RU2248699C2 - Weed controlling method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, controlling of weedage in rice growing.

SUBSTANCE: method involves sowing rice crop to obtain young crops through wetting of soil in checks and provoking germination of weeds (barnyard grass); treating weed sprouts having no more than 3-4 leaves with binary bacteriological mixture of two kinds of herbicides used in doses of 0.9-4.0 l/hectare, respectively, at flow rate of up to 500 l/hectare; creating constant water track in check of 5-7 cm depth 48 hours after treatment of weeds.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in controlling of weeds, such as barnyard grass, and increased rice yield.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular rice growing, for the control of annual cereal weeds of the genus Echinochloa - blackberries: rice, bearded and ordinary.

In the practice of world and domestic rice growing, various methods of weed control are used: agrotechnical, reclamation, breeding, seed and chemical.

A known method of weed control, including a combination of deep (20-22 cm) autumn plowing with a turnover of the reservoir and its subsequent spring cutting (see V.P. Konokhova. Training book for the rice grower. M .: "Kolos", 1982, p.138). The disadvantage of this method is that when the topsoil is heavily littered with seeds, the weeds are not completely destroyed, because part of them remains viable for several years, therefore, it is necessary to carry out additional spring agricultural practices, which makes this method energy-intensive.

There is a known method of weed control (bramble), which consists in using the systemic herbicide Shakkimol (70% TBE), which is applied to the soil before sowing and planted to a depth of 3-5 cm or after sowing rice no more than 24 hours later (see System measures to protect rice crops from pests, diseases and weeds in the Krasnodar Territory. Regulatory materials and technological regulations. Krasnodar, 2000, p.24)

The disadvantage of this method is that shakkimol destroys only germinating weeds and has a short period of toxic effects, resulting in repeated clogging of crops.

A known method of weed control (bramble), adopted by us as a prototype, in which after sowing rice on a check create a layer of water 10-12 cm and support it until the rice is pecked. After that, the water is discharged and seedlings of rice and weeds are grown by moistening the soil in the check. After the formation of no more than 3-4 leaves in weeds, the crops are treated with facet at a dose of up to 1.8 l / ha (see. System of measures to protect rice crops from pests, diseases and weeds in the Krasnodar Territory. Regulatory materials and technological regulations. Krasnodar, 2000 city, p.24).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency associated with the need to use a water layer of at least 10-12 cm as a factor that restrains the rapid growth of weeds before processing, as well as the destruction of only the first tier of weeds, which contributes to the repeated clogging of rice crops by weeds.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of the fight against blackberries on crops and increase the yield of rice. The task is achieved in that after sowing seedlings of rice and weeds are obtained by moistening the soil. After weeds reach the age of no more than 3-4 leaves, they are treated with a binary tank mixture of anti-cereal herbicides: fatseta (25% KS) - to destroy the emerged seedlings of weeds and shakkimol (70% KE) - to prevent re-clogging taken in doses: facet 0, 9 l / ha + shakkimol 4.0 l / ha (recommended doses for separate use are 1.8 and 8.0 l / ha, respectively).

The experiments were conducted in 2001-2002. at the experimental experimental site of the All-Russian Research Institute of Rice, map No. 14, check 1 in 3 versions (control — rice cultivation without treatment against weeds; rice cultivation with weed control according to the prototype method; rice cultivation with weed control by the proposed method).

An example of the proposed method

After spring tillage using the accepted technology (see. Rice cultivation technology. Guidelines. M .: Kolos, 1983) in May, the check was sown with seeds of Rapan variety. After sowing, a water layer was not created, and rice seedlings were obtained by moistening the soil in the check, provoking the maximum germination of weeds (blackberries).

When weeds emerged with no more than 3–4 leaves, the latter were treated with a binary tank mixture of fatseta and shakkimol. The mixture in the form of an aqueous solution was prepared immediately before use by mixing herbicides taken from the calculation of the working fluid up to 500 l / ha in the following doses:

water 495.1 l + facet 0.9 l / ha + shakkimol 4.0 l / ha.

