RU2374808C1 - Method for cultivation of perennial meadow grasses, mainly devil's grass, on estuaries of caspian plain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in method main treatment of soil is carried out without bed turnover for the depth of 0.12-0.15 m, preplant treatment of upper layer by bed milling for the depth of 0.08-0.12 m, area surface is smoothened, mineral fertilisers are superficially introduced - N₃₀P₆₀K₆₀ in kg d.v./ha. Chemical substances are introduced to fight weed plants, devil's grass seeds are sown to the depth of 0.02-0.03 m with norm of (3.0-3.5)×10⁶ pieces of germinable seeds/ha. Pre- and post-planting smoothening is carried out, as well as additional fertilising in the next year in frozen-thawed soil with nitrogen fertiliser with norm of 30-40 kg d.v./ha. Stubble is combed out, upper soil layer is mulched. Area is flooded with flood water with norm of 2000-2500 m³/ha, weed plants are removed by mowing of crop at cutting height of 0.10-0.15 m, at cut height of 0.06-0.08 m mowing is done with grass height of 0.6-0.7 m of pure sowing in spreading, grass is raked in a swath, and is removed for hay. In period of autumn tillering, mineral fertilizers N_30-45P_40-60K_40-60 are introduced in kg d.v./ha, at the third year of plants life nitrogen fertilisers are introduced in March into frozen-thawed soil with norm of 30-45 kg d.v./ha. Stubble is removed in the third decade of March - the first decade of April, and upper layer of soil is mulched, area is flooded with flood water with norm of 2500-3500 m³/ha. In the third decade of July harvesting is carried out by means of separate combining, as well as devil's grass ears thrashing in phase of waxy ripeness of seeds. At the same time at the third year of plants life in the third decade of March after removal of stubble at the angle of 10-50° in direction of sowing with pitch of 0.3-0.5 m, slots are cut with width of 4-6 mm for depth of 0.10-0.16 m.

EFFECT: method provides for improved seed productivity of devil's grass on irrigation-developed estuaries watered by means of flooding.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and more specifically to methods of cultivating crops, in particular perennial bluegrass grasses for seeds and feed.

A known method of growing perennial grasses, including the simultaneous sowing of cover crops and perennial grasses, in which, in order to increase the density of standing under-cover grasses and increase the productivity of both crops per year of sowing, the seeds of the cover crop are treated with a 10% solution of chlorchomenchloride in a dose of 30 l per 1 ton of seeds and they are kept at 43-45 ° С for three hours (SU, copyright certificate No. 664614. Mcl ² A01G 7/00, A01N 21/02. A method of growing perennial herbs / I.P. Geidebrecht (USSR). - Application No. 2591142 / 30-15. Announced March 15, 1978, publ. 05/30/1979. Bull. No. 20 )

The disadvantage of the described method of growing perennial grasses in relation to the problem we are solving is the creation of stable fodder lands on the estuaries of the Pre-Caspian lowland using bluegrass grasses (Beckmania vulgaris, creeping wheatgrass, beefless rump, meadow fescue, canary throat and reed grass) - seeds and plants under cover a layer of flood water and do not withstand flooding for 30-40 days.

There is also known a method of cultivating perennial grasses, including wide-row sowing for the purpose of obtaining seeds and high-quality feed from the same area, sowing grass seeds with 60-90 cm aisles, and in the second year of life, grass seeds are sown in the row-spacing of the established stand providing sprouting at the beginning of the spring regrowth phase of last year’s sowing grasses (SU, copyright certificate No. 755231. Mcl ³ A01B 79/02. The method of cultivation of perennial grasses / IP Geidebrecht (USSR). - Application No. 2733107 / 30- 15. Stated March 11, 1979. l. 08/15/1980. Bull. No. 30).

The disadvantage of this method of cultivating perennial grasses in relation to this problem is that when sowing in wide aisles in the second year, plants of the first year are in a depressed state. Getting seeds in the third year becomes problematic.

