negatively affects the quality of the soil and cultivated crops, requires additional material and labor costs.

In the Russian Federation, the technology of "zero tillage" began to be used to increase its fertility in the 30s of the XX century on the collective farm "Testaments of Ilyich" in the Kurgan region according to the method of field crop production by TS Maltsev. The method of "zero tillage" according to the method of Maltsev TS consists in a combination of deep (35-40 cm) non-subsurface tillage once every 4-5 years with surface tillage in other years, with 7-8-9-field crop rotations applied. Sowing grain in rows is carried out by a seeder with disk coulters, and weeds are controlled by herbicides (System of subsurface farming. Maltsev TS M: Agropromizdat, 1988. - S.155-162).

When deep soilless tillage in a known manner capillaries are broken to deliver moisture to the root system of plants from below, which can lead to waterlogging in lowlands, and also requires a significant amount of fuels and lubricants. The main disadvantage is the need to use pesticides to destroy weeds. Another disadvantage is that sowing with disc coulters reduces seed germination by 20%. The decrease in germination is due to the fact that the seeds, when they are sown in rows, lie on top of each other, losing a lot of energy to “struggle” among themselves, including the feeding area. In addition, the disk seeder does not provide uniform and deep seeding to a predetermined depth, since, running into hard lumps, the disk coulters are lifted and the seeds are thrown onto a dry soil surface. These seeds are prone to lack of moisture, while the rest are sown deep into the soil. As a result, sown seeds do not germinate at the same time, forming a “fit”, which takes away nutrients from healthy plants and leads to crop losses during both harvesting and grain processing on dryers.

There is also a method of zero tillage used on the fields of Eco-Development LLC [Aktarokaya Gazeta, No. 58 of 05/28/2008]. For sowing, a sowing complex consisting of a Case tractor, a wide 18-meter seeder and a wide-field cultivator is used. The seeders of the seeder are divided into three parts: two for grain, one for fertilizer, sowing is carried out on stubble. For harvesting, Klaas combine harvesters are used, which simultaneously crush and scatter crushed straw across the field, providing a mulching layer that retains moisture, protects the field from the sun, water, wind erosion and dust storms.

The known method allows for high-quality sowing and harvesting of grain crops without the use of plowing, harrowing and cultivation, but with the obligatory application of mineral fertilizers in the soil. The need for mineral fertilizers prevents the production of environmentally friendly products.

In addition to “zero” soil cultivation, the “minimal” soil cultivation technology is also known, which consists in shallow plowing of the soil by cultivating without turning the formation, and the depth of cultivation is equal to the depth of seed placement.

So, for example, there is a known method of cultivating crops, which consists in direct sowing of seeds in untreated soil in a scattering manner with their seeding to a predetermined depth with the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of mineral fertilizers. Minimum tillage consists in continuous loosening of the soil to the depth of seed placement, rolling over the seed layer of the soil, destroying vegetative weeds, mulching and combing the cut weeds to the surface. Harvesting is carried out by combing ears with simultaneous loosening of the surface layer. In addition, they carry out treatment with herbicides, fungicides and insecticides on vegetative plants [Application for invention RU No. 2002104551, IPC AB 79/02, published on 08.27.2003].

There is also known a method of cultivating crops using minimal tillage. It is carried out by forming a mulching layer on the soil surface and using navigation equipment for differentiated application of fertilizer doses, plant protection products and seeds in different areas. The method is implemented without plowing and harrowing the soil; only minimal or zero surface treatment is performed [Application for invention RU No. 2008105945, IPC A01C 7/00, published on August 27, 2009].

The main disadvantage of the two above methods is the need for mineral fertilizers and pesticides.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of minimal tillage used in the Pugachevskoe HPP in the Penza Region (Belgorod Agromir Magazine, No. 6 (18), 2004. - Materials of A.I.Shugurov's brochure "Technology of Great Opportunities", 2003) .

