RU2487529C2 - Method of weed control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to cultivation of rice. The method of weed control comprises obtaining the rice seedling according to the mode of shortened flooding, processing of weeds with the herbicide Nominee in combination with a surface active agent (surfactant). After obtaining the rice seedlings the water level in checks is raised to 7-10 cm to cover the seedlings with a layer of water. Weeds of genus Echinochloa in full tillering phase are located above water, they are treated with herbicide Nominee in a dose of 95-100 ml/ha at a rate of working fluid at aerial treatment of 50 l/ha. Then in two days after the treatment the water layer in the checks are lowered until the appearance of rice leaves over the surface of the water and nitrogen top dressing is carried out, such as with urea to remove the stress load on the rice sprouts.

EFFECT: proposed method enables to increase effectiveness of barnyard grass control in phase of 6-7 leaves, outgrowing in growth and development the rice crops, to prevent their re-occurrence, to eliminate thinning-out of the sprouts and herbicidal burn of young rice seedlings, and hence to keep the rice harvest.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular rice growing, for combating annual cereal weeds of the genus Echinochloa All types of blackberries (common blackberry (chicken millet), rice-shaped blackberry (large-fruited millet), bearded blackberry (rice millet) are annual cereal weeds belonging to the group of hygrophilous. These are the most malignant weeds of rice crops. They grow on excessively moist soil, tolerate shallow soil flooding.In their biology and ecology, blackberries are close to rice and it is difficult to differ in appearance.It is especially difficult to distinguish a blackberry from rice during seedlings.

Depending on the degree of weediness of the fields, weed control measures are developed using agrochemical and chemical methods. The use of the chemical method is considered economically feasible if there are more than 20 plants of blackberry and tubers per 1 m ² (see Agronomical notebook. Rice cultivation by intensive technology. M: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, p. 33).

There is a known method of weed control (bramble), which consists in using the systemic herbicide Shakkimol (70% TBE), which is applied to the soil before sowing and planted to a depth of 3-5 cm or after sowing rice no more than 24 hours later (see System measures to protect rice crops from pests, diseases and weeds in the Krasnodar Territory. Regulatory materials and technological regulations. Krasnodar, 2000, p.24).

The disadvantage of this method is that shakkimol destroys only germinating weeds and has a short period of toxic effects, resulting in repeated clogging of crops.

A known method of weed control, in which, after sowing, rice seedlings are obtained by moistening the soil in the check, causing the germination of weeds (blackberries). When weeds do not grow more than 3-4 leaves, they are treated with a binary tank mixture of fatseta and shakkimol herbicides taken in doses of 0.9-4.0 liters per hectare, respectively, based on the calculation of the flow rate of the working fluid up to 500 liters per hectare. 48 hours after treatment of the weeds, a permanent layer of water is created in the check with a depth of 5-7 cm (see patent No. 22448699, published March 27, 2005, Bulletin No. 9).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency associated with the limited period of use of the herbicide - at the age of weed plants no more than 3-4 leaves, and also it is not acceptable for weed control in late rice crops by scattering method without seeding in conditions of lack of irrigation water in low-water years when weeds are ahead of rice development.

A known method of weed control, adopted by us as a prototype, including sowing rice, obtaining seedlings from under a layer of water, processing cereal weeds at a stage from 2 to 4 leaves with Nomini herbicide at a dose of 75-90 ml / ha in combination with a surfactant (Surfactant) acting as an adhesive (see manufacturer's information sheet).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency associated with a temporary factor in the use of the herbicide - no more than 3-4 leaves, and it is not acceptable for weed control in late rice crops by the scattering method without seeding in conditions of lack of irrigation water in dry years, when the weeds are ahead rice development.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of the fight against blackberries in the phase of 6-7 leaves, ahead of the growth and development of rice crops.

The task is achieved by the fact that after rice shoots are obtained according to the regime of shortened flooding, the water level in the checks is increased to 7-10 cm to cover the seedlings with a layer of water, and weeds of the genus Echinochloa in the phase of complete tillering, which are above the water, are treated with Nomini herbicide at a dose of 95 -100 ml / ha + surfactant 100 ml with a working fluid flow rate during aircraft processing of 50 l / ha. Two days after the treatment, the water layer in the checks is reduced until rice leaves appear above the surface of the water and foliar nitrogen fertilizing is carried out, for example, with urea to relieve stress on rice shoots.

Table 1 Analysis of signs for novelty Prototype method The proposed method getting rice seedlings according to the regime of shortened flooding also discharge of water from a check creating a layer of water 7-10 cm, which allows you to hide rice shoots under a layer of water ground treatment of the weed in the phase of 2-4 leaves with Nomini herbicide at a dose of 75-90 ml / ha in combination with a surfactant with a flow rate of 300-400 l / ha air treatment of weeds above the water layer with Nomini herbicide in a dose of 95-100 ml / ha + surfactant 100 ml with a working fluid flow rate of 50 l / ha flooding a check 1-2 days after treatment with a herbicide two days after treatment, lowering the water layer until rice leaves appear above the surface of the water and performing nitrogen foliar feeding, for example, with urea, to relieve stress on rice seedlings. conventional rice cultivation also

