RU2374806C1 - Method for cultivation of perennial meadow grasses, mainly on solodic soils of natural estuaries of caspian plain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in method main treatment of soil is carried out without turnover of soil, milling, smoothening of surface, surface introduction of fertilisers, preplant watering by overhead irrigation with norm of 200-250 m³/ha. Seeds are embedded at the depth of 2-3 cm. Post-planting smoothening is carried out, weeds are suppressed by introduction of herbicides 2.4-D or butyl ether, nitrogen additional fertilizing at the 2^nd year of plants life of 45 kg d.v./ha, harrowing, vegetation watering to maintain threshold of humidity at 70% HB. Grass is mown for hay in 2 and 3 decades of May at height of cut 0.06-0.08 m. In case of moisture in soil reduces, vegetation watering with norm of 500-600 m³/ha in layer of 0-0.6 m. Hay is brought in. At the 3^rd year of plants life in period of spring sprout-making, nitrogen is introduced in dose of 45-60 kg d.v./ha. Upper layer of soil is mulched in the first decade of April by furrowing, and stubble is removed. Seeds of ribbon grass are collected in phase of their waxy ripeness, as well as seeds of awnles brome, meadow fescure grass and briny couch grass - in phase of complete ripeness. At the 2 and 3 years of plant life, vertical cutting of meadow grass rootstock is carried out in direction of rectangular site diagonal, and in case of vegetation watering cutting is carried out parallel to another diagonal, each cutting is done by knives with thickness of 6-8 mm for depth of 0.15-0.18 m with pitch of 0.4-0.5 m.

EFFECT: method provides for production of seed material of meadow grass of estuary ecotype at the third year of plant life.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and more specifically to methods of cultivating crops, in particular perennial bluegrass grasses for seeds and feed.

A known method of growing perennial grasses, including the simultaneous sowing of cover crops and perennial grasses, in which, in order to increase the density of standing under-cover grasses and increase the productivity of both crops in the year of sowing, the seeds of the cover crop are treated with a 10% solution of chlorchomenchloride in a dose of 30 l per 1 tons of seeds and they are kept at 43-45 ° С for three hours (SU, copyright certificate No. 664614, M. cl. ² A01G 7/00, A01N 21/02. Method for growing perennial herbs / I.P. Geidebrecht (USSR ). - Application No. 2591142 / 30-15; Stated 03/15/1978; Publish. 05/30/1979, Bull. 20).

The disadvantages of the described method of growing perennial grasses in relation to the problem we are solving are the creation of sustainable fodder lands on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland using bluegrass grasses, common beckmania, creeping wheatgrass, beechless rump, meadow fescue, cane throat and reed grass - seeds and plants of integumentary culture a layer of flood water and do not withstand flooding for 30-40 days.

There is also known a method of cultivating perennial grasses, including wide-row sowing, in order to obtain seeds and high-quality feed from the same area, sowing grass seeds is carried out with 60-90 cm rows, and in the second year of life, grass seeds are sown in the row-spacing of the established stand, providing shoots at the beginning of the phase of spring regrowth of last year's sowing grasses (SU, copyright certificate No. 755231, M. cl. ² A01B 79/02. Method of cultivation of perennial grasses / IP Geidebrecht (USSR). - Application No. 2733107/30 -15; Stated 03/11/1979; Opu l. 15.08.1980, Bul. №30).

The disadvantage of this method of cultivating perennial grasses in relation to this problem is that when sowing in wide aisles in the second year, plants of the first year are in a depressed state. Getting seeds in the third year becomes problematic.

In addition to the described methods, a method for re-tilling slopes is known, including sowing legumes and cereal grass in alternating rows, in which, in order to reduce the cost of tinning and increase the productivity of the grass by increasing the concentration of seeds of the fourth to fifth years of use, the grass is left until cereal seeds ripen, the ripened seeds are upholstered , then the adjacent row-spacings are sprinkled with the upper layer of soil from a strip equal to the width of two row-spacings, and legume seeds are planted in the strip (SU, copyright certificate No. 1253443. A1, M. cl. ⁴ A01B 79/02 The method of re-tinning of the slopes / G.N. Cherkalov, L.I. Biryukova (USSR) .- Application No. 359643 / 30-15; Announced on 04/06/1983; Published on 08/30/1986, Bull. No. 32).

