RU2702792C1 - Method of protecting rice from swamp, sedge and als-resistant prosy-like weeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to rice growing. Method includes rice sowing followed by soil moistening in a check till weeds formation no more than 3–4 leaves and rice treatment after sprouts in development phase of 3–5 leaves with a herbicide tank mixture with subsequent flooding of the check with a layer of water. Rice is treated with a herbicide tank mixture consisting of the following preparations: Foxtrot Extra in dose of 0.15–0.25 l/ha and Logran in dose of 0.01–0.015 kg/ha, respectively, based on working fluid flow rate of up to 200 l per hectare. At the same time flooding of the check with a layer of water is performed 1–2 days after rice treatment.

EFFECT: method allows to increase rice yield.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular rice growing, for controlling the entire spectrum of weeds (including marsh and ALS-resistant millet) on rice checks.

In the practice of world and domestic rice growing, various methods of weed control are used: agrotechnical, reclamation, breeding, seed and chemical.

By 2018, in Russia, to control cereal weeds in rice crops, only herbicides from the ALS inhibitor group were officially registered (over 95% of the market for all rice herbicides, Kleffmann Group Preliminary Results, 2017). For a long time of their application, weeds of the genus Ezhovnik revealed and spread ALS-resistant forms, poorly controlled by all rice herbicides officially represented in Russia.

Rice-growing farms began to use herbicides containing phenoxaprop-P-ethyl (an inhibitor of lipid synthesis) to overcome a difficult situation. This practice already exists in the world, there are drugs with this active substance registered in rice (Whip® 360, https://patents.google.com/patent/US8211831). In Russia, similar herbicides are used to treat wheat (Puma, Jaguar, Foxtrot) in doses of about 60 g / ha for the active substance, which allows you to control up to 100% of resistant Blackberries.

The disadvantage of this method is the decrease in rice yield up to 20% due to the phytotoxicity of herbicides.

It is known to use a complex herbicide to protect rice from weeds, consisting of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl and fluroxypyr.

(https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103828816A/en?q=Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+%2b+Clodinafop-pi-opargyl&q=rice+paddv&oq=Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+%2b+Clodinafop-propargyl+rice + paddy).

The disadvantage of this method is that when treated with this drug, rice experiences herbicidal stress caused by the absence of an antidote, which negatively affects its yield.

It is known to use the combined Foxtrot Extra herbicide for the post-emergence protection of wheat crops from a complex of annual cereal weeds and containing active ingredients: Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl + clodinafop-propargil + antidote clocvintoset-mexil with the corresponding content: 90 + 45 + 34 g / l. (https://www.agroxxi.ru/goshandbook/prep/fokstrot-yekstra-kye.html). However, it is registered only for processing wheat.

A known method of protecting plants from weeds (RF patent No. 2579200, class A01N 57/20, 2016), including the use of a synergistic herbicidal mixture containing a herbicidally effective amount of penoxulam and glyphosate.

In addition, quite expensive cross-spectrum herbicides (Citadel, Kreposhans, Nomini, Naris) are used to control dicotyledonous weeds in rice, which need to be replaced to prevent the risk of resistant weeds.

One of the alternative herbicides that solves this problem is Logran (active ingredient triasulfuron, 750 g / kg). He copes with the vast majority of dicotyledonous weeds (https://www.agroxxi.ru/goshandbook/prep/logran-ydg.html). However, in Russia it is registered only for winter and spring cereal crops.

In world practice (India), there is already positive experience with the use of Logran herbicide in seedlings of rice against a wide range of dicotyledonous (including swamp and sedge) weeds: , in this case, the Logran herbicide was used on rice planted in seedlings, in addition, from the source it is not known how the rice was processed.

It is also known a technical solution in which rice is sown with moistened soil in a check until weeds have no more than 3-4 leaves, then rice is treated after germination in the 3-5 development phase of the Citadel 25 herbicide, the active ingredient of which is Penoxulam ”, Followed by flooding the check with a layer of water (https://www.agroxxi.ru/goshandbook/prep/citadel-25-md.html - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is that the herbicide (Citadel) used on 44.9% of the rice area in Russia (Kleffmann Group Preliminary Results, 2017), is an ALS inhibitor by the mechanism of action, and has recently sharply reduced its effectiveness against resistant forms of Blackberries. The fact is that the population of genetically stable forms that synthesize proteins with the participation of the altered enzyme Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) is increasing every year in rice-growing farms in Russia. In the Krasnodar Territory, by 2017, according to some expert estimates, such weeds have occupied an area of up to 18 thousand ha, and not a single officially registered herbicide in Russia today is able to solve this problem.

The closest technical solution is a method of weed control, including sowing rice, followed by moistening the soil in the check until the weeds form no more than 3-4 leaves, processing the rice after germination in the 3-5 phase of development of the leaves with a tank mixture of herbicides, followed by flooding the check with a layer water (RF patent №2248699, CL A01M 21/00, A01G 16/00, 2005).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency of protecting rice from marsh, sedge and ALS-resistant millet weeds, which negatively affects its yield.

The technical result is to increase the yield of rice, expanding the range of herbicides for its protection and creating an inexpensive tank mix that controls all the main types of weeds in rice crops.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of protecting rice from marsh, sedge and ALS-resistant millet weeds, including sowing rice with subsequent moistening of the soil in the check until weeds have no more than 3-4 leaves, processing the rice after seedlings in the development phase 3- 5 leaves with herbicides followed by flooding the check with a layer of water, according to the invention, the rice is treated with a tank mixture of herbicides consisting of preparations: Foxtrot Extra at a dose of 0.15 to 0.25 l / ha and Logran at a dose of from 0.01 to 0.015 kg / ha, respectively, from the calculation of the flow rate p liquid to 200 liters per hectare, while flooding the check with a layer of water is carried out after 1-2 days. after rice processing.