The analysis of the prior art, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that no analogue was found, characterized by signs identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the set of essential features of the analogue, allowed to identify the set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the applicant's technical result in the claimed method set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

A comparative analysis with a well-known solution showed that the methods for using the Nomini herbicide (manufacturer's information leaflet) are known, but it is used in the 2-4 leaf phase of millet weeds of the genus Echinochloa (blackberries) on rice crops carried out in optimal terms (end of April - the first decade of May) at a dose of 75-90 ml / ha in combination with a surface-active substance (surfactant) acting as an adhesive by the ground method after the discharge of water in the checks, whereas in the proposed method, the Nomini herbicide is used in phase full tillering of weeds, when their height reaches 20-25 cm, and the amount per 1 m ² is 120-150 pcs., which exceeds the threshold of harmfulness by 6 times. Before processing, the water level in the checks is raised to 7-10 cm, and two days after the treatment, lower the water layer until rice leaves appear above the water surface and carry out nitrogen foliar feeding, for example, carbamide to relieve stress on rice shoots, whereas according to the method -prototype two days after treatment, the water level is raised.

This allows us to conclude that the proposed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method was tested in LLC “Smeledelec” of the Takhtamukaysky district of the Republic of Adygea on an area of 100 hectares in three variants (1 - control - rice cultivation Flagman without treatment against weeds; 2 - rice cultivation with the destruction of weeds according to the prototype method; 3 - rice cultivation with treatment against weeds by the proposed method).

An example of the proposed method.

After spring tillage using the adopted rice cultivation technology (see Guidelines. M .: Kolos, 1983), rice seeds were sown in a scattering manner (seeding rate 270 kg / ha) without seeding in late terms (May 28-30) due to lack of irrigation water. From June 15 to June 20, a regime of shortened flooding was created on the checks. In the period before the water was supplied to the checks, weeds were in comfortable conditions and intensively developed.

Rice seedlings (2-3 leaves) were received in the first ten days of July, blackberries (millet weeds) by this time were in the phase of complete tillering and reached a height of 20-25 cm. The number of weeds per 1 m was 120-150 plants, which exceeds the harmfulness threshold 6 times.

On July 8, the water level in the checks was increased to 7-10 cm, so that the rice shoots were under a layer of water, and the leaves of blackberries remained above the surface of the water. Then, aerial treatment of crops with Nomini herbicide was carried out in a dose of 95-100 ml / ha + surfactant 100 ml with a liquid flow rate of 50 l / ha.

Two days after the treatment, the water level in the checks was lowered until rice leaves appeared above the water surface and foliar rice plants were fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer (urea) at a rate of 100 kg / ha in physical weight (which corresponded to 46 kg of the active substance) to relieve stress on shoots of rice. On the fifth day after treatment with the Nomini herbicide, the weed plants turned brown, their growth and development stopped. By regulating the water layer, rice plants occupied the upper tier and entered the tillering phase.

Field test results are presented in the table.

table 2 Comparative biological effectiveness of existing and proposed methods of dealing with blackberries. Options Herbicide Dose, ml / ha The number of weed plants per 1 m ² before treatment Biological effectiveness (death of weeds),% The number of rice plants per 1 m ² in the phase of tillering rice Control (no processing) - 127.3 0 10 Prototype method 75-90 127.3 67 215 The proposed method 95-100 127.3 98 269

When sowing rice scatter method without seeding.

In late rice crops by scatter method without seeding, in conditions of water shortage, when the weed is ahead of rice development, the threshold of their harmfulness is exceeded by several times, and all calendar processing times against weeds were missed, our proposed method allowed us to save rice crops and get good shoots.

As can be seen from the table, the death of weeds during their processing according to the method proposed by us was 98%, and the number of rice plants during surveys during the tillering phase on July 28-29 was 269 pcs. 1 m ² , whereas when processing weeds according to the prototype method, 67% and 215 pcs. on 1 m ² respectively.

As is known, the preservation of the density of rice plants has positive trends for obtaining high sustainable crops in the future.

Thus, the use of the proposed technical solution in the late sowing of rice in a scattered manner without seeding and lack of water allows you to get the following advantages:

- destroy from 70 to 100% of weeds in rice crops;

- prevent the reappearance of millet weeds;

- to exclude thinning of seedlings and a herbicidal burn of young shoots of rice. The use of herbicides at an earlier date causes burns and stress in rice plants, especially with contact action herbicides, which include Nomini.

- preservation of the rice crop.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling weeds, including obtaining seedlings of rice according to the regime of shortened flooding, treating weeds with Nomini herbicide in combination with a surfactant, characterized in that after receiving seedlings of rice the water level in the checks is increased to 7-10 cm to cover seedlings with a layer of water, and weeds of the genus Echinochloa in the phase of complete tillering, located above the water, are treated with Nomini herbicide at a dose of 95-100 ml / ha with a working fluid flow rate during aircraft processing of 50 l / ha, then two days after treatment, a layer of water in the checks lower They are burnt until rice leaves appear above the surface of the water and foliar nitrogen fertilizing is carried out, for example, with urea to relieve stress on rice seedlings.