For minimal tillage, the known method consists in post-harvest soil cultivation, harrowing, cultivation, sowing and harvesting, while post-harvest cultivation is carried out by the cultivator many times to embed straw and crop-root residues into the soil to a depth of 12-14 cm, harrowing is done to cover moisture and weed control, cultivation is carried out repeatedly by the KPE-3.8 cultivator, and the last cultivation is carried out by the KPS-4 cultivator, sowing is carried out by wide-spread AUL-18-05 cultivating seeders with a T-4A tractor. For harvesting use combine harvesters equipped with straw choppers, harvesting with the creation of a mulching layer on the soil surface.

The known method is carried out without plowing, without the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. As fertilizers use only organic, namely green manure - green mass and chopped straw. After sowing winter crops, rolling is not carried out, because the soil is compacted by known technology and this technique is not required. Sowing spring crops is carried out with rolling.

However, this technology also has disadvantages.

Known technology allows you to get environmentally friendly products and increase crop yields by increasing soil fertility, but is insufficient for effective tillage. The equipment used requires repeated repetition of the same operations of harrowing and cultivation, and also does not allow work to be carried out at an increased speed, which not only lengthens the time for soil cultivation, but also leads to an increase in the consumption of fuel and lubricants, increased labor and energy costs.

The task of the invention is to simplify the method of producing environmentally friendly plants of cereals, leguminous crops and perennial grasses while increasing productivity and soil fertility.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the method of minimum tillage includes post-harvest soil cultivation, harrowing, cultivation and sowing, and is characterized in that post-harvest soil treatment is carried out with disks at a speed of at least 16 km / h at an angle of 30-40 ° to the harvesting direction of the predecessor, harrowing is carried out by spring harrows with an aggregate speed of at least 14 km / h at an angle of 30–40 ° to the direction of treatment with disks, cultivation is carried out by a cultivator equipped with flat-cut legs and needle rotors, with a speed of at least 10 km / h at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of harrowing, and sowing is carried out using a continuous seeder at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of movement of the cultivator, while post-harvest processing, harrowing, cultivation and sowing are carried out to a depth no more than 8.0 cm.

To cultivate winter crops, organic fertilizers, such as manure, are additionally added to the steam field in the fall.

To cultivate winter crops in a steam field, an additional cultivation of the steam field is carried out during the summer at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of the previous treatment.

For the cultivation of winter crops and perennial grasses, post-sowing rolling is additionally carried out at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of movement of the seeder.

Post-harvest soil cultivation from under perennial grasses is carried out twice by the drive.

Post-harvest treatment with disks is preferably carried out at a speed of 16-20 km / h. It is at this speed that the necessary force is achieved on crop residues and weeds and fuel consumption is reduced, and the direction of movement of the unit at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of harvesting of the predecessor ensures their effective grinding, mixing with the upper soil layer and leveling the surface. Thus, an even homogeneous mulched layer of high quality is created on the soil surface. When the diskator moves at an angle of 0-30 ° to the direction of the previous treatment, about 35% of weeds take root anew, and at an angle of more than 40 ° clumpiness forms, which complicates the subsequent technological operations and reduces the quality of the mulched layer, in addition, 15-20% of weeds plants take root again.

Harrowing is preferably carried out at a speed of 14-16 km / h and at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of movement of the drive in the fall, since it is at this speed and at such an angle that the existing lumps break and the straw and crop residues that are not covered by drive in the fall are evenly spread.

The cultivation is preferably carried out at a speed of 10-12 km / h, since at a lower processing speed, the revolutions of the needle rotor dropping weeds onto the soil surface are reduced, as a result of which weeds with clipped roots remain in the soil and take root again. Subject to a speed of 10-12 km / h and when the cultivator moves at an angle of 30-40 ° with respect to the previous treatment, the roots of all weeds are cut off and thrown out onto the soil surface, in addition, uniform movement of the aggregate across the field is ensured.

