RU2330402C2 - Method of weed control in lea of rice rotation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method ensures the facilities for active biomass growth of alga water net (Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L) Lagerh) over the water surface. Shallow work is carried out in the lea, in spring crop remains are embedded, nitrogenous fertilisers are added with the dosage 20-30 kg/ha, and then constant water sheet is made, that is kept in the period from May till August. For example, urea is added in the soil as nitrogenous fertilisers.

EFFECT: decreased level of rice fields infestation with the main weeds of boggy and gramineous type, and also with red-grained rice.

2 cl, 2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to methods of controlling weed vegetation in rice fields.

A known method of combating marsh weeds in rice fields, which consists in the mechanical destruction of the vegetative organs of propagation of weeds, including loosening the soil, supplying water to the field, establishing the depth of propagation of the vegetative organs of propagating weeds, loosening the soil to a predetermined depth to form a hydraulic mixture, using 3-4- multiple milling, collection and disposal of weeds (ed. St. No. 1537160, АВВ 79/00, 1990).

The main disadvantages of this method are the high energy intensity and the inability to destroy cereal-type weeds, including red-grain forms of rice.

A known method of combating marsh weeds in a steam field of rice crop rotation, which consists in the implementation of provocative irrigation, drying the field and plowing, followed by repetition of operations. Moreover, plowing is carried out three times at various depths: 12-14 cm; 25-30 cm and 20-22 cm. Then, during the season, after the emergence of weeds, they are treated with disk implements (Recommendations on the technology of rice cultivation without the use of herbicides edited by Professor Aleshin EP, Zernograd, 1989, p. 9).

The main disadvantages of the method is the high energy intensity and the inability to combat red grain forms of rice and weeds of the cereal type.

A known method of controlling weeds of cereal type and red-grain forms of rice in a steam field of rice crop rotation, adopted as a prototype, including sequential alternation of agricultural methods: watering, disking, after the mass emergence of weeds, cultivating the field with cultivators to a depth of 12-14 cm with simultaneous harrowing, moisturizing watering with subsequent surface treatments to maintain the field in a clean state. With a strong contamination of the arable layer, the “watering - processing” cycle is carried out up to three times (Recommendations on the technology of rice cultivation without the use of herbicides edited by Professor Aleshin EP Zernograd, 1989, p. 9).

The main disadvantages of the method is its high energy intensity, the inability to combat marsh weeds.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the level of contamination of rice fields with the main weeds of the marsh, cereal type and red-grain forms of rice, as well as reducing energy consumption.

The task is achieved in that favorable conditions are created for the active growth of algae biomass water mesh (Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Lagerh) no of the entire water surface, in the spring they fill up the crop residues, introduce nitrogen fertilizers, for example urea, at a dose of 20-30 kg / hectares, and then create a permanent layer of water, which is maintained from May to August, which helps to reduce the level of weediness of rice fields by weeds, and reduce energy costs.

Production tests of the rice weed control method in a steam field were carried out on rice checks of the Kuban collective farm in the Abinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory on an area of 18 hectares in three variants in 2003.

Example 1

On May 6, the crop residues of the previous crop were sealed with BDT-3.0 disc harrows to a depth of 10-12 cm. Then, 20 kg / ha of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was introduced using a RTT-4.2 A ground seeder. On May 11, the field surface was flooded with a layer of water 25 cm and maintained a layer of water until August 30. On June 10-15, an algae overgrown with a water net was noted, which by July 15 had formed a solid dense “carpet”.

The algae biomass of the water mesh interferes with normal illumination of developing weeds, reduces the temperature of the water, which also negatively affects the growth and development of all types of weeds. From September 1 to September 5, water was thrown from the field.

Algae water net belongs to the department Green algae (Chlorophyta), class Actually green - Chlorophyceae, family Hydrodiciaceae - Hydrodictyaceae. It is distributed in an aquatic environment with a high nitrogen content (mesosoprobic zone) (see Kursanov D.I., Komarnitsky N.A. Course of lower plants. - M .: Soviet Science, 1945, p. 59-60).