In addition to the described methods, there is a known method for re-tilling slopes, including sowing legumes and cereals in alternating rows, in which, in order to reduce the costs of tinning and increase the productivity of grass by increasing the concentration of seeds of the fourth to fifth years of use, the grass is left until cereal seeds ripen, the ripened seeds are wound, then the next row-spacing is sprinkled with the upper layer of soil from a strip equal to the width of two row-spacings, and legume seeds are planted in the strip (SU, copyright certificate No. 1253443. A1. M.cl. ⁴ A01B 79/02. Spos on re-tinning of slopes / G.N. Cherkalov, L.I. Biryukova (USSR) .- Application No. 359643 / 30-15. Announced on 04/06/1983. Publish. 08/30/1986. Bull. No. 32).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem we are solving - obtaining seeds of perennial bluegrass grasses - include the fact that the crops should be selected so that when the seeds ripen, the seeds do not fall off the ears or inflorescences during harvesting.

A closer analogue to the claimed object relates to a method for growing perennial cereal grasses on seeds, including sowing under the cover of a grain crop, applying chemical means to control weed vegetation, mineral fertilizers, in which, in order to reduce the negative effect of the cover cereal crop on the yield of seeds of perennial cereal grasses, nitrogen feeding crop year is introduced into lactic cover crop maturity stage (SU, Inventor's certificate №1454284. A1. M.kl. ⁴ A01V 79/02. a method for growing perennial PLN of grasses for seeds / B.P. Mykhaylichenko, V.E. Ryabova, G.N. Bespakhotnaya (USSR) .- Application No. 4106131 / 30-15. It is declared 08.21.1986. Publish. 01.30.1989. Bull. No. 4 )

The disadvantages of the described method of growing cereal grass for seeds, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include negative cultivation of the integumentary crop and low efficiency of the introduced nitrogen fertilizing.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of cultivating perennial grasses on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland, including the creation of seed sections of wild estuary grass species and stable agrophytocenoses on estuaries and irrigated estuaries in the meadows and pastures of estuaries by sowing alternating streaks of cultural species of grasses of regionalized varieties of Kostra - 769, Torch and Extra 15-2, solonchak wheatgrass - Stavropol 10, fescue - Penza 1 and Lira 10, canary - Donskoy 18 and Firstborn, Zhitnyak - Kamyshinsky 1 and Kamyshinsky 2, as well as wild-growing grass species, while sowing wild-growing grass species is carried out in the late autumn period, and in the zoned varieties - treated strips in the early spring period; as estuary wild species of herbs for creating seed plots, creeping wheatgrass, common beckmania, beefless boneless raspberry, grouse and wheatgrass are used; the width of alternating strips is set equal to the capture width of grain-seeders (RU, patent No. 2238623. C1. IPC ⁷ АВВ 79/02. The method of cultivation of perennial bluegrass grasses on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland / V.P. Zvolinsky (RU), M.M. Shagaipov ( RU), L.V. Bogosoryanskaya (RU), AMSaldaev (RU) - Application No. 2003116604/12. Announced June 3, 2003. Publish. October 27, 2004. Bull. No. 30 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2004. - No. 30).

The disadvantages of the described method, adopted by us as the closest analogue, include the low yield of wheatgrass creeping due to the death of vegetative shoots in the winter period after the second year of plant life.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to create stable fodder lands on the estuaries of the Pre-Caspian lowland using bluegrass grasses - ordinary beckmania, creeping wheatgrass, beechless rump, meadow fescue, cane reed and wheatgrass.

