RU2655845C1 - Method of increase of the fertility of soil in the rice crop rotation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of rice. Method comprises sowing soybean seeds treated with "Rizotorfin" in rice rotation by alternating with rice for any number of years. In this case, before sowing, soybean seeds are treated with a working solution consisting of the preparation "Rizotorfin" in an amount not exceeding 180 ml and the growth regulator "Melafen" in an amount not exceeding 1 ml per 1 liter of non-chlorinated water, and the treatment of soybean plants in the branching phase is carried out with an aqueous solution of the growth regulator "Melafen" with a concentration of 10^-9 % in an amount of 5 ml per 200 l/ha aqueous solution. After harvesting the soybean, its stubble remains are plowed into the soil.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase soil fertility in rice crop rotation.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of rice, and may find application in increasing soil fertility in rice crop rotation.

It is known to treat plants, in particular rice and soybeans, with an aqueous solution of Melafen growth stimulant at a concentration of 10 ^-6 -10 ^-9 g / l (RF Patents No. 2390984, 2354106, CL A01C 1/00, 2010, 2009) to increase germination energy seed germination and yield.

The closest technical solution is a technology that includes sowing soybean seeds treated with the Rizotorfin preparation in a rice crop rotation by alternating with rice any number of years (https://refdb.ru/look/2491829-pall.html - Section II, paragraph 3).

A disadvantage of the known technology is the insufficient increase in soil fertility, since not all biological resources of soy, which are expressed in the number of nodule bacteria, are used, due to which soy has the best reclamation properties and repair culture among legumes and other rice predecessors.

The technical result is to increase soil fertility in rice crop rotation.

The technical result is achieved in that in a method of increasing soil fertility in rice crop rotation, including sowing soybean seeds treated with the preparation “Rizotorfin” in rice crop rotation by alternating with rice any number of years, according to the invention, before sowing, soybean seeds are treated with a working solution consisting of the preparation “ Rizotorfin "in an amount of not more than 180 ml and growth regulator" Melafen "in an amount of not more than 1 ml per 1 liter of non-chlorinated water, and soybean plants in the branching phase are treated with water thief of the growth regulator Melafen with a concentration of 10 ^-9 % in the amount of 5 ml per 200 l / ha of an aqueous solution, while after harvesting soy its crop residues are plowed into the soil.

The novelty of the proposed method is due to the fact that due to the combined treatment of soybean seeds and the plant itself in the branching phase, followed by sowing the soybean crop residues, all biological soybean resources are used, namely, obtaining the largest number of nodule bacteria, which contributes to soil improvement from nitrogen accumulation for soybean itself, but also for subsequent crops, stabilization of redox processes, increased yield per hectare.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The inventive method is recommended for use in agriculture to increase soil fertility in rice crop rotation, which meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

A method of increasing soil fertility in rice crop rotation is as follows.

Before sowing, soybean seeds are treated with a working solution consisting of Rizotorfin in an amount of not more than 180 ml and Melafen growth regulator in an amount of not more than 1 ml per 1 liter of non-chlorinated water, and soybean plants in the branching phase are treated with an aqueous solution growth regulator "Melafen" with a concentration of 10 ^-9 % with a flow rate of an aqueous solution of 200 l / ha, while after harvesting soybean, its crop residues are plowed into the soil. If the drug "Rizotorfin" is taken in an amount of more than 180 ml or less, then the maximum number of nodule bacteria will not be obtained, namely 180 ml of the drug is the optimal amount in order to obtain their maximum number. As for the growth regulator "Melafen", its use in an amount of 1 ml per 1 liter when processing seeds and in an amount of 5 ml per 200 l / ha of an aqueous solution when processing soybeans in the branching phase ensures the maximum development of nodule bacteria, if you take the amount of "Melafen “More or less, then their development will be inhibited. To maximize the biological resources of soybeans, its crop residues are plowed into the soil.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of increasing soil fertility in rice crop rotation

The method consists in pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a solution of the drug Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % concentration) together with the inoculant - Rizotorfin (1/2 of the recommended dose) and plants with a solution of the drug Melafen (1⋅10 ^-9 % concentration). The flow rate of the working solution is 10 l per 1 ton of seeds, on plants - 200 l / ha.

рекомендованной дозы). В контрольном варианте семена сои не обрабатывались указанными выше препаратами.As a reference, a typical technology in which the use of an inoculant is a mandatory technique, the drug (inoculant) Risotorfin (two options - a full dose and

recommended dose). In the control variant, soybean seeds were not treated with the above preparations.