The set of techniques of the claimed method of minimum tillage allows you to get high crop yields with a small amount of equipment and a reduced number of technological operations that contribute to a significant increase in soil fertility without the use of mineral fertilizers, as well as the effective destruction of weeds without the use of herbicides. In addition, the claimed method allows for harvesting to obtain clean grain, i.e. without impurities of seeds of weeds and unripened grains of cultivated crops, because excludes the presence of weeds in crops and the occurrence of “sowing”. This is achieved by effective pre-sowing treatments and the sowing itself, ensuring uniform sowing both in depth and in area, as a result of which only cultivated plants sprouting at the same time that "drown" the growth of weeds occupy the entire sown area.

Comparison of the proposed method with a known one reveals such distinguishing features as post-harvest soil cultivation, harrowing, cultivation and sowing at an angle of 30-40 ° to the previous treatment, as well as the use of more efficient equipment with additional devices at a certain speed mode for a certain processing depth, which provided increased crop yields. Since the totality of the claimed techniques and the declared modes for their implementation is not known from the prior art, there is reason to conclude that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

In the science and practice of agricultural production, methods of minimal soil cultivation in the claimed sequence of operations are known - post-harvest cultivation, harrowing, cultivation and sowing. The proposed method is characterized by the use of a certain type of equipment - discs, spring harrows, cultivators equipped with plow-cutters and needle rotors, continuous seeders, with each operation characterized by certain speed conditions in combination with certain angles of movement of the unit and a certain depth of tillage. The claimed solution is not an optimization solution, because a simple increase in the speed of tillage does not allow to reduce the amount of each operation, while increasing the efficiency of cultivation and soil quality. Each reception performed at a certain speed mode using certain devices is associated with a previous reception, namely it is directly dependent on the direction of the previous processing, because held at a certain angle to the previous treatment. The set of interdependent techniques performed under certain conditions by certain devices form the total effect, expressed in increasing crop yields while simplifying the technology as a whole. Since the result obtained is not obvious to a specialist in the field of agricultural production, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The claimed method can be used in agriculture for the cultivation of grain, leguminous crops, as well as perennial grasses using known devices. The above allows us to conclude that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The inventive method is illustrated by examples of specific performance.

Example 1

A method of minimum tillage for spring crops (barley, wheat), the precursor of which is perennial grasses.

In the autumn, after harvesting the previous crop (perennial grasses of the second year of use), the fields were treated with BDM-6 × 4 discs for 2-3 days. The treatment was carried out at an angle of 30–40 ° to the direction of harvesting of the predecessor to a depth of 5–6 cm. These discs are modernized disc harrows and are additionally equipped with a control device to limit the depth of soil cultivation, which allows you to process the soil at the desired depth. The adjusting device is an adjustable support rod mounted under the hydraulic cylinders of the support wheels. This device allows you to limit the depth of the discator in the soil to 5-6 cm when the disk drives are deployed at 24-26 °, while the specified angle of attack of the working disk of the disk drive according to the instructions for the unit corresponds to a processing depth of at least 14-16 cm. the range of 16-20 km / h, because at such a high speed, the discs cut off the tillering node of the rhizomes of perennial grasses (predecessor), after which perennial grasses are unable to survive. The indicated speed, the angle of attack of the disks providing the required processing depth, as well as the movement directed at an angle of 30-40 ° with respect to the previous processing, provide a uniform high-quality mulched layer due to evenly cut soil and effectively cut crop residues.

Re-treatment with a diskator is carried out after 8-10 days at an angle of 30-40 ° relative to the first treatment, but already to a depth of 7-8 cm. After this treatment, not a single bump of perennial grasses remains on the field. When the speed of the discs is not less than 16 km / h, the speed of the discs reaches 80-100 rpm.

The described method of cultivating the soil with disks, in addition to the above-mentioned increase in the purity and quality of the soil treatment, ensured a reduction in the consumption of fuel and lubricants and an increase in shift production to 50-60 hectares per shift with a value of 30-35 ha per shift established by GOST.