EFFECT: obtaining seed material of bluegrass grasses of estuary ecotype for the third year of plant life, in particular wheat grass creeping, on irrigation-developed estuaries irrigated by flooding.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the described method of cultivating perennial bluegrass grasses, mainly wheat grass creeping, on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland, which includes in the first year the main tillage without turning the formation to a depth of 0.12 ... 0.15 m in a prepared and bunded area with an area of 20 ... 30 ha for irrigation by flooding with flood water, pre-sowing treatment of the upper layer by milling the formation to a depth of 0.08 ... 0.12 m to obtain agronomically valuable soil fractions, leveling the surface of the plot, surface application of nitrogen fertilizers - 30 kg a.a. / ha, phosphorus 60 kg a.a. / ha, potassium 60 kg a.a. / ha, applying chemicals to control weeds, sowing seeds of wheat grass creeping to a depth 0.02 ... 0.03 m normal (3.0-3.5) × 10 ⁶ germinating seeds / ha in the second decade of September, before and after sowing rolling, top-dressing the next year on frozen soil with nitrogen fertilizer of wheatgrass plants with wheatgrass creeping rate 30 ... 40 kg ai / ha, renewal of root systems in the third decade of March - the first decade of April by combing stubble, vegetative mass p the first- year of life and mulching topsoil, flooding floodwater area rate 2000 ... 2500 ^m3 / ha for the replenishment of water content in the growing season, the removal in late May - early June when Weediness 35-40% weed stalks at the height of mowing mowing 0.10-0.15 m, at a cutting height of 0.06-0.08 m mowing at a height of grass stand 0.6-0.7 m of clean crops in spread in the third decade of May - the first decade of June, raking in the roll and harvesting grass for hay, during the period of autumn tillering in the first ten days of September, adding m mineral fertilizer N _30-45 P _40-60 K _40-60 kg ai / ha to strengthen autumn tillering and increase the power of generative shoots, the third year of the life of plants entering in March merzlotaloy soil for spring tillering nitrogen fertilizer rate of 30 45 kg ai / ha, stubble removal in the third decade of March - the first decade of April and mulching of the upper soil layer, flooding of the site with flood water at a rate of 2500-3500 m ³ / ha, in the third decade of July harvesting by separate combining and threshing ears of wheat grass creeping in the phase of wax ripeness yang, according to the invention, in the third year of plant life in the third decade of March, after stubble removal at an angle of 10-50 ° to the seeding direction, slits 4-6 mm wide are cut into a depth of 0.10-0, with a pitch of 0.3-0.5 m, 16 m.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

Against the general background of declining productivity of natural fodder lands of the Caspian region, the condition of estuaries is of particular concern. Tens of thousands of hectares of estuary meadows as a result of greening and grazing failure have lost their feed value and are excluded from economic use.

The science and practice of meadow cultivation on estuary irrigation lands of southeastern Russia proved the high efficiency of meadow restoration by creating agrophytocenoses from both cultivated and wild grass species. However, measures for radical improvement are constrained, first of all, by the lack of seeds of grass species suitable for overgrowing meadows. Many farms are interested in their own production of seeds of those types of herbs that are suitable for cultivation, both on natural and on artificial estuaries (lands of estuary irrigation).

The production of grass seeds on estuaries is complicated by the specifics of soil-reclamation conditions. Their water regime, which is characterized by prolonged flooding, eliminates the possibility of cultivating almost all cultivated grass species. Grasses of bluegrass and legume families when irrigated by flooding can be cultivated only estuary ecotypes such as creeping wheatgrass and common beckmania. On irrigation-developed estuaries, this technique guarantees the cultivation of highly productive species such as boneless rump, reed meadow fescue, reed canary (double-spout), solonchak wheatgrass, etc.

Area selection

When organizing grass seed cultivation on estuary irrigation lands, the choice is stopped on irrigation-developed estuaries, where the water regime can be controlled. If engineering arrangements are possible using sprinkling machines or plants, preference is given to short-watering estuaries with a limited area (20 ... 30 ha), which eliminates the additional costs of justification in order to separate the site from the total flooded area of the meadow.

When creating seed sections of estuary wild-growing species of grass (wheatgrass, beckmania), natural mid-water and long-estuary estuaries are used, where the flooding regime corresponds to the ecology of these species (the duration of flooding for grassroots is 30 ... 40, for backman's - 40 ... 50 days). Here, limitation of seed plots by bunding is not provided. On large estuaries, divided into engineering tiers or cells, those areas are selected that are characterized by an abundance of the type of seeds planned for the crop.

Technological schemes for the cultivation of creeping wheatgrass are selected in accordance with the general reclamation and agro-economic condition of the facility. Having data on soil and vegetation cover, we select the appropriate environmentally safe and most effective agro-methods for creating seeded grass stands (meadow agrophytocenoses).

Selection of types of herbs

If it is necessary to re-plant natural estuaries by a radical improvement method with further irrigation by flooding, the testes of creeping wheatgrass or Beckmania vulgaris are laid. These species are characterized by a high degree of adaptation to local conditions, ductility to flooding regimes changing over the years, and significant productivity.

When planning the tinning of the arable land of estuary irrigation (arable land flooded in spring with the waters of local runoff), they organize the production of seedless rind seeds, pomegranates and wheatgrass.

If it is necessary to create cultivated hayfields or pastures on the lands of regular irrigation, such species as solonchak wheatgrass, meadow or reed fescue, beefless rump, and cane reed can be taken for production. These species are highly resistant to periodic waterlogging of soils and significant productive longevity. Their high productivity makes it possible to form up to three green mass yields per feed with the production of up to 7 ... 8 tons of hay per 1 ha per season.