48 hours after weed treatment, a permanent layer of water was created with a depth of 5-7 cm.

Field test results as averages for 2001-2002 presented in the table.

Table
Comparative biological and economic efficiency of existing and proposed methods of combating blackberries (VNII rice, 2001-2002) Options The dose of herbicide, l / ha The number of rice plants, pcs. on 1 m ² Biological effectiveness (death of weeds),% Rice yield
t / ha Control (no processing) 130.6 53.6 ^x) 3,5 Existing: facet (prototype) 1.8 176.2 96.2 6.6 Suggested: facet + shakkimol 0.9 + 4.0 210.0 98.9 7.2 x) - the number of weeds before harvesting, pcs. on 1 m ²

In terms of biological effectiveness, the proposed method is not inferior to existing ones, but surpasses them in terms of economic efficiency. The latter is explained by the use of a longer time of moisturizing irrigation when receiving rice seedlings and halved doses of herbicides, and therefore their less toxic effect on rice plants. As a result, as follows from the data of a two-year field experiment, not less than 11.5-19.2% a large density of rice plants is maintained and a higher yield is formed (see table).

Taking into account the actually obtained increase in the rice crop, an average of 0.5 t / ha for two years of research, the economic efficiency of the proposed solution in monetary terms, with the current purchase price for raw rice 3.5 rubles / kg, is estimated at 1, 75 thousand rubles from 1 ha.

With the prevailing annual volumes of application of anti-cereal herbicides in the rice growing industry of the Krasnodar Territory over the last five years of 1998-2002. 20 thousand hectares, the combined use of halved doses of fatseta and shakkimola allows to obtain the expected economic effect of 35.0 million rubles.

Thus, the use of the proposed method allows to obtain the following advantages:

- to halve the consumption of facet and shakkimol in comparison with their separate use without reducing biological and economic efficiency;

- combine the different nature of the herbicidal action in one technological method - the destruction of weeds that appeared in the sowing and the prevention of the growth of their new seedlings. Each of the herbicides applied separately does not possess such qualities;

- a longer time to grow rice seedlings when moistening the soil in the check, apply smaller and less toxic doses of herbicides and, thus, keep a larger number of its plants per unit area;

- to get a greater economic effect by increasing rice yields;

Analysis of signs for novelty Prototype method The proposed method Sowing Also Pouring a check with water 10-12 cm after sowing before rice Not Water discharge Not Moisturizing the soil in the check after water discharge until no more than 3-4 leaves are formed in the weeds Moisturizing the soil in the check after sowing rice until no more than 3-4 leaves are formed in the weeds Facet weed treatment in a dose
1.8 l / ha Treatment of weeds with a binary tank mixture of facet and shakkimol taken in doses of 0.9 and 4.0 l / ha, respectively Flooding a check with a layer of water 48 hours after weed treatment Also

Analysis of the essential features of the proposed solution Signs of a proposed solution New properties acquired as a result of using features of a technical solution Achieved positive effect Moisturizing the soil in the check after sowing rice until weeds form no more than 3-4
leaves Provocation of the greatest number of weeds Destroying more weeds, increasing the density of rice and, as a result, the effectiveness of the fight Weed treatment with banana mixture of facet and shakkimol in doses of 0.9 and 4.0 l / ha, respectively, based on the calculation of the flow rate of the working fluid up to 500 l / ha Combining different in nature herbicidal action in one technological method - the destruction of weeds that appeared in the sowing and the prevention of the growth of new seedlings Increased productivity, reduced pesticidal load, increased control efficiency

Claims (1)

A method of controlling weeds, including sowing rice, moistening the soil in the check until the weeds have no more than 3-4 leaves, treating with a herbicide and then flooding the check with a layer of water 48 hours after processing the weeds, characterized in that the soil is moistened in the check before forming no more than 3-4 leaves of weeds are carried out after rice sowing, and weeds are treated with a binary tank mix of fatseta and shakkimol taken in doses of 0.9-4.0 l per hectare, respectively, based on the calculation of the working fluid consumption up to 500 l per hectare.