After disking, cultivation is carried out at an angle of 30-40 ° relative to the direction of operation of the disc. The cultivation is carried out by the KPIR-7.2 cultivator, which is a needle-rotary plane-cutter cultivator with a working width of 7.2 m. KPIR-3.6 can also be used. Depth of processing: 6-7 cm. On rigidly mounted racks of cultivators, flat-footed paws with a working width of 40 cm and overlapping paws of 2.5 cm are fixed. The paws are adjusted horizontally to the soil and work at a given depth (6-7 cm). All this makes it possible to cut the roots of weeds 100%.

Weed plants with roots cut by a cultivator paw-plow cutter with lumps of soil are thrown out by rotor needles on the surface of the treated soil. Following the rotor is a skating rink, which crushes the thrown out lumps and packs them. Thus, all weeds appear on the surface of the soil without access to food. After 2-3 days, they dry out and turn into organic fertilizer.

In spring, it is necessary to wait for the onset of physical ripeness of the soil, that is, the state of the soil, in which it is easy to process. You can determine the onset of this period in the old "old-fashioned" way: take a handful of soil, squeeze it into a lump, raise it to the level of the belt and lower it. If a lump crumbles upon impact, it can be processed.

During this period, harrowing was carried out using BGP-18 harrows, which are spring hydroficated harrows with a working width of 18 m. A T-150 K wheeled tractor was used. The harrowing was carried out at a speed of at least 14 km / h at an angle of 30-40 ° relative to the disc in the fall. The depth of cultivation of the soil with the fingers of the harrow is regulated in each field according to agricultural requirements. This is achieved by changing the position of the sector by degrees. Thus, lumps are broken, crop residues and chopped straw, not patched since autumn, are evenly spread across the field. Due to the penetration of spring fingers, small grooves are created that have a beneficial effect on the heating of the upper soil layer, which, in turn, accelerates the germination of weed seeds. After treatment, it takes 6-8 days to germinate the weeds.

When weed emerged, cultivation was carried out at an angle of 30-40 ° relative to the direction of harrowing by the cultivator KPIR-7.2. You can also use KPIR-3,6. Depth of processing: 6-7 cm.

Sowing was carried out with the SSV-3,5 seeder, which is a continuous seeder with a seed diffuser with a working width of 3.5 m. Sowing is carried out without mineral fertilizers. The hitch of two seeders is aggregated by T-150 K. tractors. One seeder - with a tractor MTZ 1220.

The seeder moves at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of movement of the cultivator.

The seeder has opener legs, sowing to the depth and cutting the roots of weeds before putting seeds into the soil. The sowing rate of 6-7 million pieces of germinating grains per 1 ha. The coulter paws are attached to the planter frame using rigid struts. There are seed reflectors on the bottom of the coulters. Seeds from the seed box in the direction of the seeder fall into the vas deferens, after which - onto the reflector-diffuser, which allows them to scatter to the full width of the paw. In other words, each seed lays in the soil separately over the entire width of the seeder to a depth of 7 cm. Due to this, after 3-5 days friendly seedlings of the sown crop appear, evenly occupying the sown area, leaving no room for seedlings of weeds. Thus, the seeder used and its accessories make it possible to place the seeds at the same depth, on solid, moist soil, each seed separately. Due to this, the seeds germinate at the same time at 100%, due to which a “fit” is not formed.

In addition, the seeder has spring fingers that level the soil and comb out the weeds cut by the paws onto the soil surface. The work is completed by a chain adapted behind the seeder, which, moving perpendicular to the seeder, levels the soil.

Spring sowing is not necessary.

It should be noted that a high speed of operations is achieved not only through the use of powerful wheeled tractors, but also due to the alignment of the fields after the previous treatment.