The highest seed productivity of these species is distinguished by beanless rump, sowing of which gives up to 0.5 tons of seeds per 1 ha, wheat grass and fescue provide harvests of up to 0.45, canaries up to 0.13 tons / ha of seeds.

Seed material

When laying the testes of cultivated grass species, their zoned varieties are used. Along with this, other varieties are also sown that have passed adaptation and have established themselves well in the South-East of the country. They include the varieties of rump - Morshansky 769, Torch and Extra 15-2; wheatgrass solonchak - Stavropol 10; fescue - Penzinskaya 1, Lira 10; canary - Don 18, Firstborn; of zhitnyak - Kamyshinsky 1, Kamyshinsky 2. When laying the testes of wild-growing species of herbs on the estuaries, seeds of local ecotypes of wheatgrass creeping and beckmania vulgare collected on local estuaries are used.

For each batch of grass seeds (GOST 12036-66) there must be documents on their sowing qualities, and on varietal seeds - additionally documents on their varietal qualities of the established form: "Certificate for seeds" of the first and subsequent reproductions. Seed material must meet the requirements of GOST 19449-80 and 19454-80.

Soil preparation

The first condition when processing the soils of natural estuaries is the preservation of their genetic horizons of the soil cover. During the main tillage, the salted or gleyed layers should not be turned on the surface. Therefore, plowing is carried out without a turnover of the formation with plows equipped with racks of the SibIME design. The depth of treatment is set in accordance with the power of the humus soil layer.

The second condition when preparing the site is the need for thorough crumbling of turf. Disk or milling tools cut the sod "daughter", destroying all wild plant species. In estuaries, where the wheatgrass, sedge, and chiton communities predominate, turf is particularly connected and, if necessary, the accelerated creation of agrophytocenoses can be completely destroyed only by soil mills. The main treatment (plow loosening by SibIME stands) is carried out in autumn on soil moistened with precipitation. In the absence of milling machines, sod crumbling is carried out with disk tools using heavy disk harrows of various modifications, which are launched in 2 ... 3 tracks. The crumbling is completed by repeated treatment with a disk harrow in the spring of next year as the soil ripens.

In summer, the plot is kept in steam mode, cultivating as weeds grow. In the event that the site is clogged with deep-root species from the broadleaf forbs group (medicinal avran, spurge, curly sorrel, etc.), they are suppressed with a herbicide using an amine salt of 2,4-D in a dose of 2 ... 3 kg a.m. on 1 ha.

Fertilizers

Under pre-sowing treatment contribute per 1 ha: 60 ... 90 kg ai (P ₂ O ₅ ) and 30 ... 45 kg ai nitrogen (N). In the first year of plant life, depending on the richness of the soil with mineral nutrition (according to diagnostic data), 30 ... 45 kg a.a. nitrogen. This operation is repeated after harvesting the seed grass under the phase of autumn shoot formation (early September).

In subsequent years of using the grass stand, the doses of nitrogen fertilizers are increased to 45 ... 60 kg ai. on 1 ha. In the second year after harvesting, not only nitrogen is added, but also phosphorus 40 ... 60 kg ai. (P ₂ O ₅ ).

Sowing seeds

The timing, methods and technique of sowing seeds is dictated by the biological characteristics of grass species.

In the climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region, the predominant method of sowing for cultivated grass species developing in the winter type is late summer coverless. Grass seeds are sown simultaneously or after sowing winter crops. A wide-row seeding technique is used with a row spacing of 45 cm.

When creating the testes of the estuary ecotypes of wheatgrass and beckmania, the agricultural technique of sowing is changed. Wheatgrass is sown with ordinary (0.15 m) equipment, and beckmania with technology, followed by seeding with ring rollers. Beckmania is sown in the winter at the end of September-November.

Seed areas of estuarine ecotypes of creeping wheatgrass and Beckmania vulgaris are irrigated by the traditional method of flooding.