Example 2

All operations of the proposed method was carried out as described in example 1, but urea was introduced at the rate of 25 kg / ha.

Example 3

All operations of the proposed method was carried out as described in example 1, but urea was added at the rate of 30 kg / ha and a water layer of 20 cm was created.

The applied doses of nitrogen fertilizer in the range of 20-30 kg / ha did not have a significant difference.

The comparative effectiveness of the proposed method of weed control of rice in a steam field according to example 2 and the prototype are presented in table 1.

After analyzing the data obtained, we can conclude that the degree of contamination decreases from very strong (control) to weak (the proposed method). The effectiveness of the proposed method of weed control in the steam field for tuber-kamysh is 2.7 times higher, for cereal-type weeds - 5 times, and for red-grain forms of rice - 6 times.

Table 1 Options Plants after water discharge Degree of Weediness (GPA) tubers cereal weeds red rice forms pcs / m ² % pcs / m ² % pcs / m ² % Control (rice over rice 3 years) initial weediness 117 one hundred 233 one hundred 29th one hundred Very strong 5 points Prototype 75 64.1 106 45.5 12 41,4 Strong 4 points The proposed method 28 23.9 21 9.0 2 6.9 Weak 2 points The effectiveness of the proposed method (times) 2.7 5,0 6.0

In addition to urea, other types of nitrogen-containing fertilizers used in rice cultivation were used in the experiments: ammonium sulfate and ammophos. Urea contains 46% nitrogen, ammonium sulfate - 21%, ammophos - 24%.

Against the background with an equivalent nitrogen content per hectare of active ingredient, we studied the effect of various nitrogen-containing fertilizers on the growth of algae biomass (water net) and check weed infestation by weeds.

The field experiment was carried out on the Kuban collective farm in the Abinsky district, on an area of 6 hectares the size of accounting plots was 0.25 hectares.

The degree of weediness and biomass of the algae water mesh (Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Lagerh) npH in the vapor field of various nitrogen-containing fertilizers are presented in table 2.

The results of field studies showed that weediness sharply decreases from strong (4 points to very weak 1 point), depending on the growth in the flooded vapor field of the mass of algae, a water net, the value of which in turn is formed depending on the content and form of nitrogen fertilizer.

table 2 Options Dry mass of algae (water net), kg / ha Plants after water discharge Degree of Weediness (GPA) Tuberkamysh Grain-type weeds Red rice pcs / m ² % pcs / m ² % pcs / m ² % 1. Steam field constant flooding (without nitrogen) 136.3 63 one hundred 144 one hundred fourteen one hundred Strong (4 points) 2. The vapor field is a constant flooding of +7 kg of urea nitrogen per hectare in terms of a.m. Highly 938.0 24 38.1 21 14.6 3 21,4 weak (1 point) 3. The vapor field is a constant flooding of +7 kg of nitrogen of ammonium sulfate per hectare in terms of a.m. 448.8 51 80.9 53 36.8 8 57.1 Average (3 points) 4. The vapor field is a constant flooding of +7 kg of ammophos nitrogen per hectare a.m. 677.5 36 57.1 34 23.6 5 35.7 Weak (2 points)

Urea has a stimulating effect on the growth of algae mass in the water net, so compared with option 1 - without nitrogen, it stimulated the growth of algae biomass 6.9 times more. Compared with other nitrogen-containing fertilizers, urea is effective: relative to ammonium sulfate - 2 times, ammophos - 1.4 times.

The proposed method of controlling weeds of rice in a steam field allows to reduce energy consumption for weed control and replenish the soil with organic matter, which serves as an energy material for beneficial microflora and a means of improving the physical properties of the soil.

Claims (2)

1. A method of controlling weeds in a steam field of rice crop rotation by providing favorable conditions for the active growth of biomass of algae water mesh (Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Lagerh) over the entire water surface, characterized in that they conduct surface treatment in a steam field, in the spring crop residues, make nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 20-30 kg / ha, and then create a constant layer of water, which is maintained during the period from May to August. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, for example, urea is introduced into the soil as nitrogen fertilizers.