The disadvantages of the described method in relation to the problem we solve - obtaining seeds of perennial bluegrass grasses - include the fact that the crops should be selected so that when the seeds ripen, the seeds do not fall off the ears or inflorescences during harvesting.

A closer analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of growing perennial cereal grasses on seeds, including sowing under the cover of a grain crop, applying chemical means to control weed vegetation, mineral fertilizers, in which, in order to reduce the negative effect of the cover cereal crop on the seed yield of perennial cereal grasses , nitric fertilizer sowing annually introduced into lactic cover crop maturity stage (SU, Inventor's certificate №1454284. A1, M. cl. A01B 79/02 ^4. The method of cultivation of perennial herbs for seeds / B.P. Mykhaylichenko, V.E. Ryabova, G.N. Bespakhotnaya (USSR) - Application No. 4106131 / 30-15; Stated 08/21/1986; Publ. 30.01.1989, Bull. No. 4 )

The disadvantages of the described method of growing cereal grass for seeds, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include negative cultivation of the integumentary crop and low efficiency of the introduced nitrogen top dressing.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of cultivating perennial grasses on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland, including the creation of seed sections of wild estuary grass species and stable agrophytocenoses on estuaries and irrigated estuaries on meadows and pastures of estuaries by sowing alternating cultivated stripes of cultural species of grasses of the cultivated varieties of the seven varieties of bonfire69 , Torch and Extra 15-2, solonchak wheatgrass - Stavropol 10, fescue - Penza 1 and Lira 10, canary - Donskoy 18 and Firstborn, itnyaka - Kamyshinsky Kamyshinsky 1 and 2 as well as of wild grass species, the planting of wild grass species carried in pozdneosenny period and released cultivars - processed strip in early spring; as estuary wild species of herbs for creating seed plots, creeping wheatgrass, common beckmania, beefless boneless raspberry, grouse and wheatgrass are used; the width of the alternating strips is set equal to the capture width of grain-seeders (RU, patent No. 2238623. C1, IPC ⁷ A01B 79/02. A method of cultivating perennial bluegrass grasses on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland / V.P. Zvolinsky (RU), M.M. Shagaipov ( RU), L.V. Bogosoryanskaya (RU), AM Saldaev (RU) - Application No. 2003116604/12; Declared June 3, 2003; Publish. October 27, 2004, Bull. No. 30 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2004. - No. 30).

The disadvantages of the described method, adopted by us as the closest analogue, include the low yield of wheatgrass creeping due to the death of vegetative shoots in the winter period after the second year of plant life.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to create stable fodder lands on the estuaries of the Pre-Caspian lowland using bluegrass grasses - ordinary beckmania, creeping wheatgrass, beechless rump, meadow fescue, cane reed and wheatgrass.

EFFECT: obtaining seed material of bluegrass grasses of estuary ecotype for the third year of plant life on the soluble soils of estuaries irrigated by sprinkling, and guaranteed production of seeds of beechless rump, meadow cane fescue, cane throat, solonchak wheat grass, etc.

