SU952124A1 - Method of cultivating rice on salined soils - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD FOR CULTIVATING RISES ON SALTED

SOILS

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to the technology of rice cultivation on saline soils, common in most domestic zones of rice, and can be used in the cultivation of other crops of irrigated agriculture.

There is a known method of cultivating and harvesting rice, including various systems of crop rotation. The correct alternation of crops in crop rotation, together with agrotechnical and ameliorative methods, accelerates the cultivation of land, mobilizes their fertility and increases rice yield while reducing costs and funds per unit of production. The main crop in crop rotation, in all zones of rice, is rice, but crops — precursors of rice, which include alfalfa, clover, fodder legumes, etc. — are also important. The main tillage for grass consists of zlevoho plowing with a full turn of the reservoir, compulsory autumn tillage with leveling bi bi. Sowing alfalfa seeds in prepared soil is carried out in early spring or summer with norm-high alfalfa seeds 20-25 kg / ha and the dose of mineral fertilizers .PQO kg / ha active ingredient (d, c) NPK. A good herbage of perennial herbs has a positive effect on the water-physical properties of the soil, and reduces the degree of salinity of groundwater 1.

The main disadvantage of this method is the need to take into account the melioration of rice paddy fields) on the system and the implementation of measures to remove water residues from the surface of checks, the need for high-quality drying, which is associated not only with increased human labor costs and material and technical resources but also results in the failure of these

20 measures to reduce rice yield by 6-lt%.

The closest to the proposed method is the cultivation of rice.

25 using as a precursor of alfalfa by embedding the organic mass of a layer of alfalfa, planted in summer, in spring, before sowing rice, processing alfalfa crops

30 milling tools and discs with harrows to a depth of 5–10 cm and subsequent sowing of rice, for example, consistent sowing, tractor seeding, with a depth of 15 cm and a seed embedding depth of 1.5–5 2 cm 2. The disadvantage of this method is that mechanical treatment of the alfalfa stratum leads not only to damage of alfalfa plants, turning the roots to the soil surface and, consequently, reducing the supply of organic nutrients in the soil, but also n malicious sorn - sabi in the upper sl oi soils, where they actively germinate and litter rice crops. The purpose of the invention is to increase the level of rice. The goal is achieved by the fact that the sowing of rice seeds produced in the stubble of alfalfa of three years old after its first cutting on the soil with undisturbed arable layer and application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N - 40-50 kg / ha, P - 60-80 kg / g K - 45-60 kg / ha in AD, and check flooding is performed first after sowing rice seeds with a layer of water of 5-7 cm, which is discharged after embedding seeds and getting dried, and then at the age of rice 2 –3 whether it is a layer of water of 10–12 cm, which is maintained before the vegetation phase, beginning with wax ripeness; checks with a speed of 1.5-2.0 cm per day until the checks are fully traded. In addition, rice was sown at a seed rate of 210,250 kg / ha. The method is carried out as follows. Rice was sown according to the proposed method at the state farm Ch Noerkovsky of the Slav region of the Krasnodar Krai 1979-1980. on experienced cases on an area of 2.5 hectares. Baseline: duplicate checks - twofold. The area of the plot is 0.4 ha. Cultivated rice variety Krasnodar 424, cultivated alfalfa cultivar - Slav Nska, local After building the irrigation system, sowing alfalfa was sown on the prepared soil of the cheeks, in the spring in the second half of February, at a seed rate of 20 kg / ha and planting seeds to depth 1-3 cm. After the first mowing of alfalfa in the first year of life, after 3-5 days, the mole drainage system was cut at a depth of 35–40 cm, with a distance between drains of 1–1.1 m, perpendicular to the sprinkler and dumping. Along the perimeter of the checks, water-distributing grooves with a depth of 0.5–0.6 m were cut at the same time. Alfalfa was watered immediately after cutting the mole drains, maintaining soil moisture during the entire vegetation period within 75-85% of the PPV. During the growing season, 3 one-year-old alfalfa cuttings and 5 mowings on alfalfa of 2 years of age were carried out, and then in spring, after the first alfalfa cutting, 3-year-old, they sowed rice in alfalfa stubble, on a soil with undisturbed arable layer, at a seed rate of 220-250 kg / hectares and at the same time flooded crops with a layer of water of 5-7 cm with subsequent discharge of water from checks after sticking seeds. Before sowing rice, they released mineral fertilizers in green doses in doses of 40-5a kg / ha, phosphorous 60-80 kg / ha, potassium - 45-60 kg / ha d, c. After sprouting, at the age of rice 2-3 leaves, a constant layer of water of 10-12 cm was created, which decreased due to natural evaporation and t, p. losses and reached in the tillering stage 5-6 cm. In this phase of rice growing season, it was supplemented with nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 2030 kg / ha a.v. In the rice growing season, the onset of wax ripeness stopped the water supply and began to gradually discharge the water from checks at a speed of 1.5 cm per day until the checks were completely drained, and then they started to harvest rice. After the rice was harvested and the straw was removed from the checks, autumn soil harvesting and preparation for spring sowing was done. At this technological cycle is completed. Comparative indicators of the effectiveness of the known and proposed methods are given in the table.

The advantages of the proposed method are the lack of use of anti-elacic herbicides, since weeds are easily destroyed with multiple precursor mows, enriching the upper soil layers with fresh organic nutrients, easily absorbed by rice plants, more stable providing rice with nutrients, since the alfalfa biomass is consumed by plants rice gradually, throughout the growing season, increasing the field, the germination of rice seeds due to their better heating and ensuring stumble air and a significant reduction in the cost of human labor and material resources tehn1.gcheskih.

The annual economic effect from the use of the proposed method is determined by the method of determining economic efficiency in agriculture.

According to the source data given in the example, the invention provides an increase in rice yields by 9 centners per hectare. According to the actual data of the Chernoerovsky State Farm, an additional 150 centners were obtained per hectare of green mass of alfalfa of the first cut. The total annual economic effect of increasing the yield of rice and obtaining green mass of alfalfa is about 372 rubles / ha.

Claims (2)

Invention Formula 1, A method of cultivating rice on saline soils, including pre-cultivating alfalfa and watering it through the mole drainage system, subsequent sowing of pickled rice seeds and flooding its checks, which is different from hem, which, in order to increase rice yield, sowing rice seeds is produced three-year-old alfalfa stubble after its first cutting on soil with undisturbed arable layer and application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N-40-50 kg / ha, P-60-80 kg / ha, K - 45-60kg / ha for the active substance, and checks are flooded at the beginning after the seed axis of the rice with a layer of water of 5-7 cm, which is discharged after the seeds are sticking and sprouting, and then at the age of rice 2-3 leaves - a layer of water of 10-12 cm, which is maintained before the vegetation phase, the onset of waxy ripeness, after then they drop the water from the checks at a speed of 1.5-2.0 cm per day until the checks are completely drained. 2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the sowing of rice is carried out at a seed rate of 210,250 kg / ha. Information sources, taken into account during the examination 1. Shchashchenko V.F., Nesterenko V.T. Alfalfa and intermediate crops in rice crop rotations. Krasnodar, Krasnodar book publishing house, 1980. s.Z. 2. Aleshin E.P. et al. Methodological guidelines for rice cultivation technology. M., Kolos 1979.0.37-38 and 42-45 (prototype.