RU2726990C1 - Method for reduction of maize crops weed infestation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to plant growing, and can be used in weed control in maize cultivation. Maize crops weed infestation reduction method consists in the fact that prior to maize sowing, when processing the soil, growth regulators are added with ammonium nitrate in 10 % concentration of aqueous solution with additional introduction of 0.2 % solution of Nikfan biopreparation. After weedy vegetation appears, spray it with Trophy-90 herbicide, and in phase of 5-6 leaves of cultivated culture, Tornado 500 glyphosate-containing herbicide is sprayed in half dose, covering the spacing with a layer of zeolite-containing clay of alanite in amount of 4–5 t/ha.

EFFECT: proposed method for reduction of maize crops weed infestation reduces toxic load on agroecosystem, improves soil fertility and increases productivity of cultivated crop.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant growing, and can be used in the cultivation of corn.

There is a known method in which a complex of herbicides, fertilizers and growth regulators is used to control weeds (patent No. 2533288, published on July 20, 2014, bull. No. 20, IPC A01N 25/02)

However, the known method is rather complicated, since the ingredients introduced into the composition of the herbicidal mixture increase the cost of implementing the technical solution.

There is also known a method where weeds are reduced using a herbicidal composition from the group of glyphosates, which contains amino acids and ammonium nitrate with the addition of a mixture of water-soluble acids (patent 2584434, published 05/20/2016, bull. No. 14, IPC A01N 33/00, A01N 25/32, A01P 13/00.

The known method is also complicated, and the applied doses of glyphosate are toxic to the soil microflora.

A technical solution is known in which a tank mixture of continuous herbicides is prepared, where ammonium nitrate, amino acids and dichlorophenylacetic acid are introduced (patent No. 2681569, published 03/11/2019, bull. No. 8, IPC A01N 25/02, A01N 57/10, A01P 13 / 00)

The known technical solution is toxic to the environment. With the introduction of such a composition, the amount of useful microflora in the soil decreases, and some beneficial insects die.

The closest technical solution is a method in which weeds are fought in the autumn before autumn plowing, stimulation of their growth and successive destruction before sowing, (patent 2267245, published 01.10.2006, bull. No. 1, IPC А01В 79/02, A01N 25/32).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that twice the toxic herbicide Roundup is introduced in autumn and spring, which negatively affects the soil microflora, reducing its fertility. Late-maturing weeds are not completely destroyed.

The technical result is to reduce weediness and maintain soil fertility.

The technical solution of the declared object is that before sowing corn during soil cultivation, growth regulators of ammonium nitrate in a concentration of 10% aqueous solution are added with an additional introduction of a 0.2% solution of the biological product Nikfan and after the appearance of weeds, they are sprayed with the Trophy-90 herbicide, and in the phase - 5-6 leaves of the cultivated crop are sprayed with a glyphosate-containing herbicide Tornado 500 in a half dose, covering the row spacing with a layer of zeolite-containing alanite clay in the amount of 4-5 t / ha

The method is carried out as follows.

Biological product Nikfan enhances substances, including phytohormones (cytokinins, auxins, as well as components containing humic substances), which ensure the stability of the drug's properties during the guaranteed shelf life. The observed biological effects of exposure to a biological product in a mixture with nitrogen fertilizer, in contrast to the prototype method, accelerate the process of germination of weeds. Nikfan preparation in a concentration of 0.1% aqueous solution achieves high efficiency when applied to the soil together with ammonium nitrate, providing stimulation of weed development.

After the emergence of weeds, the area is sprayed with Trophy 90 herbicide, the active ingredient of which is acetochlor from the chemical class of chloroacetomide. Effective against annual and perennial weeds. The effect of the herbicide on sprouted weeds is manifested quite quickly - 2-3 days after spraying.

On the field cleared of weeds, the field is cultivated for sowing corn, loosening the soil and sowing corn. After the appearance of weeds in the aisles of corn in the phase of 506 leaves, the site is treated with a herbicide from the glyphosate group (isopropylamine salt), a derivative of glycine (phosphonic acid). Systemic herbicide for many types of weeds. It penetrates into weeds through leaves and other green parts and is carried through all organs of the weeds, reaching their root system. Tornado-500 blocks fully growing weeds. Substantiation of the parameters of the signs of 10% ammonium nitrate and the biological product Nikfan in a concentration of 0.1% are substantiated by the recommended and experimental data in a joint combination of the proposed species for a new application. 1-2 days after treatment, the aisles are covered with a layer of Alanite clay.

Alanite - zeolite-containing clay contains (%): silicon -49, -51; aluminum 14-16, iron - 4-6, calcium 30-32, potassium - 0.07, phosphorus - 0.36, nitrogen - 0.36, manganese - 0.04, sulfur - 0.98, magnesium - 1.6, as well as trace elements - zinc, copper, cobalt, and others (in the range of 0.1-0.8). The reaction of the medium is alkaline (RN-8.64). Like all zeolites, alanite has low fluid loss (3%), high heat capacity (coefficient -0.34) and high sorption capacity to absorb toxic elements.

The introduced zeolite-containing clay Alanit reduces tension and stress in the development of corn plants, providing it with nutrients, and at the same time, under the clay layer, weeds develop poorly, moisture and sufficient heat capacity are preserved for the complete death and decomposition of organic matter of dead weeds. Such a dose of clay (4-5 t / ha) provides a 2-3 cm layer of row spacing, thereby reducing the toxicity of the environment, and has a beneficial effect on the soil microflora. The results of the experiment are summarized in the table.

Example. At the beginning of April, when weeds begin to germinate on the site planned for corn, ammonium nitrate is applied to the treated soil in an amount of 20 kg per 200 liters of water. To this volume, an aqueous solution of 2 ml of Nikfan biological product per 10 liters of water is added. This water mixture is sprayed on a 1 hectare plot. After 10-15 days, weeds appear, which are destroyed with the Trophy 90 herbicide. Then the site is treated with a continuous cultivator, embedding the dead weeds into the soil. In the first decade of May (the optimal time for sowing corn), sowing is carried out and in the phase of 5-6 leaves of corn, they are sprayed with the herbicide Tornado-500 in an amount of 250 g / l (half dose), after which the aisles are covered with a layer of zeolite-containing clay Alanit in the amount of 4-5 tons / ha by a mounted RUN-1 fertilizer spreader or A 116 unit designed for surface fertilization.

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that when using the proposed method, it is possible to significantly reduce weed vegetation, reduce the toxic load on the environment, improve soil fertility and the productivity of the cultivated crop.

Claims (1)

A method of reducing weed infestation in corn crops, including preliminary stimulation of weed germination before sowing, their removal with herbicides, characterized in that before corn sowing during soil cultivation, growth regulators of ammonium nitrate in a concentration of 10% aqueous solution are added with the additional introduction of 0.2% solution of the biological product Nikfan and after the appearance of weeds, they are sprayed with the Trophy-90 herbicide, and in the phase of 5-6 leaves of the cultivated crop, they are sprayed with the glyphosate-containing herbicide Tornado 500 in a half dose, covering the row spacing with a layer of zeolite-containing clay alanite in the amount of 4-5 t / ha.