RU2390984C1 - Method for soya seeds oil content increase - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: soya seeds are being treated by water solution of Melaphen growth regulator before sowing.

EFFECT: use of Melaphen in concentration from 1·10^-4-1·10^-9 grams per litre increases viability and germinating ability of the seeds, crop yield and oil content in the yield seeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method for increasing the oil content of soybean seeds.

It is known that ways to increase the yield of agricultural (oilseed) crops often lead to a decrease in the quality indicators of seeds, and an increase in the oil content of seeds is achieved mainly by selection [V.S. Pustovoit. Selected Works. - M. IN "Agropromizdat." 1990. - S. 319].

Methods of soybean cultivation in the drip irrigation system are described, which allow to increase the yield and oil content of soybean seeds [RU 2349067, publ. 03/20/2009, RU 2354092, publ. 05/10/2009]. The result is achieved due to a complex system of agricultural techniques, including multiple dressing with five microelements in large doses (from 100 to 1000 g / ha each microelement).

To obtain high and stable yields of agricultural crops, it is necessary to introduce highly effective plant growth regulators that meet modern requirements of technology and environmental protection. (Shevelukha R.S. Plant growth and its regulation in ontogenesis. M., Kolos, 1992). However, some of these substances are expensive, while others have not been widely used due to insufficient stability, insolubility in water or relatively high toxicity (e.g. auxins).

The synthetic plant growth and development regulator Melafen is a melamine salt of bis (oxymethyl) phosphinic acid (RF Patent 2158735, publ. 2000.11.10). The drug has low toxicity - LD ₅₀ 2000 mg / kg in mice, 6000 mg / kg in rats. Melafen’s influence on the germination energy and germination of seeds, on increasing the yield and quality of products of spring wheat, winter rye and potatoes is known. However, the possibility of using Melafen in soybean cultivation is unknown.

The development of new ways to improve the quality of soybean seeds without reducing (while maintaining) the yield is an urgent task.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of the soybean crop, in particular oil content of seeds.

The technical result is achieved by processing soybean seeds before sowing the growth regulator Melafen in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-4 -1 · 10 ^-9 g / l.

The implementation of the invention

Data on the germination of soybean seeds and the intensity of their germination, depending on the treatment before sowing with Melafen solutions of various concentrations, were obtained under laboratory conditions. Data on the effect of Melafen on shaping processes was obtained under field experience in the Timashevsky and Slavic regions of the Krasnodar Territory.

For the experiment, soybean varieties of Villana were used.

The accounting data were subjected to statistical processing using NDS ₀₅ , the smallest significant difference between the control and the experimental variants [B.A.Dospekhov. Methodology of field experience. M. - 1979. S. 293-303].

Scheme and methodology of laboratory experience:

- control - soaking seeds in water,

- experimental options - soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of Melafen in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-3 , 1 · 10 ^-4 , 1 · 10 ^-5 , 1 · 10 ^-6 , 1 · 10 ^-7 , 1 · 10 ^-8 , 1 · 10 ^-9 g / l.

Exposure of seed treatment in water (control) and Melafen solutions of the indicated concentration (experimental versions) - 20 minutes for soy.

Studies were carried out in Petri dishes, a bed for seeds - filter paper. 50 seeds were placed in each dish. Germination energy and seed germination of the studied cultures is determined within the time periods specified in GOST 12038-84, for soybeans for 3 days (germination energy) and 7 days (germination). Seeds were germinated in a thermostat at a temperature of + 25 ° C. The repetition of the experiments is 4-fold. On the day the seed germination was determined, the length of the sprouts and roots was measured and the wet weight (biomass) of the roots and sprouts and, after drying, the dry weight were weighed.

results

The germination rate of soybean seeds and the intensity of their germination, depending on the treatment before sowing with Melafen solutions of various concentrations, are presented in Table 1. From the data in Table 1 it is clear that Melafen has a significant effect on the intensity of seed germination. In this case, the strength of the effect of the drug on the germination process largely depends on the concentration of the solution.

For soybean, all test concentrations of the drug cause an increase in the sowing quality of the seeds. The highest values of germination and germination energy, the length of sprouts and roots and their mass (wet and dry per 100 pieces of seedlings) were obtained by processing soybean seeds at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-7 g / l (96.7 and 93.3 %, 7.2 and 5.3 cm, 10.117 and 44.541 g, 0.889 and 10.720 g / 100 pieces of seedlings, against 75.0 and 66.7%, 3.6 and 2.9 cm, 4.209 and 31.501 g , 0.500 and 7.429 g / 100 pieces of seedlings in the control).