The specified technical result in the known method is achieved by the fact that in the method of cultivating perennial bluegrass grasses, mainly on the solder soils of natural estuaries of the Caspian lowland, including the main tillage without turning the formation to a depth of 0.12 ... 0.15 m with preserving the genetic horizons, cutting the upper layer of natural estuary by milling to a depth of 0.08 ... 0.10 m to obtain agronomically valuable soil fractions, leveling the surface of the estuary area, surface application of mineral fertilizers doses: nitrogen 45 kg ai / ha, phosphorus 60 kg ai / ha, potassium 60 kg ai / ha, pre-sowing irrigation with a norm of 200 ... 250 m ³ / ha to maintain in a layer 0 ... 0 , 2 m humidity threshold of 70% HB to improve seed germination conditions, seeding to a depth of 2 ... 3 cm of meadow fescue seeds, beetroot rump, solonchak grassland with a fescue rate of 5 × 10 ⁶ seeds of germinating seeds per hectare when sowing with 0.15 rows m and 3.5 × 10 ⁶ units / ha when sowing with inter-rows of 0.45 m, rump when sowing with inter-rows of 0.15 m - 5 × 10 ⁶ germinating seeds / ha and with inter-rows of 0.45 m - 2 × 10 ⁶ units / ha, wheatgrass in between dyakh 0.15 m - 4.5 × 10 ⁶ units / ha and with a row spacing of 0.45 m the sowing rate is reduced to 2.5 × 10 ⁶ pieces of germinating seeds / ha with a depth of seeding of cane cane seeds at a depth of 0.01 m with a sowing rate of 8 × 10 ⁶ units / ha with row spacing of 0.15 m and with a row spacing of 0.45 m - 5 × 10 ⁶ seeds of germinating seeds per ha, post-sowing rolling, weed control by applying herbicides 2,4-D amine salt in a dose 1.5-2.0 kg / ha or butyl ether in a dose of 0.8-1.0 kg / ha, nitrogen fertilizing in the second year of life of bluegrass plants to increase tillering energy at a rate of 45 kg ai / ha, harrowing at two traces for the destruction of the soil crust in a layer of 0.05-0.06 m, vegetation irrigation by sprinkling with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha to maintain a moisture threshold of 70% HB in a layer of 0-0.6 m, mowing grass in the second and the third decades of May at a cutting height of 0.06-0.08 m, as the annual weed appears, the treatment with 2,4-D herbicides at a rate of 1.5-2.0 kg / ha or with butyl ether at a dose of 0.8-1, 0 kg / ha, followed by mowing vegetation glaze rate of 500-600 m ³ / ha with a decrease of the soil moisture in the layer of 0-0.6 m, hay, after completion senouborki watering vegetation norms nd 500-600 m ³ / ha to maintain the threshold humidity of 70% NV in a layer of 0-0.6 m, in the third year of life of plants during the spring tillering nitrogen fertilizer dose of 45-60 kg ai / ha in the third week of April - the first decade of May, mulching the topsoil in the first decade of April by double-harrowing and stubble removal, vegetation irrigation with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha from the third decade of April -the first decade of May to maintain a moisture threshold of 70% HB in layer 0- 0.6 m, separate canary harvesting of seeds in the phase of their wax ripeness, harvesting of seeds of rhizome without seedlings, meadow fescue and solonchak wheatgrass - in the full ripeness phase, according to the invention, pre-sowing irrigation is carried out by sprinkling at a rate of 200-250 m ³ / ha to maintain a moisture threshold of 70% HB in the 0-0.2 m layer to improve seed germination conditions, by In the second and third years of plant life, before each vegetative irrigation, vertical cutting of the bluegrass grass roots is carried out in the direction of the diagonal of the plot, and in the second and subsequent vegetative irrigation, the cutting directions are changed parallel to the other diagonal, each pruning lnyayut knives thickness of 6-8 mm to a depth of 0.15-0.18 m in increments of 0.4-0.5 m.

A method of cultivating perennial bluegrass grasses on the solodied soils of natural estuaries includes plowing without turning the formation to a depth of 0.12-0.15 m while preserving the genetic horizons of the soil. Milling cuts the layer of the upper layer to a depth of 0.08-0.10 m to obtain agronomically valuable soil fractions. Then carry out the alignment of the surface area. Mineral fertilizers are superficially applied to this massif: 45 kg a.a. / ha of nitrogen, 60 kg a.a. / ha of phosphorus and 60 kg a.a. / ha of potassium. Pre-sowing irrigation is carried out by irrigation with a norm of 250 m ³ / ha to maintain soil moisture of 70% HB in a layer of 0-0.02 m to improve the conditions of seed germination. SZT-3.6 and SN-16 PM seeders equipped with flanges on disk coulters are sowed to a depth of 2-3 cm of meadow fescue seeds, beetroot rump, solonchak wheatgrass, etc. The seed rate for fescue seeds is 5 × 10 ⁶ pieces / ha (6-12 kg / ha) when sowing with 0.15 m row spacing and 3.5 × 10 ⁶ pieces / ha (4-8 kg / ha) when sowing with 0.45 m row spacing. Seedling rate for sowing when sowing with row spacing 0.15 m 5 × 10 ⁶ units / ha (14-26 kg / ha) and with a row spacing of 0.45 m - 2 × 10 ⁶ units / ha (5.5-10 kg / ha). The sowing rate of solonchak wheatgrass with a row spacing of 0.15 m is 4.5 × 10 ⁶ units / ha (13-23 kg / ha) and with a row spacing of 0.45 m - 2.5 × 10 ⁶ units / ha of dried seeds / ha ( 7-13 kg / ha).