Irrigation rates, depending on the type of estuary according to the water regime (flushing, non-flushing), can fluctuate within significant limits - from 2000 to 4000 m ³ / ha. The main criterion for the flooding regime is the duration of water retention on the surface. The layer of water created during the filling of the estuary should be triggered during the phase of complete earing of wheatgrass or beckmania. Based on this, the rate of flooding is calculated by the field method for each specific estuary. In this case, the average daily rate of release of the water layer is pre-set:

V = H / n,

where V is the average daily decline rate, m / day;

H - the height of the initial layer of water, m;

n is the number of days.

Having determined this indicator and focusing on the optimal duration of flooding for wheatgrass (30 ... 40 days) and for beckmania (40 ... 50 days), determine the rate of irrigation by flooding:

M = D × V × 10,

where M is the rate of flooding, m ³ / ha;

D - tasks flooding duration, days;

V is the rate of release of the water layer, m / day.

For the moment from which the necessary duration of flooding should be calculated (vegetative period of flooding), the beginning of the growth of herbs is taken.

Seed Care

The yield of grass seeds and the productive longevity of the testes are supported by a number of measures, including the suppression of weed plant species in the rows between rows, and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers.

Loosening of wide-row crops is carried out already in the year of sowing (in spring) and is repeated annually. The repetition of this operation during the year is determined by the degree of compaction of the soil and the abundance of weed species of herbs.

In the year of sowing grasses, weeds are destroyed by herbicides or mowing. On crops, herbicides of the 2,4-D group are used. 1.5 ... 2.0 kg of the active substance of amine salt or 0.8 ... 1.0 kg of butyl ether with a working solution volume of 350 ... 400 l / ha are consumed per 1 ha of crops. On old arable highly clogged lands of estuary irrigation, the treatment is carried out twice - on seedlings of cultivated plants and in the phase of tillering.

With the intensive development of herbs in the year of sowing in the conditions of a warm and humid autumn, they must be mowed 2 ... 3 weeks before the onset of frost. The cut height is 0.10 ... 0.12 m. This prevents them from heating under the snow cover.

In the spring, before the growth of grass begins, the crops are harrowed. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are added under harrowing at the rate of nitrogen (N) 45 kg ai / ha.

Seed harvesting

Harvesting herbs for seeds is the most critical operation, which, ultimately, determines the size of the collection of seed products. Seeds recommended for cultivation of species are characterized by high or increased shedding, and a delay in harvesting them can even lead to a complete loss of yield. First of all, this applies to the canary.

The method of cultivating perennial bluegrass grasses on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland includes the traditional implementation of well-known technological operations - basic tillage, pre-sowing soil cultivation, chemical means for weed control and mineral fertilizers, sowing bluegrass grass seeds, watering, mowing vegetative mass and threshing ears and inflorescences .

On the prepared and bunded plot for testes with an area of 20 ... 30 ha and for irrigation by flooding with flood water, plowing without a layer is carried out to a depth of 0.12 ... 0.15 m.This operation is performed with four-, five-, and six-body plows PLN-4-35 ( PN-4-35), PLN-5-35, PLP-6-35 in the aggregate with tractors of draft class 3 (VT-100, VT-150, VT-200, DT-75 M). Following this operation, the turf layer is cut to obtain agronomically valuable soil fractions by milling to a depth of 0.08 ... 0.12 m. To do this, use a mounted milling cultivator KFN-1.8 in aggregate with a tractor of draft class 1.4 (MTZ-100 , MTZ-80). For high-quality sowing and obtaining friendly seedlings of the sowing bluegrass culture, level the surface of the plot with either a small or a P-50 rail mounted on a trailer in an aggregate with an MTZ-50 tractor. To stimulate the development of the root system, increase the resistance of plants to negative temperatures in winter, enhance autumn shoot formation and increase the number and power of generative shoots, mineral fertilizers are applied to this surface area - nitrogen 30 kg a.v., phosphorus 60 kg a.v. potassium 60 kg for every ha. This operation is carried out by KSA-3 machines; PTT-4.2; 1-RMG-4 in an aggregate with wheeled tractors (thrust class 1.4). Prior to sowing, in order to ensure uniform depth of seeding of grass seeds in the first ten days of September, leveling and rolling of the surface with ZKKSh-6A rollers is performed; ZKVG-1.5; SKG-2.6.

