RU2444880C2 - Method of weed vegetation control during cultivation of corn - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to crop husbandry and can be used for cultivation of corn. The technical solution is that the herbicide of systemic action shears-turbo in an amount of 50-60 g/ha is dissolved in water, after which the biologic Baykal EM-1 is added into the aqueous solution in the ratio 1:10, and with the corn plantings are treated with the mixture in phase of 5-6 leaves. At that, only aqueous solutions are mixed and sprayed to plantings without delay.

EFFECT: method enables during one agronomic practice to reduce weediness of plantings, to increase yield of corn grain and its quality.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of corn.

A known method of combating weeds, which apply contact and selective action herbicides (Bezuglov VG "Use of herbicides in intensive agriculture", Agropromizdat. 1988. 104 S.).

However, the introduced herbicides do not completely destroy the weeds, since they are planted in the soil before sowing or applied in the phase of 3-5 corn leaves. In this case, only annual dicotyledonous weeds perish.

There is also known a method of controlling weeds, when a few days before sowing corn, an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate is introduced to stimulate the growth of early weeds, and after their appearance, the herbicide is applied (patent No. 2057418, АВВ 79/02, А01М 21/00, published on 10.04. 1996).

The disadvantage of this method is that the application of the herbicide roundup (4-5 kg / ha) will pollute the environment, affecting the microflora of the soil. The introduced herbicide does not completely destroy perennial weeds (wheat grass, sow thistle, humate, etc.) that have a root shoot system and adversely affect the microflora of the soil.

The closest technical solution is the method in which the herbicide is applied in autumn under autumn plowing, and in the spring, half the dose of roundup herbicide is mixed with biofertilizers (potassium humate) in an amount of 2-3 kg / ha (patent No. 2267245, А01В 79/02, A01 No. 25/32, published on January 10, 2006)

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that when applying potassium humate containing humic acids, the soil is not sufficiently enriched with microorganisms, and, as a result, the decomposition of root residues is slowed down, the access of nutrients to plants and the productivity of the cultivated crop are reduced. In addition, the introduced mixture does not sufficiently reduce the weediness of crops, especially perennial weeds.

The technical result of this method is to increase the productivity of corn plants, improve the microbiological processes of the soil and reduce weediness of crops.

The technical solution of the claimed method lies in the fact that the secateurs-turbo herbicide in an amount of 50-60 g / ha is dissolved in water, after which the Baikal EM-1 biological product is introduced into the aqueous solution in a ratio of 1:10 and the corn crops are processed in the phase 5 phase -6 leaves.

The method is as follows.

In the area where corn is planned to be sown, autumn plowing is performed. In the spring, to stimulate the germination of early weeds, an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate is introduced and, 6-7 days after their appearance, the secateurs-turbo herbicide are introduced in half dose (1.5-2 l / ha) in a mixture with potassium humate (as in the prototype). Such an agricultural technique before sowing allows you to clean the field of early weeds.

In contrast to the prototype, in this technical solution, a turbo sector of 50-60 g / ha is additionally added to the phase of 5-6 corn leaves. Unlike the well-known agricultural method (to introduce such a herbicide in the phase of 3-5 leaves), the processing of crops in this technical solution is carried out somewhat later, since most of the weeds were destroyed before sowing. Later weeds begin to germinate by this period.

Due to the fact that the used secateurs are turbo-toxic and acts on soil biota, the Baikal EM-1 biological product is introduced into the aqueous solution of the herbicide in a ratio of 1:10. This ratio is justified by the fact that under normal conditions, this biological product is used in a ratio of 1: 100. Given that the prepared aqueous solution has a volume of 400-450 l, the concentration of Baikal EM-1 is reduced.

Secateurs-turbo (oil dispersion) contains: iodosulfuron - methyl sodium + amidosulfuron + mefenter-diethyl (antidate).

The composition of the herbicide allows, within a few hours after treatment, to stop the growth of the most sensitive weeds, which cease their activity in 5-7 days and die 2–3 weeks after spraying.

When preparing tank mixtures with a biological product, in order to avoid the death of microorganisms, the secateurs-turbo herbicide is first dissolved in water, and then Baikal EM-1 is added in a ratio of 1:10.

The mixture is used immediately after receiving the solution of the tank mixture.

The Baikal EM-1 biological product is quickly included in the metabolic process at the cellular level, activates and normalizes biological processes, affects the formation of chlorophyll and the intake of mineral salts by inhibiting the growth of weeds. Biobacteria (about 80 species) of the Baikal EM-1 preparation that entered the soil activate oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation, nucleic metabolism, and changes in the properties of cell membranes.

The antidote contained in the herbicide (mefenpyr + diethyl) helps to neutralize poisons on the way to the movement of bacteria, Baikal EM-1 stimulates the biogenic formation of biological target reducers, and helps to remove poisons from organisms.

Under the influence of a biological product, the herbicide decomposes faster in the soil, which reduces its accumulation in the corn culture.

Under the influence of microorganisms that enter the soil with the help of a biological product, the entry of the herbicide into the corn plant is reduced.

The combined application of the herbicide and bacterial fertilizer reduces the cost of cultivating corn.

Example 1. A plot of 20 ha was littered with weeds: white gauze, field yarok, highlander bindweed, shepherd’s bag, wild radish and others. Secateurs-turbo herbicide in the amount of 50 g was dissolved in a hectare rate of water (400-450 l). In the resulting aqueous medium was added biological product Baikal EM-1 in an amount of 100 g per 10 liters of water. The resulting mixture was sprayed with corn crops in the phase of 3-5 leaves.

Example 2. In the area reserved for corn, in the early spring, an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate was added. After the appearance of weeds, after 7-8 days, the roundup herbicide was introduced in an amount of 1.5-2 l / ha. Then corn was sown and in a phase of 5-6 leaves a mixture of herbicide and biological product Baikal EM-1 was introduced, as in the first example.

Thus, a systemic herbicide mixed with a biological product can simultaneously reduce the weediness of crops and preserve soil microflora.

The results are summarized in table.

Experiment Options Harvest grain corn, t / ha The protein content in the grain,% The number of weeds, pcs / 1m ² Secateurs-turbo herbicide in the phase of 3-5 leaves 4.6 9.6 fourteen Secateurs-turbo herbicide in the phase of 5-6 leaves 4.2 9.2 12 Herbicide secateurs-turbo + biological product Baikal EM-1 5,6 10,2 10 Biological product Baikal EM-1 4.8 11.0 19 Prototype 5.2 10.8 8 The sequential introduction of the biological product Baikal EM-1 in an aqueous solution of the herbicide (proposed) 6.4 11.0 5

Claims (1)

A method of combating weeds during the cultivation of corn, comprising applying systemic herbicides in a mixture with a biological product in a certain development phase, characterized in that the secateurs-turbo herbicide in an amount of 50-60 g / ha are dissolved in water, after which a biological product is introduced into the aqueous solution Baikal EM-1 in a ratio of 1:10 and the resulting mixture is processed corn crops in the phase of 5-6 leaves.