The depth of seeding of cane cane seeds should not exceed 1 cm with a sowing rate of 8 × 10 ⁶ units / ha with aisles of 0.15 m (6-8 kg / ha) and with an aisle of 0.45 - 5 × 10 ⁶ units / ha (4 -5 kg / ha).

To ensure tight contact of the seeds of the canary, the wheatgrass of the solonchak, the rump of the beardless, the fescue meadow, the crops are rolled up by rollers ZKKSh-6A, ZKVG-1,5, SKG-2,5. To destroy dicotyledonous weeds, a herbicide or 2,4-D amine salt is introduced in a dose of 1.5-2.0 kg / ha or butyl ether in a dose of 0.8-1.0 kg / ha as weeds appear, but not later than the third decade of September.

In the second year of life of bluegrass herbs, to increase tillering energy, nitrogen fertilizing is carried out at a rate of 45 kg ai / ha in the third decade of April - the first decade of May. In the first ten days of April, in order to saturate the soil crust in a layer of 0.05-0.06 m, two-track harrowing is carried out. In the third decade of April - the first decade of May, vegetative irrigation is carried out by sprinkling with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha to maintain 70% of HB in a layer of 0-0.6 m.

In the second and third decades of May, grass mowing is carried out at an altitude of 0.06-0.08 m. As annual weeds appear, 2,4-D herbicides with a norm of 1.5-2.0 kg / ha or butyl ether in a dose of 0.8-1.0 kg / ha inhibit their growth. Following mowing, vegetative irrigation is carried out at a rate of 500-600 m ³ / ha with a decrease in soil moisture in the layer 0-0.6 m to 70% HB. Mowing at a low cut of 0.06-0.08 m and harvesting grass for hay at a stand height of 0.5-0.6 m is carried out by KPS-5G mowers and is pressed into rolls by PRP-1,6 round balers in the second and third decade of June. Charging irrigation with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha is carried out by sprinkling to maintain 70% of HB in a layer of 0-0.6 m. For the third year of plant life, during spring shoot formation, nitrogen fertilizing is carried out at a dose of 45-60 cw a.v. / ha in the third decade of April - the first decade of May. In the first decade of April, two-track harrowing and stubble removal are carried out. From the third decade of April to the first decade of May, sprinkling machines conduct vegetation irrigation with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha to maintain a moisture threshold of up to 70% HB in a layer of 0-0.6 m.

The canary farmers are harvested in the phase of high ripeness of seeds in a separate way, followed by selection and threshing of the rolls, harvesting beechless rind, meadow fescue and salt flax - in the phase of full ripeness of seeds in a separate way and in the phase of full ripeness with direct combining at the maximum possible cutting height.

Thus, the claimed technology for the cultivation of perennial bluegrass grasses on the estuaries of the Caspian lowland shows the achievement of the above technical result. The science and practice of meadow cultivation on estuary irrigation lands of southeastern Russia proved the high efficiency of meadow restoration by creating agrophytocenoses of both cultivated and wild-growing grass species. Our studies have shown that there is a real possibility of seed-growing of bluegrass grasses on the solodial soils of estuaries with regular irrigation by sprinkling.

To increase the seed productivity of perennial bluegrass grasses, in the second and third years of plant life, vertical trimming of the roots of bluegrass grasses is carried out before each vegetative irrigation. The narrow slits are cut with thin knives made of heat-strengthened structural steels with cutting edges on the front of each knife. The geometry and shape of each knife is such that the root-containing layer of perennial grasses is cut in the direction from top to bottom, without forming a crevice roller, without taking out the soil and roots to the day surface of the estuary. Cutting thin slots and trimming the roots of bluegrass grasses are performed parallel to the first diagonal of the rectangular section. Each trimming is performed with thin knives 6 ... 8 mm thick to a depth of 0.15 ... 0.18 m. The trimming step is performed within 0.4 ... 0.5 m. When trimming along the diagonal of a section with a pitch of 0.4 ... 0.5 m the sod layer does not break into pieces ("flaws"), but remains to lie in a whole standing. At the second and subsequent vegetative irrigation, the cutting direction is changed from the first diagonal to the second. With the third pruning of the roots of perennial grasses, the beginning of the first slit is shifted by half the step of cutting the slits (0.2 ... 0.25 m).

