RU2566637C1 - Method of straw fallowing in fallow rotation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises spring tillage. And in autumn on the pre-fallow field under the combed haulm stand of grain cultures the soil is loosened by 0.1-0.12 m while band deepening by 0.2-0.25 m, in spring when the soil physical maturity the combed haulm stand is compacted. The appeared sprouted weeds are destroyed with small flat-cut treatments. By the end of fallowing the mulching of soil is carried out with destroyed straw by the annular modular harrow Lider-BKM-3.6.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the yield of grain crops by improving moisture supply to plants, effective soil fertility, and provides protection of pure fallow against erosion.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in clean pairs of grain-crop crop rotation in order to increase moisture reserves and protect the soil from erosion.

There is a known method of employed steam (Agriculture 1991. Textbooks for students of higher educational institutions p. 169). In the first or second half of the growing season, an early ripe crop is grown, harvested for livestock feed or for plowing in the soil as an organic fertilizer. Disadvantages: low effect of weed control, steam harvesting crop dramatically reduces the soil moisture and available nutrients. This leads to a decrease in crop yields sown on a busy couple.

There is a method of preparing green manure in a two-field crop rotation in areas with insufficient moisture (Patent for the invention No. 2263430, priority 02 October 2003). The method is used in a two-field crop rotation. In a steam field, a culture with coarse-grained seeds is applied, which are sown on stubble to a depth of 0.08 m, the green mass is cut and left on the field surface as a soil-protective and moisture-saving agent (Prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is, as in other occupied pairs, significant losses of soil moisture and nutrients, which reduces the yield of crops sown on this pair.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of crops by improving the moisture supply of plants, increasing the effective fertility of the soil and protect clean fumes from erosion.

The goal is achieved in two stages. In autumn, under the combed stalk of ears of crops, shallow cutting to a depth of 0.1-0.12 m is carried out, with simultaneous strip deepening to a depth of 0.20-0.25 m, a flat-cutting treatment (Fig. 1). In the spring, at the stage of physical ripeness of the soil, the straw stem is rolled up by the ZKK-6 skating rink, as weeds appear, they are destroyed by small flat-cutting pruning, and finally mulching the soil with destroyed straw ring-shaped harrow (Leader - BKM-3.6) (see Appendix) , (Fig. 2).

Justification of the advantages of the method. In the steppe and southern forest-steppe of Russia, 30-50% of soil moisture is not enough to realize the biological potential of ears of crops, which creates instability of crops and their systematic shortage. The steam field erodes, therefore it needs protection.

The principle of combing ears of wheat, for example, wheat, having a number of energy, technical, organizational, economic and economic advantages, is increasingly being mastered in Russia, as well as in countries near and far abroad (Shabanov P.A., Shabanov N.P. “Cleaning with on the vine ”(Weekly newspaper“ Agromir ”, problems and solutions, No. 16“ 139 April 27, 2004). Combed stalk is a powerful snow accumulator, which improves the moisture supply of plants.

In the warm fallow season, combed straw is rolled in a roller to speed destruction. Under the influence of soil cultivation and microbiological processes, it loses its mechanical strength. This is equivalent to energy-intensive comminution.

High humidity under the straw activates the germination of weeds, enhancing the effect of combating them, increases the accumulation of available nutrients in the soil, which is less evident in occupied, green manure and other pairs. Combed straw protects the steam field from erosion.

Combed with sebest, accumulating more snow (water), it provides full and deep soil moisture recharge due to the autumn economic strip two-layer soil cultivation performed by the PRG - 3 or PRG - 5.4 tillage implement or PR-4 plane cutter (“Minimization of deep and shallow main tillage) ". Siberian Journal of Agricultural Science No. 1, 2011, p. 11-16). Shallow processing with a strip recess is especially effective in sloping agriculture, preventing water erosion of the soil.

The problem of autumn tillage is sharply complicated due to the large unmilled straw mass reaching 5-6 t / ha. Existing technical facilities in Russia, in addition to the plane cutter, do not allow to qualitatively perform this task. Plows, cultivators, cultivators and other implements, due to the small distance between the working bodies, unload the straw. Only plane cutters with a distance between racks of lancet paws of 1 meter provide straw passage and high quality loosening. Thus, the combination of combed stalk with autumnal flat-bottom tillage of various depths, shallow steam tillage with the effect of biological destruction of straw and the accumulation of moisture reserves, nutrients in the soil in the claimed method ensures the achievement of a new physical, mechanical and biological result indicated for the purpose of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig. 1 PR-4

PR-4 - plane cutter - cultivator with a strip recess, working capture of 4 meters includes:

1 - paw-deepener (with a strip recess of 0.2-0.25 m);

2 - plane-cut paw (loosening is carried out to a depth of 0.1-0.12 m);

3 - rack;

4 - frame cutter.

The figure shows a combable stalk - 5.

Figure 2. ZKK-6

ZKK-6 skating rink - a ring skating rink, a working capture of 6 meters.

Includes: 1 - frame of the roller, 2 - ring roller.

The picture shows a combed stalk - 3.

Fig 3. PR-4

PR-4 - plane cutter - cultivator with a strip recess, working capture of 4 meters includes:

1 - flat-cut paw;

2 - a rack;

3 - plane cutter frame.

The picture shows a combed stalk - 4.

Claims (1)

The method of straw fallow in grain-crop rotation, including spring tillage, characterized in that in the autumn in a pre-steam field under a combed stalk of ears, the soil is loosened by 0.1-0.12 m with simultaneous strip deepening by 0.2-0.25 m, in spring, with physical ripeness of the soil, the combed-out stalk is rolled up, and the sprouted weeds that are emerging are destroyed by small flat-cutting cultivations; by the end of fallowing, the soil is mulched with the destroyed leader ring leader harrow BKM-3.6.

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