RU2584434C2 - Herbicidal composition and method of obtaining efficiency of herbicide effect based on glyphosate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to herbicidal compositions for fighting undesirable vegetation. Composition contains solution of herbicide, selected from the group of glyphosphates, and composition, increasing herbicide efficiency. Composition contains mixture of water-soluble amino acids and ammonium nitrate. Composition components include L-2-amino-2-methyl-mercaptobutyric acid (a), L-α-diaminocaproic acid (b) and L-β-phenyl-α-aminopropionic acid (c) with the following ratio (a):(b):(c)-(2-3):(1-2):(1-2). Increased efficiency of herbicide effect is realised by introduction of herbicide into tank mixture in dose 0.8-1.2 l/ha, addition of mixture of water-soluble acids in dose 6-16 g/ha and ammonium nitrate in dose 2 kg/ha. Consumption of working liquid constitutes 200 l/ha.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of herbicide absorption by weeds and reduction of norm of herbicide consumption are provided.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to means for combating unwanted vegetation by adding components to the herbicide based on glyphosate that increase the effectiveness of the herbicide.

Weed plants steadily occupy first place in terms of the harmful effect on the crop of crop plants. It is known that in order to reduce weediness, multiple cultivations are used, which, if applied incorrectly, worsen the soil structure and increase soil erosion. Also, to combat a wide range of annual and perennial weeds and undesirable tree-shrub vegetation, systemic herbicides of general destructive action are used.

However, in modern intensive agricultural technologies without surface tillage or with minimal surface tillage, it is especially important to use herbicidal compositions that can effectively destroy weeds and reduce the negative impact on agrobiocenoses, as well as minimize the accumulation of residual amounts of dangerous herbicides in the soil.

Herbicides for which the claimed composition can be used are a well-known class of glyphosate-based herbicides, for example Roundup or Glyphos®. These herbicides are effective, but they pose a great danger to the environment and humans, because their remains are stored in agricultural products for a long time and, entering the human body, destroy the immune system and cause many diseases.

A particular herbicide, as such, is not part of the invention.

Known technical solutions in which the use of a herbicide with additives can not only increase the effectiveness of known herbicides, but also reduce their danger to humans and the environment.

Known herbicidal composition (RF patent 2461198), containing as an active substance a combination of glyphosate with natural organic acids: citric, α-ketoglutaric, succinic, malic, oxalic, taken in a concentration of 10-11 mol / l. The disadvantage of the composition is the high cost of the additive.

A known method of controlling weeds is when a few days before sowing the cultivated crop, an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate is introduced and after the weeds have grown, they are treated with a continuous herbicide - roundup (RF patent 2110909).

The disadvantage of this method is that the separate application of fertilizer and herbicide does not completely get rid of weeds, and the application of the herbicide in the norm of 4-5 kg / ha pollutes the environment.

Also known is a fertilizer and herbicidal mixture for applying under grain crops (RF patent 2458507) containing liquid nitrogen fertilizers KAS-32 (a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate), aurorex herbicide and water in the following ratio, wt.%: KAS-32 - 30 , 0-40.0, Aurorex 0.38-0.60, water - the rest is up to 100.

Despite the fact that the fertilizer-herbicide mixture reduces the rate of introduction of Aurorex by 25% of the minimum recommended, but it has insufficient weed control and a relatively high content of nitrogen fertilizer.

The closest technical solution is a herbicidal composition containing a herbicide selected from the group of chloroacetanilides, acetanilides, triazines, glyphosate and a water-soluble sodium salt of polyaspartic acid having a molecular weight in the range of from about 1500 to about 100000, with a weight ratio between them of 1: 2 to 1:71. The herbicidal composition is used in the form of an aqueous solution. A way to increase the efficiency of absorption of the herbicide by weeds in order to kill them is manifested by adding to them water-soluble polyaspartic acid sodium salt (RF patent No. 2171031). We take it for a prototype.

Polyaspartic acid sodium salt enhances the effectiveness of the herbicide. However, the above patent does not provide information on reducing the consumption rate of such hazardous pesticides as continuous glyphosate herbicides.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the absorption of the herbicide by weeds in order to kill them, to provide a 3-4-fold reduction in the consumption rate of the glyphosate-based herbicide due to a composition that enhances the efficiency of absorption of the herbicide by weeds to kill them, and to reduce the herbicidal load on the environment.