Table 1 shows the yield of common Beckmania seeds when cultivated on the solodized soils of natural estuaries of the Caspian lowland according to the claimed method. Lines 1–6 show the yields of Beckmania common seeds on solodious soils with a single pruning of Beckmania roots in the second and third years of plant life before irrigation. Row 7 shows the yield data of Beckmania vulgaris seeds when pruning the roots before each watering. When pruning the roots, root systems are updated and additional shoot formation occurs. Irrigation norms of 500-600 m ³ / ha ensure the removal of salts from the upper horizon to the underlying. Bluegrass plants in this case develop more intensively, increasing both the vegetative mass and the grain part.

Table 2 shows data on the yield of wheatgrass creeping seeds when cultivating natural estuaries of the Caspian lowland with vertical cutting of root systems to a depth of 18 cm and in increments of 40 cm on cultivated soils. Plots with an area of 25 m ² , where these agricultural practices were not made, were identified as control . When sequentially pruning the roots before each watering, the yield of creeping wheatgrass seeds increased on average by 20 ... 24% compared with the control.

Table 3 provides information on the yield of seeds of beechless rind when cultivating on the solodized soils of natural estuaries of the Caspian lowland when irrigated by sprinkling in the period from 2005 to 2007. With an irrigation rate of 3100 m ³ / ha, the increase in the rump harvest compared to the control was more than 24% due to intensive shoot formation.

Table 4 shows the yield of meadow fescue seeds when cultivating natural estuaries on irrigated soils when irrigated by sprinkling, both when performing separate operations and sequential set before each irrigation. The described agronomic techniques increase the yield of meadow fescue seeds compared to the control (without trimming the root systems) by 29 ... 31%.

Table 5 describes the numerical data on the productivity of the cane cane-like when cultivated on the solodized soils of the natural estuaries of the Caspian region. Irrigation - by sprinkling. Irrigation rates of 500-600 m ³ / ha. The total irrigation rate in the second and third years of life is 3200 m ³ / ha. The increase in the seed crop of the canary tree when performing pruning of the roots according to the claimed method provides an increase of 32% compared with the control.

Table 6 shows the information on the productivity of the seeds of wheatgrass when cultivated on the solodized soils of natural estuaries of the Caspian lowland when irrigated by sprinkling. The claimed method of cultivating wheatgrass under the described soil conditions provides, in comparison with the control, an increase in seeds by an average of 29%.

The data indicated in tables 1-6, taking into account the requirements for seed, are given in table 7. The sowing rates and the depth of planting of perennial bluegrass grasses are presented in table 8. The harvesting ripeness of bluegrass seeds is shown in table 9. Bioenergetic efficiency of cultivating rump on the soline soils of natural estuaries The Caspian lowland is represented by the data in table 10, and the common beckmania is shown in table 11. The basic technology for cultivating meadow fescue, beefless rind, solonchak wheatgrass and canary echnika trostnikovidnogo seeds to natural soils solodized estuaries at a sprinkling data described in Table 12.

Thus, the above information confirms the achievement of the above technical result.

Table 8 The seeding rate of grass seeds on seed plots (at 100% - economic suitability) Types of herbs Seeding rates per 1 ha Depth of incorporation (cm) on soils by fur. composition kg million pcs secondary heavy Boneless Rump 14-18 5.0-6.0 2 1,5 Bluegrass (salt marsh) 12-14 4,5-5,5 3 2.0 Meadow fescue 8-12 5.0-6.5 2 1,0 Reed canary 6-8 8.0-9.5 1,5 1,0 Zhitnyak 8-10 3.0-3.5 2 1,0 Beckmania vulgaris 8-10 9.0-10.5 0.7-1 0.5 Wheat grass creeping 12-16 5.5-6.5 3 2.0