With this technology, spring crops grow evenly, without “planting”, without weeds, which have nowhere to develop, since cultivated plants occupy the entire area. It was also noted that without the “setting” and the presence of weeds, the grain is threshed qualitatively and cleanly, and the drying complexes are less loaded. In addition, with the claimed processing, the ripening of the crop occurs 8-10 days earlier, the threshing quality is improved compared to the technology where sowing is carried out with a disk seeder. It also reduces energy consumption when drying and cleaning grain.

Example 2

Tillage for legumes (peas), the precursor of which are crops.

In the autumn, after harvesting the previous crop (grain crops), the fields were treated for 2-4 days with BMD-6 × 4 discs at an angle of 30–40 ° from the direction of harvesting to a depth of 6–7 cm at a speed of 16–20 km / h.

The treated soil with the obtained mulch layer is not black, but light in color due to straw and crop residues, due to which it reflects the sun well. So, due to the color, as well as the mechanical composition, the mulched layer reduces the evaporation of soil moisture. Thus, the soil retains moisture and a temperature favorable for the germination of weeds, which die under the influence of winter frosts.

In spring, upon the onset of physical ripeness of the soil, harrowing was carried out using the BGP-18 harrows with a T-150K tractor. Harrowing was carried out at a speed of at least 14 km / h at an angle of 30-40 ° relative to the work of the drive in the fall. Depth of processing is 6-8 cm. After processing, for the germination of weeds it takes 6-8 days.

When seedlings emerged, the soil was cultivated with the KPIR-7.2 cultivator at an angle of 30–40 ° relative to the harrowing. The processing depth is 6-7 cm. The unit was moving at a speed of at least 10 km / h.

5-8 days after cultivation, sowing without fertilizers was carried out with the seeders of the CCB-3,5. The seeder moved at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of movement of the cultivator.

Example 3

A method of minimizing the treatment of a steam field for winter crops (winter wheat, winter rye).

In the fall, the field was treated with 6 × 4 PM diskators to a depth of 7-8 cm. At the end of the field work, manure harvested during the summer was brought to the steam field. Solid manure fell out of dump trucks into piles, liquid manure was distributed evenly using special trays on the barrel.

In spring, when physical ripeness of the soil was reached, the manure heaps were leveled with a DT-75 bulldozer, at the front of which a dump was installed, and at the back - an equalizer, which can be used as rails or iron bars. The leveler is attached to the bulldozer using a trailer. The bulldozer, moving across the field, evens out the dunks first with the front dump, then with the rear leveler more efficiently.

Further, harrowing was carried out using a BGP-18 harrow with a T-150K tractor at an angle of 30-40 ° from the direction of operation of the bulldozer at a speed of at least 14 km / h. Manure is ideally spread over the surface of the soil, which contributes to the emergence of weeds for further destruction by the cultivator.

15-20 days after harrowing, cultivation was carried out with the cultivator KPIR-7.2 or KPIR-3.6 at an angle of 30-40 ° of the direction of movement of the harrow at a speed of at least 10 km / h.

During the summer, depending on the weediness of the field, the cultivation was repeated 3-4 times at an angle of 30-40 ° to the previous cultivation.

Sowing started not earlier than September 5th. The seeding rate of 4-5 million germinating grains per 1 ha. Sowing was carried out with the seeder CCV-3.5 to a depth of 6-7 cm at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of movement of the cultivator.

Immediately after sowing, the rollers of the Bulava K3-12,4 were rolled, which level and compact the soil.

In dry 2010, the farm received a yield of winter wheat of 35-37 c / ha, and winter rye of 41-43 c / ha.

Example 4

A method of minimum tillage for perennial grasses (clover, alfalfa, timothy grass, melilot) when growing them "under cover" after legumes.

The cultivation of perennial grasses "under cover" means their joint cultivation with crops until the latter ripen. Cereals are threshed, and perennial grasses continue to grow.