In the first or second decade of September, the seeds of wheatgrass creeping to the sowing depth of 0.02 ... 0.03 m are carried out with the norm (3.0 ... 3.5) × 10 ⁶ pieces of germinating seeds per ha. The weight norm is 12 ... 16 kg / ha. Sowing is carried out either with a grain-grass seeder SZT-3.6, or with a twin seeder SN-16 PM. The row spacing is 0.15 m. For reliable contact of wheatgrass seeds with the soil, post-sowing rolling is performed with rollers of the ZKKSh-6A and ZKVG-1,5 models. Creeping wheatgrass plants go to winter.

For the next calendar year, on permafrost soil, nitrogen fertilizing is carried out at a rate of 30 ... 35 kg ai / ha. This operation is carried out by KSA-3 machines; PTT-4.2; 1RMG-4 in the unit with the MTZ-80 tractor.

In the third decade of March - the first decade of April, vegetative residues of plants of the first year and weeds are removed and the upper layer is mulched. This operation is performed by ZBZS - 1.0 harrows in an aggregate with a SP-15 (SP-16) hitch and a wheeled (tracked) tractor. This ensures the destruction of the soil crust during ripening of the soil to a depth of 0.05 ... 0.06 m in two tracks.

Then, during the flood period, water resources in the bunded area are replenished for the entire vegetative period by flooding of 2000 ... 2500 m ³ / ha.

In the third decade of June, at a cutting height of 0.10 ... 0.15 m, crops of wheatgrass creeping with weedy vegetation are mowed with weediness of crops of 35-40% and higher. This excludes the seeding of bluegrass herbs by them.

On clean crops in the third decade of June - the first decade of July, when the grass stand is 0.6 ... 0.7 m high, mowing is performed at a low cut height of 0.06 ... 0.08 m and the sown grass is harvested for hay.

During the period of autumn tillering in the first ten days of September, to stimulate the development of the root system, increase the resistance of plants to the effects of negative temperatures, to strengthen the autumn shoot formation and increase the number and power of generative shoots, make KSA-3 machines; PTT-4.2; 1 - RMG - 4 mineral fertilizers N _{30 ... 45} P _{40 ... 60} K _{40 ... 60} .

In the third year of life of wheatgrass creeping plants in March, nitrogen top dressing with the above agricultural machines with a dose of N _{45 ... 60} kg ai / ha is introduced on frozen soil for spring shoot formation.

In the third decade of March - the first decade of April, the mortmass is removed and the upper soil layer is mulched.

In the third year of plant life, wheat grass creeping to increase the number of vegetative shoots with spikes in the third decade of March after removing the mortar mass at an angle of 10 ... 50 ° to the direction of sowing in 0.3 ... 0.5 m increments, narrow slits 4 ... 6 mm wide are cut into depth 0.10 ... 0.16 m.

After making narrow slots for root formation and activating sleeping points by flooding the area with flood water, 2500-3000 m ³ / ha provide water reserves in the root-inhabited horizon.

In the third decade of July, when harvesting separately, mowing of the wheatgrass stalks of the creeping KPS-5G mower is carried out in a swath, and when the stems are reduced in moisture, the ears are threshed with a SAMPO combine. When separate cleaning in the phase of wax ripeness, the cut height is set equal to 0.08 ... 0.10 m

Table 1 shows the yield of wheatgrass seeds creeping when making narrow slots with a width of 4 mm in increments of 0.3 m when they are performed at an angle to the direction of sowing 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 °. For control, crops of wheatgrass creeping without cutting of root systems are taken.

Table 2 shows the effect of the step of cutting narrow slots on the seed productivity of creeping wheatgrass.

Table 3 shows the yield of wheatgrass seeds creeping at different depths of the cracks.

On irrigation-developed estuaries, this technique guarantees the cultivation of highly productive species such as boneless beetroot, meadow cane fescue, reed canary (double-spade), solonchak grassgrass, etc. These species are highly resistant to periodic waterlogging of soils and have significant productive longevity. Their high productivity provides the possibility of forming up to three green mass yields per feed with the production of up to 7-8 tons of hay per 1 ha per season. Sowing rumpless beetroot crops yield up to 0.5-5 tons of seeds per 1 ha, wheat grass and fescue up to 0.45, canary grass up to 0.13 tons / ha of seeds.