Soya makes high demands on the supply of its nutrients. As a bean culture, it is able to assimilate nitrogen from the air through symbiosis with nodule bacteria (A.Y. Barchukova. Use of new drugs for inoculation of soybean seeds / A.Ya. Barchukova, E.Sh. Gabibullaev, T.V. Tsikunkova, V.Yu. Khrenovsky // Agriculture, 2010. - No. 3. - S. 26-27).

The effectiveness of bean-rhizobial symbiosis depends on the size and activity of the symbiotic apparatus, which is estimated by the number and weight of active nodules on average per plant (Kretovich A.V. Molecular mechanisms of nitrogen fixation of the atmosphere / A.V. Kretovich, Z.G. Evstigneeva, N.P. Lvov // Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1972. - No. 3. - S. 38-46).

The process of nitrogen fixation of legumes is also significantly affected by some growth regulators. Thus, in the experiment (Bishonoi NR Effect of waterlogging and gibberellic acid on nodulation, and nitrogen fixation in chicpea / NR Bishnoi, NK Krishnamoorty // Haryana. Agr. Univ. J. Res. - Vol. 21. - No. 4. - P . 276-279) treatment of seeds with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 10 mg / l contributed to an increase in the number of nodules and the content of legoglobin in them, and also weakened the effect of stress due to adverse weather conditions. Indolylacetic acid (IAA) and manganese had a weak effect on the number of nodules, but stimulated an increase in their mass.

An increase in the number and mass of active nodules on the roots of each legume plant is facilitated by seed treatment with certain microelements and plant growth regulators.

To confirm the increase in the number and mass of active nodules using the proposed method, to strengthen the fixation of nitrogen in the air and to increase its accumulation in plants, we used two methods: field - setting the experience taking into account various combinations of standard technology (Rizotorfin preparation) and the claimed preparation (Melafen, Melafen + Risotorfin); indirect - by determining the number and mass of nodule bacteria in the context of strains (active, inactive and inactive); by the size of the crop and accounting for the costs of obtaining it.

Example 1. The action of the proposed method was studied when setting the field experiment according to the scheme:

- Control - without treatment of seeds and plants;

- Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % solution) - seed treatment;

дозы) - обработка семян;- Risotorfin (

doses) - seed treatment;

- Risotorfin (full dose) - seed treatment;

дозы) + Мелафен (1⋅10^-7% раствор) - обработка семян;- Risotorfin (

doses) + Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % solution) - seed treatment;

- Risotorfin (full dose) + Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % solution) - seed treatment;

дозы) + Мелафен (1⋅10^-7% раствор) - обработка семян + Мелафен (1⋅0^-9% раствор) - обработка растений в фазе ветвления;- Risotorfin (

doses) + Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % solution) - seed treatment + Melafen (1⋅0 ^-9 % solution) - treatment of plants in the branching phase;

- Risotorfin (full dose) + Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % solution) - seed treatment + Melafen (1⋅10 ^-9 % solution) - processing plants in the branching phase;

The flow rate of the working solution during seed treatment is 10 l / t, plants - 200 l / ha.

The largest number of nodule bacteria in soybean plants is formed by the flowering phase, during this period plant samples were taken to determine the number and mass of nodule bacteria.

Example 2. The effect of the proposed method on the intensity of the formation of nodule bacteria in soy

A greater number of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots is formed by inoculation of seeds (Barchukova A.Ya., Gabibullaeva E.Sh., Tsikunkova T.V., Khrenovsky V.Yu., 2010). In soybean plants without seed inoculation, the number of nodules was three times less than in the inoculant variants.

The data of table 1 show that in all experimental variants the development efficiency of the nitrogen-fixing apparatus significantly exceeded that of the control variant. In the experimental variants, a larger number of nodules was formed (17.7-28.8 pcs., In the control 14.2 pcs.) And their total mass (249.00-566.92, in the control - 226.00 g).

As noted above, the formation of nodules can be activated by treating the seeds before inoculant sowing. The results obtained are in good agreement with the above. In the variants with seed treatment with Rizotorfin, the total number of nodules increased significantly in relation to the control (18.8-19.1, in the control - 14.2 pcs.), But their fractional composition significantly depended on the dose of the drug. So, when using 1/2 dose of Risotorfin, a larger number of transitional forms of nodule bacteria (14.0 pcs.) And a smaller number of active nodule bacteria (5.1 pcs.) Were formed than when using the full dose (11.4 pcs. And 7 , 4 pieces respectively). It should be noted that in the second embodiment, the number of active species increased and the number of transitional forms of nodule bacteria decreased.