The technical result is achieved in that the herbicidal composition includes a herbicide selected from the group of glyphosates, a mixture of water-soluble amino acids: L-2-amino-2-methyl-mercaptobutyric acid (a), L-α-diaminocaproic acid (b) and L-β- phenyl-α-aminopropionic acid (c) in the following ratio of components in the mixture (a) :( b) :( c) - (2-3) :( 1-2) :( 1-2) and ammonium nitrate. An increase in the efficiency of absorption of the herbicide by weeds for the purpose of their death and a decrease in the rate of consumption of the herbicide is manifested due to the fact that the herbicide from the glyphosate group is added to the tank mixture at a dose of 0.8-1.2 l / ha with the addition of 6-16 g / ha of the mixture water-soluble amino acids according to claim 1 and 2 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate at a rate of flow of working fluid of 200 l / ha.

A comparative analysis of the group of inventions with the prototype allows us to conclude that in the herbicidal composition the proposed mixture of amino acids is used to enhance the absorption efficiency of glyphosate-based herbicides by weeds in order to kill them, reduce the rate of consumption of the herbicide and the pesticidal load on agrobiocenosis, while the mixture is environmentally friendly safe supplement. In addition, the introduction of ammonium nitrate also contributes to the rapid penetration of the herbicide and the amino acid complex into the plant. Thus, the claimed technical solutions meet the patentability criterion of NOVELTY.

A continuous action herbicide, such as roundup, penetrates through the leaves and is transported to the roots, underground shoots and rhizomes, completely or partially damaging them. The effect of the effect manifests itself after a few days and is expressed in the inhibition of growth and aging, bored stems and leaves. This drug is especially effective in the fight against perennial rhizomes and root plants. However, residual amounts of continuous action herbicide accumulate in the soil after surface treatment of the soil, which negatively affects the microflora of the soil.

Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate) - nitrogen fertilizer, the total nitrogen content is 34.6%. It is used in the form of an aqueous solution as a pre-sowing (main) fertilizer, as well as early spring plant nutrition. The mechanism of action of ammonium nitrate is directly related to its chemical formula (NH ₄ NO ₃ ,). The granule of ammonium nitrate, falling into the soil and mixing with soil moisture, disintegrates and turns into two ions. A negative ion (NO ₃ -) or nitrate remains in the soil solution. Due to this, it is more accessible for plants and is absorbed by the roots in the amount necessary for the plant in one or another phase of the growing season. The mechanism of nitrate entry to the root system of plants is based on an exchange with the ions of bicarbonates that are released by plants. Nitrogen nutrition of plants increases the transport of substances throughout the plant body.

The use of ammonium nitrate in the herbicidal composition enhances the absorption capacity of the plant, thereby contributing to better penetration of the herbicide and the mixture of AMA and allows to increase the effectiveness of the inventive herbicidal composition and to provide a reduction of 3-4 times the consumption rate of the herbicide.

L-2-amino-2-methyl mercapto-oil, an essential sulfur-containing glycogen-forming amino acid, is a component of most proteins, is a donor of metal groups, and participates in enzymatic methylation processes. L-α-diaminocaproic acid is the most deficient of the essential amino acids in plant proteins. L-β-phenyl-α-aminopropionic acid is part of almost all natural proteins (except for protamines). The lack of these amino acids leads to a disruption in the synthesis of proteins and a reduction in their amount, a slowdown in the growth and development of the body, as well as a decrease in immunity.

In plants, AMA are formed along the “shikimat path”, and the herbicide, once inside the plant organism, violates it and leads to the death of the plant.

One of the main functions of AMA is to penetrate the cell and activate cellular metabolism. Once inside, amino acids partially restore the "shikimat pathway" violated by the herbicide. The proposed mixture of AMA in the herbicidal composition allows you to maintain this metabolic process for a small but sufficient time for the complete distribution of the herbicide throughout the plant.

The combination of active substances with various mechanisms of action in a herbicidal composition, an amino acid mixture, ammonium nitrate allows you to enhance and prolong the absorption of the herbicide to the roots of plants in order to completely die off all parts of the plant. Therefore, the amount of herbicide used is reduced, while its effectiveness in killing unwanted weeds does not decrease, and the pesticidal load on agrobiocenosis is reduced.

Amino acids (AMA) in powder form are mixed in the following ratio of components in the mixture (a) :( b) :( c) - (2-3) :( 1-2) :( 1-2) in the claimed amounts of 6-16 g / ha.

The composition of the AMA mixture is stable for 12 months when stored in a sealed package, in a dark place with a humidity of not more than 85% and a temperature of not more than + 25 ° C. The composition is soluble in water, has good penetrating ability, non-toxic, its components are absolutely safe for the environment and humans.