Table 9 Indicators of harvest ripeness of grass seeds and methods of harvesting Types of herbs Cleaning Methods Flake seed Direct combine Separate (two-phase) one 2 3 four Beckmania vulgaris The end of the wax - the beginning of the full ripeness of the seeds. The general color of the testes is light brown. When shaking the inflorescence, the apical seeds crumble Wax ripeness of seeds. The color of the testes is yellow-green. The stem is green. Seeds do not crumble In the phase of full ripeness high. With a harvesting delay of 7 ... 10 days, seed loss reaches 50-60% Zhitnyak The beginning of full ripeness of seeds. General view of crops straw or brownish-yellow Wax ripeness of seeds. Crops have a greenish-brown color. Crumble after ripening Reed canary Wax ripeness of seeds. Seeds in the upper part of the panicle begin to crumble. The whisk is yellow, the stems are green The beginning of wax ripeness. General view of the crops light green with a yellowish tinge Fall off, starting from the phase of wax ripeness Boneless Rump Full ripeness of seeds. The panicle has a straw color, drooping; hard seed crumbles when shaken Wax ripeness of seeds; panicle of yellow color with a slight greenish tint. When shaking, only a single apical seed is showered Shedding of seeds is negligible. With timely cleaning, seed loss can be avoided. Fescue meadow, reed The end of wax is the beginning of full ripeness. Seed color is gray, hard grain Wax ripeness of seeds. When squeezing inflorescences in the hands of a small amount of seeds Seeds show off very much. When fully ripened, harvesting should be completed in 1 ... 2 days Wheatgrass The end of the wax - the beginning of the full ripeness of the seeds. Grass stand acquires a straw color Wax ripeness of seeds. Spike of straw color, greenish stems Ripened seeds crumble in 6 ... 8 days Wheat grass creeping The beginning of full ripeness of seeds. Grass stand in the upper part of straw color Wax ripeness of seeds. Yellow-green spike Ripened seeds fall off in 10 ... 12 days

Table 10 Bioenergetic efficiency of cultivating beefless rump on seeds No. Indicators 2nd and subsequent years of use Note one 2 3 four one Total energy costs 6514.1 The calculation of total energy costs was made taking into account the output of the main products - seeds of 0.4 t / ha and by-products (straw) - 3.15 t / ha 2 Yield from 1 ha of products (dry matter), t 0.369 3 Feed units, t 0.196 Digestible protein, t 0.140 four Gross energy 44,591.2 MJ exchange energy 33413.4 5 Energy intensity 1 t 1.76 Total energy costs for primary and pre-sowing MJ of product (dry matter) 3.33 Protein digestible feed units 478.9 6 Energy coefficient 6.84 The costs of tillage and sowing were distributed over 5 years and amounted to an average of 4268 MJ, the current costs of care and harvesting of testes amounted to 2246 MJ 7 Energy efficiency ratio of feed production 5.13 8 The increment of gross energy per 1 ha, MJ 38077.1

Table 11 Bio-energy efficiency of growing Beckmania vulgaris for seeds No. Indicators 2nd and subsequent years of use Note one Total energy consumption per 1 ha, MJ 4465 The calculation of the total energy cost was made taking into account the cost of the main product - seeds with a yield of 0.25 t / ha and secondary straw with a yield of 2.5 t / ha. The total costs of total energy for primary and pre-sowing tillage and sowing are distributed over 5 years and averaged 3189 MJ / ha. The current costs of caring for the testes and their harvesting amounted to 1276 MJ. Energy costs amounted to an average of 3189 MJ / ha, current costs for the care of the testes and their harvesting amounted to 1276 MJ. 2 Yield from 1 ha of products (dry matter), t 2.75 Feed units, t 1.10 Digestible protein, t 0.06 Gross Energy, MJ 25,488.50 Metabolic energy, MJ 18,861.50 3 Energy intensity 1 t, MJ of product (dry matter) 16.3 feed units 40.60 digestible protein 876.3 four Energy coefficient 5.78 5 Feed production energy efficiency ratio 4.28 6 The increment of gross energy per 1 c, MJ 21023.5