The novelty of the proposed method is due to the fact that due to the use of a tank mixture, rice is protected from all main types of weeds (including marsh, sedge and ALS-resistant prosovidnyh), which as a result provides an increase in rice yield and does not have a phytotoxic effect on the culture. In addition, the active substances that make up the Foxtrot Extra herbicide belong to the group of lipid synthesis inhibitors, therefore, they effectively cope with ALS-resistant forms of Yezhovnikov (a different mechanism of action), and the triasulfuron, which is part of Loran, is a new active substance in Russia in rice crops, which is also useful for preventing the resistance of dicotyledonous weeds.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

Confirmation of compliance of the claimed technical solution with the criteria of patentability are presented in tables 2, 3.

The inventive method is recommended for use in agriculture to protect rice from all major weeds, which meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The way to protect rice from swamp, sedge and ALS-resistant millet weeds is as follows

Sow rice. Then, when weeds form no more than 3-4 leaves and after seedlings of rice in the development phase of 3-5 leaves, weeds are treated with a tank mixture of Foxtrot Extra herbicides containing active ingredients: 90 g / l - phenoxaprop-P-ethyl; 45 g / l - clodinafop-propargyl and 34 g / l clocvintoset-mexyl (antidote) and Logran containing the active substance triasulfuron 750 g / kg. Then after 1-2 days. after processing the weeds flood checks with a layer of water. The drug Foxtrot Extra is used in a dose of 0.15 to 0.2 l / ha, and Logran in a dose of 0.01 to 0.015 kg / ha, respectively, based on the calculation of the flow rate of the working fluid up to 200 l per hectare.

The dose of Foxtrot Extra used is due to the fact that during the experiments it was noticed that with a dose of less than 0.15 l / ha there was insufficient effectiveness on Blackberries, and when the dose was increased to 0.3 l / ha, phytotoxicity in rice was manifested as a delay growth and light chlorosis. Thus, a dose of 0.2 l / ha is optimal, with an acceptable range from 0.15 to 0.25 l / ha.

The dose of Logran used is determined by the choice between its effectiveness on broadleaf weeds and the effect on other crops. A dose of 0.012 kg / ha is optimal with an acceptable range from 0.01 to 0.015 kg / ha.

As for flooding the check with water, after 1-2 days. after treatment with herbicides, the drugs completely penetrate into the weeds, which reduces the ingress of their residues into the water, which floods the check.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of protecting rice from the entire spectrum of weeds (including marsh, sedge and ALS-resistant millet).

To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, studies were conducted in the form of small-plot experiments placed in the checks of production crops of Soyuz-Agro LLC (Poltavskaya station of the Krasnoarmeysky district). The experimental design consisted of three options: 1. Control - without herbicide treatment. 2. Foxtrot Extra 0.2 l / ha + Logran 0.012 kg / ha. 3. The citadel of 1.6 l / ha (standard). The duplication is twofold. Rice variety Favorite. Blackberries were represented by forms resistant to ALS inhibitors. Spraying was carried out by a ground boom sprayer.

When no more than 3-4 leaves were formed in seedlings of weeds and after seedlings of rice in the development phase of 3-5 leaves, weeds were treated with a tank mixture of herbicides Foxtrot Extra and Logran. A working aqueous solution was prepared immediately before use, first by dissolving the Logran herbicide (VDG) at a dose of 0.012 kg / ha, and then, the Foxtrot Extra herbicide (CE) was added at a dose of 0.2 l / ha, taken from the calculation of the working fluid up to 200 l / ha.

1-2 days after the treatment of weeds, a constant layer of water was created with a depth of 10-12 cm, which over time was increased to 15 cm and kept constant until the maturity of the rice.

The effectiveness of the proposed tank mix was tested in two field experiments, and averaged over the entire range of weeds from 90-92% - marsh and sedge, up to 98-100% - millet.

In terms of biological effectiveness, the proposed method is not inferior to existing technologies, but surpasses them in terms of economic efficiency. The latter is explained by the presence of ALS-resistant forms of sunflower seeds and the use of a tank mixture, which includes a complex preparation containing, in addition to the active substances, an antidote that reduces the negative effect on rice plants. As a result, as follows from the data of the field experiment, the density of standing of rice plants increases by 11.2% compared to the standard and a higher yield is formed (see table).

Taking into account the actual increase in rice yield, which averaged 2.2 t / ha, the economic efficiency of the proposed solution in monetary terms, at the current purchase price for raw rice 17 rubles / kg, was estimated at 37.4 thousand rubles. from 1 ha.

The results of field trials in the form of averages for 2018 are presented in table 1.

Thus, the use of the proposed method allows combining the properties of herbicidal and antidote actions in one technological method - the destruction of weeds that appeared in the crop, as well as eliminating the herbicidal stress that rice plants receive when processing weeds and get a greater economic effect by increasing rice yields.

Claims (1)

A method of protecting rice from marsh, sedge and ALS-resistant millet weeds, including sowing rice with subsequent moistening of the soil in the check until the weeds form no more than 3-4 leaves, processing the rice after germination in the 3-5 phase of development of the leaves with a tank mixture of herbicides, followed by flooding the check with a layer of water, characterized in that the rice is treated with a tank mixture of herbicides consisting of preparations: Foxtrot Extra at a dose of 0.15 to 0.25 l / ha and Logran at a dose of from 0.01 to 0.015 kg / ha, respectively, from the calculation working fluid consumption up to 200 liters per hectare, while flooding the check with a layer of water is carried out 1-2 days after processing the rice.