Thus, the absolute values presented in table 1 indicators significantly depend on the concentration of the solution of the drug Melafen. The highest values of these indicators were noted when treating soybean seeds with Melafen solution at a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-7 g / l.

Scheme and methodology of field experience

- control - sowing seeds without treatment;

- experimental options - treatment of soybean seeds in an aqueous solution of Melafen in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-7 g / l;

- accounting area of plots - 25 m ² for soybeans;

- repetition of experience - 3-4 times;

- agricultural technology generally accepted in the economy.

Table 1. Effect of soybean seed treatment with Melafen on the rate of germination Melafen concentration, g / l Germination energy,% Germination,% Spine length, cm Sprout length, cm Raw weight, mg / 100 pcs. seedlings Dry weight, mg / 100 pcs. seedlings rootlets sprouts * rootlets sprouts * the control 75.0 66.7 3.6 2.9 4,209 31,501 0,500 7,429 1 · 10 ^-3 78.3 70.7 4.1 3,1 5,334 35,644 0.577 7,795 1 · 10 ^-4 86.7 73.3 4.8 3.8 6,098 38,890 0.636 8,007 1 · 10 ^-5 92.0 78.0 5.1 4.2 7,651 39,501 0.697 8,221 1 · 10 ^-6 91.3 85.7 6.2 4.9 9,402 42,207 0.780 9,400 1 · 10 ^-7 96.7 93.3 7.2 5.3 10,117 44,541 0.889 10,720 1 · 10 ^-8 91.7 84.7 5.8 4.2 8,004 41,000 0.776 8,356 1 · 10 ^-9 87.6 80.0 4.1 4.0 6,211 37,564 0.582 7,933 NDS _0.5 0.2 0.1 0.252 1,297 0,035 0.298 Note * - mass of sprouts in cotyledons

Before harvesting, plant samples are collected from each repetition: for soybeans, 25 plants each (plant height, number of branches, number of beans and seeds, mass of beans and seeds, oil content).

Soybean yield was determined by the actually harvested seed shaft from each repetition.

The data obtained were processed by the method of analysis of variance according to B.A. Dospekhov.

Soybean Shaping

The versatile use of soy for food, feed and technical purposes requires the search for ways to increase yield and seed quality. The elements of the structure of the soybean crop are: the number of branches, beans, seeds and their mass. The size of the crop depends on the intensity of development of each of these elements. From the data in table 2 it can be seen that the treatment of soybean seeds before sowing Melafen enhances plant growth in height (90.9 cm, in the control - 87.2 cm), the branching process (1.6 versus 1.3 pcs / plant in the control) and the formation of beans (38.2 pcs. / plant, in the control - 35.8).

The formation of a larger number of beans and seeds in the experimental version determines an increase in soybean yield (Table 3). The yield increase with Melafen is 19.3%.

The most important features characterizing the quality of soybean seeds are the size of the seeds (weight 1000 pieces), as well as their oil content. As can be seen from the data in table 4, in the experimental version, larger seeds were formed (weight of 1000 seeds - 163.9 g, in the control - 158.0 g) with a higher oil content (22.9%, in the control - 21.7% ) Oil harvest increased by 0.10 t / ha or 24.4% of the control.

Thus, the method of presowing treatment of soybean seeds using the drug Melafen leads to an increase in energy

Table 2. Melafen's influence on the formation of structural elements of soybean crop Option Plant height, cm Quantity, pcs / plant Weight, g / plant branches bean seed bean seed the stalk The control 87.8 1.3 35.8 75.1 28.70 12.16 9.15 Melafen 90.9 1,6 38,2 82.6 31.77 14.14 11.59 NDS ₀₅ 3,1 0.05 1,2 2.7 1,07 0.46 0.35

Table 3 The influence of Melafen on soybean productivity. Option Productivity, t / ha Increase in control c / ha % The control 18.7 Melafen 22.3 3.6 19.3 NDS ₀₅ 1,0

Table 4 The influence of Melafen on the quality of soybean seeds. Option The mass of 1000 seeds, g Oil content,% Oil collection t / ha The control 158.0 21.7 0.41 Melafen 163.9 22.9 0.51 NDS ₀₅ 5,6 0.02

germination and germination of seeds, yield and oil content of soybean seeds at very low concentrations of the drug (1 · 10 ^-6 g / l, 1 · 10 ^-7 g / l). Given the low cost of the drug and the high effect on this crop, the use of the drug Melafen in the pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds is economically justified.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the oil content of soybean seeds in the crop, which consists in the fact that the soybean seeds used for sowing are treated with a growth regulator Melafen in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-4 -1 · 10 ^-9 g / l.