The group of inventions will achieve a technical result, because a herbicidal composition comprising a glyphosate-based herbicide, a mixture of amino acids and ammonium nitrate, which improve the penetration of the herbicide into the weed tissue, reduces the rate of application of the herbicide by 3-4 times from the minimum recommended due to an increase in its biological effectiveness due to the synergism of the starting components, and meets the criteria of the INVENTION LEVEL.

The inventive herbicidal composition is used in the form of a tank solution, and it is obtained by mixing with water a herbicide, a mixture of L-2-amino-2-methyl-mercaptobutyric L-α-diaminocaproic and L-β-phenyl-α-aminopropionic amino acids, taken in the claimed ratio (2-3) :( 1-2) :( 1-2), and ammonium nitrate until a homogeneous solution is formed.

The technology for preparing the tank mixture of the herbicidal composition at a rate of consumption of a working solution of 200 l / ha.

Tank mixture is prepared immediately before processing.

2/3 of the calculated norm of water is poured into the sprayer tank, then 6-16 g / ha of a mixture of amino acids and 0.8-1.2 l / ha of glyphosate-based herbicide are added, the mixer is turned on and mixed to dissolve the components, then continue to mix until complete dissolution, add 2 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate. Then add water to normal and mix thoroughly.

The method of application of the herbicidal composition and the results of evaluating the biological effectiveness of the drug are presented in the examples and tables.

Example 1

Laboratory tests were carried out in climatic chambers at the Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the Kuban State Agrarian University.

The herbicidal composition was obtained by mixing with water until the herbicide is homogeneous, a mixture of amino acids taken in the following ratio of components in the mixture (a) :( b) :( c) - (2-3) :( 1-2): 1-2), and ammonium nitrate (AS) in the claimed amounts. The end result is a working solution. The following solutions were prepared:

1st option (control) - a herbicide based on Roundup glyphosate 3-4 l / ha;

2nd option - a mixture of water-soluble amino acids 6-16 g / ha;

3rd option - 0.8 l of Roundup herbicide + AMK mixture 6-16 g / ha + AC 2 kg / ha;

4th option - 1.0 l of Roundup herbicide + AMK mixture 6-16 g / ha + AC 2 kg / ha;

The 5th option - 1.2 l of Roundup herbicide + a mixture of AMK 6-16 g / ha + AC 2 kg / ha.

Next, annual and perennial weeds growing in the germinators inside the climate chamber were treated by uniformly spraying with a series of aqueous solutions according to the five options indicated, taking the flow rate of the working solution of 200 l per 1 hectare.

The degree of damage to plants was assessed according to the following categories: without damage (0), weak necrosis — damage to 1-25% of plants (1), leaf necrosis 25-50% (2), leaf necrosis 50-75% (3), more than 75% with some cases of possible secondary growth (4), plant death (5).

Plants were examined on days 1, 5, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21.

The results are presented in table. one.

Table 1 Experience number Experience option Degree of damage by category 1 day 5 day 7 day 11 day 14 day 18 day 21 day 1 control Roundup herbicide, 0 one 2 3 four 5 - 2 AMK mixture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.8 L herbicide + AMK + AC mixture 0 0 one 2 3 four 5 four 1.0 l of herbicide + a mixture of AMA + AC 0 one 2 3 four 5 5 1.2 l of herbicide + a mixture of AMA + AC 0 one 2 3 four 5

So, when using only Roundup herbicide in the tank solution (var. 1, control), according to the recommended consumption rate of 3-4 l / ha, the first signs of plant damage occur already on day 5, similar results in options 4 and 5. On On day 7, signs of damage appear in option 3. On day 11, in options 1, 4, and 5, a lesion of 50-75% of the leaves is observed. On day 14, in options 1, 4 and 5, the degree of damage to plants is more than 75%, and in option 3 - 50-75%. Complete plant death occurs on day 18 in options 1, 4 and 5, and in option 3 only the degree of damage at a level of more than 75% is noted. The death of plants in option 3 occurs on day 21, which corresponds to the period of action (14-21 days) of the Roundup herbicide, as stated in the instructions for the herbicide. When only a mixture of amino acids according to claim 1 (var. 2) is added to the tank solution, weeds do not show any signs of damage, which indicates the impossibility of using the mixture of amino acids as an independent herbicide. Laboratory studies have shown that the proposed herbicidal composition comprising a herbicide selected from the group of glyphosates, a mixture of water-soluble amino acids and ammonium nitrate, and their quantitative content, selected experimentally, can reduce the recommended consumption rate of the glyphosate-based herbicide by 3-4 times.