Table 12 The technology of cultivation of meadow fescue, beechless rump, solonchak wheatgrass and reed canary for seeds on the soline soils of natural estuaries (irrigation irrigation) Types of jobs Brands of cars and implements Turnaround time The purpose of the work and technological requirements for operations one 2 3 four Fertilizer application KSA-3; PTT-4.2; 1-RMG-4 After the completion of hay harvesting, the 3rd decade of July - the 1st decade of August To stimulate the development of the root system and enhance the process of autumn shoot formation. Doses - N ₄₅ P ₆₀ K ₆₀ . Plowing without turnover PN-4-35; PLN-5-35; equipped with racks SibIME 1-2 decades of August, after fertilizing The depth of processing of 0.12 ... 0.15 m while maintaining the generative horizons of the soil. Milling KFN-1.8 Following the plowing For cutting the turf layer, the processing depth of 0.08 ... 0.10 m Plot surface leveling R-30 rail or small 1-2 decades of August In order to level the microrelief for uniform distribution of irrigation water and ensure a uniform depth of seeding of sown seeds Presowing irrigation Modern sprinkler technology 2 decade of August (end of decade) When the soil moisture content is 70% HB in the layer 0 ... 0.2 m, the estimated norm is 250 m ³ / ha. To improve seed germination conditions. Sowing seeds NWT-3.6; SN-16 PM 3rd decade of August The depth of seeding of fescue seeds, rump and wheatgrass is 2 ... 3 cm. Seeding rates: 1) fescue with ordinary sowing 5 million pcs / ha, weight - 6-12 kg / ha, with wide-row - 3.5 million pcs / ha, weight - 4 ... 8 kg / ha; 2) rump during ordinary sowing - 5 million units / ha, weight - 14 ... 26 kg / ha, with wide-row (45 cm), respectively 2 million units / ha, weight - 5.5 ... 10 kg / ha; 3) wheat grass with ordinary sowing 4.5 million units / ha, weight - 13-23 kg / ha, with wide-row - 2.5 million units / ha, weight - 7 ... 13 kg / ha. The depth of seeding of reed canary seeds is 1 cm. Seeding rates for ordinary sowing are 8 million / ha, weight - 6 ... 8 kg / ha, with wide-row 5 million pcs / ha, weight - 4 ... 5 kg / ha. Rolling crops ZKKSH-6, A ZKVG-1.5, SKG-2.5 3rd decade of August After sowing, to ensure tight contact of the seeds with the soil. Herbicide treatment Tractor sprayers As weeds emerge, September 3rd For the destruction of dicotyledonous weeds. The herbicide 2,4-D amine salt in a dose of 1.5 ... 2.0 kg / ha or butyl ether in a dose of 0.8 ... 1.0 kg / ha. 2nd year of plant life 2nd year of life Nitrogen fertilization KSA-3; RTT-4.2; 1-RMG-4 During the period of spring tillering, the 3rd decade of April - the 1st decade of May To increase tillering energy, N ₄₅ Harrowing ZBZS-1,0 in the joint venture - 16 1 decade of April To destroy the soil crust during ripening of the soil to a depth of 0.05 ... 0.06 m in 2 tracks Vegetative watering Modern sprinklers 3rd decade of April or 1st decade of May With a decrease in soil in the layer 0 ... 0.6 m to 70% HB. Irrigation rate of 500 ... 600 m ³ / ha. Grass mowing KDP-4; KRN-2.1; KS-F-2,1-B May 2 or 3 Cutting height 0.06 ... 0.08 m Herbicide treatment Tractor sprayers June 1 decade As the mass appearance of annual weeds. The herbicide 2,4-D amine salt at a dose of 1.5-2.0 kg / ha or butyl ether at a dose of 0.8 ... 1.0 kg / ha. Vegetation irrigation Sprinkling equipment Following the mowing (Dec 2-3, May) With a decrease in soil moisture in the layer 0 ... 0.6 m to 70% HB. Irrigation rate of 500 ... 600 m ³ / ha. Mowing and harvesting grass for hay KPS-5G; PRP-1,6 2-3 Dec June When the height of the grass stand is 0.5 ... 0.6 m. The cutting height is 0.06 ... 0.08 m. Watering (moisture recharging) Sprinkling equipment After hay To improve the conditions of regrowth and shoot formation. 1st watering, taking into account the soil moisture in the 0-60 cm layer formed after haying, according to the design norm. Subsequent watering with a decrease in humidity in the layer of 0-60 cm 70% HB. Irrigation rate 500 ... 600 m ³ / ha. 3rd year of life Nitrogen dressing KSA-3; RTT-4.2; 1-RMG-4 During spring shoot formation, Dec 3 April - Dec 1 May. To increase the energy of shoot formation, N _45.60. Harrowing ZBZS-1.0 SP - 16 1 decade of April In 2 tracks. To remove mortmass and mulch the soil. Vegetation irrigation Sprinkling equipment Beginning Dec 3 April or 1 Dec may With a decrease in soil moisture in the layer of 0-60 cm to 70% HB. Irrigation rate of 500 ... 600 m ³ / ha. Harvesting herbs for seeds KPS-5G, SAMPO, Don-1500 1-2 decade of July Harvesting the canary in the phase of wax ripeness of seeds in a separate way (mowing into rolls KPS-5G with subsequent selection and threshing of the rolls), the height of the cut is 8-10 cm. Harvesting beefless rump, meadow fescue and solonchak wheatgrass in the phase of the beginning of full ripening of seeds in a separate way, height a slice of 8-10 cm; in the phase of full ripeness by direct combining at the maximum possible cutting height.