In the autumn, disking was carried out as in Example 1, however, the processing depth was 6-7 cm, and this operation was performed once.

In the spring, harrowing and cultivation was carried out according to example 2.

Sowing crops was carried out according to example 1. However, after the grain seeders launched seeders SZT-5,4, which are grain-seeders with a width of 5.4 m for sowing perennial grasses.

After sowing perennial grasses, it was mandatory to roll the rollers of the Bulava KZ-14 at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of sowing.

Example 5

A method of minimum tillage for perennial grasses (clover, alfalfa, timothy grass, melilot) when growing them in an airless way in pure steam.

In the fall, disking was carried out, and in the spring, alignment with a bulldozer, harrowing and cultivation according to example 3.

Sowing was carried out with the NWT-5.4 seeder. After sowing, the rollers of the Bulava KZ-12.4 were rolled at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of sowing.

In 2010, the perennial grass yields on the farm amounted to 120-180 kg / ha of green mass, which provided farm animals with high-quality roughage of I-II classes.

The inventive method of tillage tested in the State Unitary Enterprise "State Farm" Sukholozhsky ".

In 2010, which was characterized by a dry summer that was not typical of the Ural region, in most fields of the Sukholozhsky state farm, grain yield of spring crops of 27-32 c / ha was obtained. Whereas in the Sverdlovsk region, where most farms use traditional plow cultivation, mineral fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, the average grain yield of spring crops in the same year amounted to 18.4 c / ha.

Comparative data are presented in Table 1.

When processing the inventive method, the yield of peas at the farm "Sukholozhsky" amounted to 23-27 kg / ha, clover and alfalfa - 120-180 kg / ha of green mass. The cost of grain decreased from 4.4 rubles / kg to 3.9 rubles / kg. In 2010, 34 l / ha of diesel fuel was spent on all work (according to old technology with plows - 66-72 l / ha). They saved money on the purchase of mineral fertilizers, on the purchase of fuels and lubricants, and reduced the number of machine operators by 40%. Sowing was completed in 20 working days (instead of 30-34 days).

Table 1 Comparison of the yield of spring grain crops obtained in 2010 by the claimed method and the prototype method and average yields in the respective regions Region (mainly arable land cultivation method) The average yield of spring grain, kg / ha Farm (minimum method of tillage) Yield obtained on the farm, t / ha Yield increase,% Ural federal district: 14.9 * The claimed decision of the State Farm "Sukholozhsky" (Ural Federal District) 32 115 Sverdlovsk region. - 18.4 kg / ha Tyumen region - 18.0 Kurgan region - 8.3 Volga Federal District: 12.8 * Prototype TNV "Pugachevskoye" (Volga Federal District) 22 72 Perm Territory - 13.9 Udmurtia - 11.9 Penza region - 12.7 * - average value among regions

Claims (5)

1. The method of minimum tillage includes post-harvest soil cultivation, harrowing, cultivation and sowing, characterized in that the post-harvest soil treatment is carried out with discs at a speed of at least 16 km / h at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of harvesting of the predecessor, harrowing is carried out by spring harrows with the speed of the unit is not less than 14 km / h at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of treatment with the discs, cultivation is carried out by a cultivator equipped with flat-cut legs and needle rotors, with a speed of at least 10 km / h at an angle om 30-40 ° to the direction harrowing, sowing and are continuous via seed drills at an angle 30-40 ° to the direction of movement of the cultivator, wherein the post-harvest processing, harrowing, sowing and cultivation is carried out to a depth of no more than 8.0 cm. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the cultivation of winter crops in the fall, in the fall, organic fertilizers are added additionally, for example, manure. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they carry out additional cultivation in a steam field during the summer to cultivate winter crops at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of the previous treatment. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the cultivation of winter crops and perennial grasses, post-sowing rolling is additionally carried out at an angle of 30-40 ° to the direction of sowing. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the post-harvest tillage from under perennial grasses is carried out twice by the discs.