Example 2

Field tests were carried out in experimental plots of the Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the Kuban State Agrarian University similar to laboratory ones.

The tests were carried out on plots (virgin lands) with an area of 2 × 2 m ² , "Roundup" was selected as the herbicide. The processing of meadow weeds: annual and perennial cereals and dicotyledons, was carried out similarly to laboratory tests.

The results of field tests are presented in table. 2.

table 2 Experience option Herbicidal composition The onset of the drug (visible signs *), day Complete death of plants, day Roundup herbicide, l / ha AMK mixture according to claim 1, g / ha Ammonium nitrate, kg / ha 1 (control) four - - 3 eighteen 2 - 6-16 - - - 3 0.8 6-16 2.0 7 21 four 1,0 6-16 2.0 5 eighteen 5 1,2 6-16 2.0 5 eighteen * - Yellowing of leaves, their necrosis and dying off, dying off of a stalk of a plant belong to visible signs

The analysis of table 2 shows that in control variant 1, the first signs of plant damage appear already on the third day after treatment, and the complete death of plants occurs on the eighteenth day.

When using only the proposed amino acid complex without a herbicide (option 2), no visible damage to plants is observed, and their complete death does not occur.

In the third embodiment, the first signs of damage to plants occur on the seventh day, i.e. four days later than in option 1. This is due to the specific action of the herbicidal composition. When the herbicide enters the plant immediately after its absorption, biochemical processes in the cell are disrupted, and its death occurs. Further spread of the herbicide throughout the plant organism is hindered, as part of the herbicide remains on dead tissue and is not used for its intended purpose. The mixture of amino acids declared in the composition allows preserving biochemical processes for a while and, thus, allowing the cells to transport the herbicide throughout the plant body along with the plant sap and penetrate to the root as much as possible. This explains the delay in the manifestation of the first signs of damage to plants relative to 1 option. A complete death of plants (option 3) occurs on the twenty-first day, which is included in the allowable range of “onset of action - complete death of plants” recommended for the Roundup herbicide at a rate of 3-4 l / ha.

Options 4 and 5 showed similar results to laboratory ones. The first signs of plant damage are also manifested on the 5th day. However, the complete death of plants occurs already on the eighteenth day, as in version 1. From this it follows that the use of a herbicidal composition with a herbicide content of 0.8 l (option 3) in some cases can lengthen the time for complete dying of plants. Option 4 using 1.0 L herbicide showed the best results. The death of plants occurs on the eighteenth day. The use of the composition according to claim 1, in which 1.2 l of the herbicide (option 5) does not reduce the time of death of plants, but only leads to an increase in the amount of introduced herbicide.

The results indicate that the use of a herbicidal composition including Roundup herbicide, a mixture of water-soluble amino acids and ammonium nitrate, at application rates in options 4 and 5, allows to reduce the amount of introduced herbicide by 3-4 times relative to the norms recommended by the manufacturer, without reducing its effectiveness.

Verification of this conclusion was carried out in the field of LLC “AIC Rodina” of the Volgograd region.

The experiments were carried out on lands overgrown with meadow weeds (annual and perennial cereals and legumes) in the post-harvest period. Weeds were treated with three variants of the herbicidal composition: the Roundup herbicide was used as a control at a rate of 3-4 l / ha, as well as the compositions according to options 4 and 5. Like field trials, weeds completely died on day 18, which indicates the actual benefits of the proposed herbicidal composition.

Thus, the use of the inventive herbicidal composition in the recommended norms allows to reduce the amount of the introduced herbicide by 3-4 times relative to the norms recommended by the manufacturer, without reducing its effectiveness, and therefore significantly reduce the pesticidal load on agrobiocenosis and humans.

Claims (2)

1. A herbicidal composition containing a solution of a herbicide selected from the group of glyphosates and a composition that increases the effectiveness of the herbicide, characterized in that a mixture of water-soluble amino acids: L-2-amino-2-methyl-mercaptanoic acid is used as a composition that increases the effectiveness of the herbicide (a) L-α-diaminocaproic acid (b) and L-β-phenyl-α-aminopropionic acid (c) in the following ratio of components in the mixture (a) :( b): (c) - (2-3) : (1-2) :( 1-2) and ammonium nitrate. 2. A method of increasing the effectiveness of the herbicide, which consists in the fact that the herbicidal mixture of glyphosates is added to the tank mixture at a dose of 0.8-1.2 l / ha with the addition of 6-16 g / ha of a mixture of water-soluble amino acids according to claim 1 and ammonia nitrate in a dose of 2 kg / ha with a normal flow rate of 200 l / ha.