Table 1 Creeping wheatgrass seed yield when cultivated on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland when making narrow vertical slots in the third year of plant life (according to the field seasons of 2005-2007) No. p / p The angle between the direction of sowing and the direction of crafts cracks, deg. Step between slots, m Slit Depth, m Slot width mm Seed productivity, kg / ha years Three years on average 2005 2006 2007 one 10 0.3 0.16 four 486 519 532 512.3 2 twenty also also also 549 548 567 554.7 3 thirty also also also 531 568 592 563.7 four 40 also also also 527 606 547 560.0 5 fifty also also also 513 548 567 542.7 6 Control (no cracks made) - - - 450 481 493 474.6 7 NDS _0.05 - - - 9.1 12,2 12.8 12.8

table 2 The yield of wheatgrass creeping seeds when cultivated according to the basic and proposed technologies on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland (according to the field seasons of 2005-2007) No. p / p Slit cutting step, m The angle between the direction of sowing and the direction of crafts cracks, deg. Slit Depth, m Slot width mm Seed productivity, kg / ha years Three years on average 2005 2006 2007 one 0.2 thirty 0.16 four 560 551 569 560.0 2 0.3 also also also 551 542 555 549.0 3 0.4 also also also 532 523 545 533.3 four 0.5 also also also 523 514 521 519.3 5 0.6 also also also 508 510 552 506.6 6 The control - - - 471 463 474 469.3

Table 3 Yield of wheatgrass creeping seeds when cultivated on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland (according to field seasons 2005-2007) No. p / p The depth of the gap, m Step between slots, m The angle between the direction of sowing and the direction of crafts cracks, deg. Slot width mm Seed productivity, kg / ha years Three years on average 2005 2006 2007 one 0.08 0.4 thirty four 415.3 530.8 511.2 485.7 2 0.10 also also also 430.5 550.3 530.0 503.3 3 0.12 also also also 438.1 560.0 539.4 512.5 four 0.14 also also also 453.4 579.5 558.1 530.3 5 0.16 also also also 461.0 589.3 567.5 539.2 6 0.18 also also also 407.7 521.1 501.8 476.8 7 Control (no cracks made) - - - 381 487 469 445.6 8 NDS _0.05 - - - 8.7 15.6 15.9 10.7

Claims (1)

The method of cultivation of perennial bluegrass grasses, mainly wheat grass creeping on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland, including in the first year the main tillage without turning the formation to a depth of 0.12-0.15 m in a prepared and bunded area of 20-30 hectares for irrigation by flooding with flood water pre-sowing treatment of the upper layer by milling the formation to a depth of 0.08-0.12 m to obtain agronomically valuable soil fractions, leveling the surface of the plot, surface application of mineral fertilizers - nitrogen 30 kg a.v. / ha, phosphorus RA 60 kg a.a. / ha, potassium 60 kg a.a. / ha, applying chemicals to control weeds, sowing seeds of wheatgrass creeping to a depth of 0.02-0.03 m normal (3.0-3 , 5) · 10 ⁶ seeds of germinating seeds / ha in the second decade of September, pre- and post-sowing rolling, top dressing the next year on frozen soil with nitrogen fertilizer of wheatgrass plants with creeping at a rate of 30-40 kg ai / ha, renewal of root systems in the third decade of March - the first decade of April by combing stubble, vegetative mass of the first year of life and mulching the topsoil, flooding and flood water norm 2000-2500 m ³ / ha for replenishing water content in the vegetative period, deleting the third ten days of May - early June seeding at 35-40% infestation of weeds at a height of mowing stalks cut 0.10-0.15 m at a cut height of 0.06-0.08 m mowing at a stand height of 0.6-0.7 m of clean crops was spread in the third decade of May - the first decade of June, raking in the felling and harvesting grass for hay, during the period of autumn tillering early September mineral fertilizers fertilizer N _30-45 P _40-60 K _40-60 kg ai / ha for amplification osenneg shoot formation and increase in the capacity of general shoots, in the third year of plant life, application in March on frozen soil for spring shoot formation of nitrogen fertilizers with a norm of 30-45 kg a.a / ha, stubble removal in the third decade of March - the first decade of April and mulching of the upper soil layer flooding of the site with flood water with a norm of 2500-3500 m ³ / ha; in the third decade of July, harvesting by separate combining and threshing ears of wheatgrass creeping in the phase of wax ripeness of seeds, while in the third year of plant life in the third decade of March after removing the stubble at an angle of 10-50 ° to the direction of sowing in increments of 0.3-0.5 m, slits 4-6 mm wide are cut to a depth of 0.10-0.16 m.