The test drug Melafen has a wide range of functional activity. As a phytoregulator, it creates the prerequisites for enhanced mineral nutrition of plants, positively affecting the energy balance of plant cells, accelerates metabolic processes, and enhances the nitrogen metabolism of plants. On this basis, like other growth regulators (albite, agrostimulin, emistim C). Melafen enhances autotrophic nitrogen nutrition of soy. So, in the variant with seed treatment with Melafen, nodule bacteria formed by mass significantly more than in the control and in the variants using Rizotorfin (1/2 dose and full dose) - 353.31 mg / plant (226.00 - in the control, 249 , 84 and 290.21 mg - 1/2 and the full dose of Risotorfin, respectively). The average weight of active nodules exceeded that in the variants using Rizotorfin (35.39 mg, 1/2 dose - 32.60 mg, full dose - 29.79 mg). It should be noted that the average mass of transitional nodule bacteria exceeds that of Rizotorfin variants (8.88 mg Melafen, 5.97 and 6.12 mg Rizotorfin in half and full doses, respectively), as well as active nodules ( 35.39 mg, 32.60 and 29.79 mg, respectively).

It was also established that the treatment of soybean seeds before sowing the drug Melafen mixed with Rizotorfin significantly activates the formation of nodule bacteria. At the same time, their mass increases with increasing dose of Rizotorfin (at 1/2 dose - 379.94 mg, full dose - 490.13 mg, in control - 226.00 mg / plant).

However, the total number and weight of nodules in a soybean plant increases to a greater extent in the cases with seed treatment with a mixture of Melafen (10 ^-7 % rd) and Rizotorfin (1/2 and the full dose) and sequential treatment of soybean plants in the branching phase with a solution of Melafen concentration 1⋅10 ^-9% (28,8 and 27.4 units 559.11 and 566.92 mg / plant, in the control -. 14.2 pcs and 226,00 mg, respectively.). Moreover, in these options, the proportion of the active form of nodule bacteria significantly increases (42.4% and 59.1%, in the control - 26.8%). Considering that larger nodules are most active, it is in these variants that the effectiveness of bean-rhizobial symbiosis is maximal.

Example 3. The effect of the proposed method on the soybean yield and cost reduction for its production.

Strengthening the formation and functioning of the symbiotic system (example 2) using the proposed method can be considered as a kind of phytopharmacology, which facilitates production processes and increases productivity while reducing costs by reducing the dose of the inoculant.

The choice of the most effective method is ultimately determined by the size of the crop (Table 2). Based on the data obtained, the highest yield (24.5 c / ha, in the control - 21.1 c / ha) was obtained in the variant in which the seeds were treated with Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % solution) together with Rizotorfin (1 / 2 doses) and subsequent processing of plants in the branching phase with a solution of Melafen in a concentration of 1-10 ^-9 %. The yield increase in this variant was 16.1%.

The profitability of any agricultural crop largely depends not only on the size of the crop, but also on the cost savings for its production. When using the recommended technique in soybean cultivation technology (treatment of seeds with a mixture of drugs - Melafen (1⋅10 ^-7 % solution) and Rizotorfin (1/2 dose) and subsequent processing of plants in the branching phase with Melafen solution at a concentration of 1⋅10 ^-9 %, a significant reduction in the cost of using the tested drugs turned out to be. Reducing the dose of Rizotorfin halved the costs (per 1 ha) from 470 rubles to 235 rubles, and taking into account the cost of Melafen (seeds + plants - 38 rubles / ha) - by 197 rubles / ha. This is a very tangible saving for each farm.

дозы) и растений препаратом Мелафен (1-10^-9% раствор) в фазу ветвления можно рассматривать как способ усиления процесса формирования азотфиксирующих клубеньков на корнях сои, особенно активной формы. Это подтверждается данными урожайности (прибавка - 16,1%) и экономической эффективностью (сокращение затрат на обработку семян на 197 руб./га, вследствие уменьшения дозы Ризоторфина вдвое).Thus, the application of the proposed method is the processing of soybean seeds before sowing the drug Melafen (1-10 ^-7 % solution) together with the inoculant (Rizotorfin -

doses) and plants with Melafen (1-10 ^-9 % solution) in the branching phase can be considered as a way to enhance the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean roots, especially the active form. This is confirmed by yield data (increase - 16.1%) and economic efficiency (reduction of seed treatment costs by 197 rubles / ha, due to a half-dose reduction of Rizotorfin).

Claims (1)

A method of increasing soil fertility in rice crop rotation, including sowing soybean seeds treated with the Rizotorfin preparation in rice crop rotation by alternating with rice any number of years, characterized in that before sowing the soybean seeds are treated with a working solution consisting of the Rizotorfin preparation in an amount of not more than 180 ml and Melafen growth regulator in an amount of not more than 1 ml per 1 liter of non-chlorinated water, and soybean plants in the branching phase are treated with an aqueous solution of Melafen growth regulator with a concentration of s 10 ^9% in an amount of 5 ml per 200 l / ha of aqueous solution, wherein after harvesting soybeans its crop residues are plowed into the soil.