Claims (1)

The method of cultivation of perennial bluegrass grasses, mainly on the solodized soils of natural estuaries of the Caspian lowland, including the main tillage without turning the formation to a depth of 0.12-0.15 m with preservation of genetic horizons, cutting the upper layer of natural estuary by milling to a depth of 0.08-0 , 10 m to obtain agronomically valuable soil fractions, leveling the surface of the estuary area, surface application of mineral fertilizers with doses of nitrogen of 45 kg a.a. / ha, phosphorus 60 kg a.a. / ha, potassium 60 kg a.a. / ha, presowing floor in, terminations to a depth of 2-3 cm seed meadow fescue, brome, wheatgrass solonchak with fescue seeding rate of 5 × 10 ⁶ pieces of viable seeds per hectare at sowing with aisles 0.15 m and 3.5 × 10 ⁶ pieces / ha sowing with aisles of 0.45 m, rump when sowing with aisles of 0.15 m - 5 · 10 ⁶ germinating seeds / ha and with aisles of 0.45 m - 2 · 10 ⁶ pieces / ha, wheat grass with aisles of 0.15 m - 4.5 · 10 ⁶ units / ha and with a row spacing of 0.45 m, the sowing rate is reduced to 2.5 · 10 ⁶ units of germinating seeds per ha with a depth of seeding of cane cane seeds at a depth of 0.01 m with a sowing rate of 8 · 10 ⁶ pieces / with aisles and 0.15 m between rows and 0.45 - 5 × 10 ⁶ pieces of viable seeds per hectare posleposevnoe compacting, suppression of weed herbicide 2,4-D at a dose of 1.5-2.0 kg / ha or butyl ether in a dose of 0.8-1.0 kg / ha, nitrogen fertilizing in the second year of life of bluegrass plants to increase tillering energy at a rate of 45 kg ai / ha, two-track harrowing to destroy the soil crust in a layer of 0.05 -0.06 m, vegetative irrigation with sprinkling at the norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha to maintain a humidity threshold of 70% HB in the 0-0.6 m layer, mowing grass on hay in the second and third decades of May at a cutting height of 0.06-0.08 m, as annual weeds appear, treatment with 2,4-D herbicides with a norm of 1.5-2.0 kg / ha or butyl ether with a dose of 0.8-1.0 kg / ha following mowing, vegetation irrigation with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha with a decrease in soil moisture in a layer of 0-0.6 m, hay harvesting, after completion of haying vegetation irrigation with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha to maintain a moisture threshold of 70% HB in the layer 0-0.6 m, in the third year of plant life during the spring shoot formation, nitrogen top dressing with a dose of 45-60 kg ai / ha in the third decade of April - the first decade of May, mul cultivation of the topsoil in the first decade of April by double-harrowing and stubble removal, vegetation irrigation with a norm of 500-600 m ³ / ha from the third decade of April - the first decade of May to maintain a moisture threshold of 70% HB in the 0-0.6 m layer, Separate harvesting of canary seeds in the phase of their wax ripeness, harvesting of seeds of beechless rump, meadow fescue and solonchak wheat grass - in the full ripeness phase, characterized in that the pre-sowing irrigation is carried out by sprinkling at a rate of 200-250 m ³ / ha to maintain 0-0 in the layer , 2 m humidity threshold 70% HB for improved According to the conditions of seed germination, in the second and third years of plant life, before each vegetative irrigation, a vertical cutting of the bluegrass roots is carried out in the direction of the diagonal of the rectangular section, and during the second and subsequent vegetative irrigation, the cutting is carried out parallel to the other diagonal, each cutting is performed with knives 6-8 mm thick to a depth of 0.15-0.18 m in increments of 0.4-0.5 m.