RU2701636C1 - Method of cultivating sudanese grass on green mass on reclaimed lands of kalmykia - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to farming. Method involves sowing Sudanese grass in early May with sowing norm of 4.5–5 million pieces/ha, maintaining pre-irrigation soil moisture content of not less than 75–80 % HB and watering with sprinkling. Differentiated soil treatment system is implemented: after removal of precursor, stubble stubbing in 1–2 traces; autumn plowing at depth of 0.22–0.25 m for heavy and medium loamy soils and 0.20–0.22 m for light loamy soils; spring-weaving or unreeling till depth of 0.18–0.22 m – on sandy and sandy soils; pre-sowing cultivation, presowing and post-sowing rolling.EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase productivity of green mass of Sudanese grass to 25–30 t/ha.1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in agriculture.

Known for the closest in technical essence the method of cultivating row crops ed. testimonial. SU No. 2073398 (authors Shishlyannikov I.D .; Saldaev AM), publication date 02/20/1997, including autumn main and spring pre-sowing preparation of the soil, sowing with subsequent rolling, post-emergence harrowing and post-emergence care for crops without the use of herbicides to suppress weed vegetation, in addition to spring pre-sowing treatment after a steady increase in the average daily soil temperature of at least 14 ... 16 ° C at a depth of 10 cm, soil is rolled in with an increase in the bulk density of the surface layer by 30 ... 40%, after Growth of late heat-loving weeds in the seed layer at the “strand” stage destroys the germinated weeds and sows in the wet layer.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known method adopted for the prototype include high weediness of crops by late heat-loving weeds.

The task to which the invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of feed production on reclaimed lands on the basis of different seeding standards and selection of highly productive varieties, regulation of nutrient and water regimes, ensuring the formation of the planned yield.

EFFECT: increased yield of green mass of Sudanese grass up to 25 ... 30 t / ha based on various seeding and selection of highly productive varieties, regulation of nutrient and water regimes, ensuring the formation of the planned yield.

Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense Starf) is a drought tolerant crop adapted to the climatic and soil conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia. As a highly productive crop, Sudanese grass is included in various types of fodder and field crop rotation. Its role is great as a multi-crop culture in the green conveyor system, which allows for uninterrupted supply of animals with fresh green feed. Due to the high ecological plasticity, Sudan grass, especially under irrigation of the arid zone, can be sown at different times, which can significantly increase the period of feeding animals with green mass.

The formation of a highly productive agrocenosis of Sudanese grass under irrigated conditions in the arid zone is determined by its optimal structure and biological potential of the variety. So sparse crops do not absorb enough sunlight, as a result, the coefficients of photosynthesis efficiency are very small. On the other hand, heavily thickened crops with abundant leaf cover can actively absorb the incident sunlight, however, individual leaves are so obscured that photosynthesis in them is very weak. In this regard, research is needed on the formation of plant standing density per unit area and the selection of high-yielding varieties that determine the features of crop cultivation technology.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that depending on soil conditions it is recommended to use a differentiated soil cultivation system: after harvesting the predecessor, stubble peeling in 1 ... 2 traces; autumn plowing to a depth of 0.22 ... 0.25 m (heavy and medium loamy soils) and 0.20 ... 0.22 m (light loamy soils); spring plowing or subsurface cultivation to a depth of 0.18 ... 0.22 m - on sandy and sandy soils; pre-sowing cultivation (depending on weather conditions and the presence of weeds - successively to a depth of 0.08 ... 0.10, 0.06 ... 0.08 and 0.04 ... 0.06 m; pre-sowing and post-sowing rolling. Optimum sowing time - beginning May. Pre-irrigated soil moisture of not less than 75 ... 80% HB. Watering is carried out with the DKSh-64 Volzhanka sprinkler. To apply fertilizers, the GPD-50 hydrofeed is used.

The results of our research showed that the seeding rate has a great influence on the germination and development of plants of various varieties of Sudanese grass. So, in the medium early variety Bystryanka with a sowing rate of 5.0 million units / ha, the number of sprouted plants was 60% of the number of seeds sown. In the mid-season variety Kamyshinskaya-51, high field germination was observed at a sowing rate of 4.5 million pcs / ha and amounted to 63%. (tab. 1). A decrease in the seeding rate from 5.5 to 4.5 ... 5.0 million units / ha increased field germination. The same trend is observed with an increase in seeding rate from 3.0 to 4.5 million units / ha.

Unlike other annual cereal crops, Sudan grass has a valuable feature - the tillering process in it does not weaken during the entire growing season. An average bushiness over four years with a sowing rate of 3.0 million pcs. per 1 hectare amounted to 3.9 ... 5.5 stems per plant per plant. On thickened crops with seed rates of 5.0 and 5.5 million pcs. per 1 hectare bushiness of Sudanese grass decreased by 24 ... 31%. A change in the seeding rate, and, as a consequence of this, plant densities, had an effect on the change in the proportion of leaves in the green mass yield. Thus, in the main crop in the variant of 3.0 million units / ha, the prevalence of the middle early variety Bystryanka was 31.1%, 5.5 million - 37.3%, and for middle-ripening varieties, these indicators of the yield characteristic were 33.0, respectively ... 33.6 and 39.4 ... 40.4%.

As shown by the correlation analysis between the parameters of the seeding rate and the productivity indicators of the Sudanese grass, there is a direct correlation (Table 2). The values of the correlation coefficients show a very high degree of convergence between the seeding rate and productivity indicators of Sudan grass varieties: the number of plants per 1 m ² (r = 0.93 ... 0.97), average bushiness (r = 0.79 ... 0.92), foliage of plants (r = 0.89 ... 0.947).

The highest yield of green mass of Sudanese grass during the growing season was obtained on a variant with a seeding rate of 4.5 ... 5 million units / ha, on average over the years of research, it was 27.93 ... 31.71 t / ha. A decrease in the seeding rate by 0.5 ... 2 million units / ha leads to a decrease in productivity by 5.8 ... 28.6%, and with an increase in the seeding rate by 0.5 million units / ha, the yield decreases by 6, 9 ... 10% (table. 2).

To realize the biological potential of Sudan grass productivity, the optimal sowing structure is formed at a sowing rate of 4.5 ... 5 million units / ha. With this seeding rate, photosynthetic activity of plants is activated and, as a result, the yield of green mass is increased by 30 ... 36% compared with the seeding rate of 3.5 ... 4 million units / ha.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating Sudan grass on green mass in the reclaimed lands of Kalmykia, including sowing Sudan grass in early May with a seeding rate of 4.5-5 million pcs / ha, maintaining a pre-irrigation soil moisture of at least 75-80% HB and irrigation, characterized in that carry out a differentiated system of tillage: after harvesting the predecessor, stubble peeling in 1-2 tracks; autumn plowing to a depth of 0.22-0.25 m for heavy and medium loamy soils and 0.20-0.22 m for light loamy soils; spring plowing or subsurface treatment to a depth of 0.18-0.22 m - on sandy and sandy soils; pre-sowing cultivation, pre-sowing and post-sowing rolling.