CN102165905B - Method for controlling contagion of citrus huanglongbing by utilizing biological factors and application - Google Patents
Method for controlling contagion of citrus huanglongbing by utilizing biological factors and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling the contagion of citrus huanglongbing by utilizing predatory mites serving as biological factors. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) clearing a garden twice every year, namely after tangerines are harvested and when tangerine spring shoots germinate, clearing the garden twice aiming at plant louse and the prevention and control of panonychus citri and other insect pests, so that the insect population of the overwintering plant louse is reduced to the minimum level by using the conventional chemical pesticide for clearing the garden and pruning insect pest twigs; and (2) releasing the predatory mites from middle-to-late March to September every year, wherein the tangerine garden is cleared comprehensively in 7 to 15 days before the predatory mites are released, the killing of the insect pests and the mites and the prevention and control of diseases are performed once aiming at the condition that the diseases, the insect pests and the mites occur in former years in the target tangerine garden, and the used medicaments are chemical pesticides which are used for killing the insect pests, the mites and bacteria effectively and are used conventionally on the market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize biotic factor--the method that Predatory Mites control citrus yellow shoot disease spreads.
Background technology
Citrus yellow shoot disease Citrus huang long bing (HLB) is the cancer during global citrus is produced.Spread in the VELOCITY DIFFUSION of the citrus producing region yellow twigs such as China Fujian Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi province with 10-20% in recent years, cause very large economic loss.The most effective prevention and control measure is exactly to cut down in large quantities the disease tree all over the world at present, secondly is exactly unique disseminator--citrus psylla (the Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) with the Agro-chemicals control yellow twig.Citrus goes out tip time disunity, send out the tip often, the tender tip time is long, the summer shoot of particularly bearing fruit does not spray medicine basically, the bud-leaf slit place of citrus psylla Adult worms producting eggs after citrus reveals bud, therefore single by spray medicine control citrus psylla weak effect, the population growth of uncontrollable citrus psylla, this also is why citrus yellow shoot disease constantly spreads one of major reason that spreads.On the other hand, pest species reaches kind more than 850 in the Citrus Orchard, but what can consist of serious harm only accounts for 1-2%, owing to relying on for a long time chemical control, destroyed the bio-diversity of Citrus Orchard, the a large amount of injures and deaths of natural enemy cause the large generations of insect evil mite such as citrus psylla, citrus red mite, blister mite, scale insect, leaf miner, aleyrodid, citrus fruit fly, break out greatly, and pesticide dosage is forced to continue to increase.Reported at present to show, the citrus psylla adult produces serious pesticide resistance to low-residual organophosphorous pesticides such as dichlorvos commonly used, Rogor, orthene, phoxim, Acetamiprids.Therefore, seeking new preventing control method and approach is a urgent task.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides utilizes biotic factor--the method that Predatory Mites control citrus yellow shoot disease spreads.The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical solution:
(1). carry out every year 2 times winter clear garden: after oranges and tangerines are gathered and tip when sprouting in oranges and tangerines spring, be main in conjunction with control citrus red mite and other insect for wood louse, carry out clear garden 2 times, the conventional chemical pesticide that uses can be used in clear garden, in conjunction with pruning sick branch, the insect population of the wood louse that survives the winter can be down to minimum level.
(2). in annual 3 months, all can discharge Predatory Mites the last ten-days period-September.The quality of Predatory Mites pest control effect, directly with indirect relation to unique disseminator--the effect of citrus psylla of controlling citrus yellow shoot disease in the orangery because: as control badly, the orchard worker still will spray insecticide, can kill the natural enemy of citrus psylla, cause wood louse out of control, break out.Therefore, in the area that citrus yellow shoot disease occurs, discharge the Predatory Mites specification requirement high, must realize by following technical solution:
A. discharged Predatory Mites front 7-15 days, oranges and tangerines are carried out once comprehensively clear garden.Mainly be situation sick according to target orangery ground former years, that worm mite evil occurs, carry out targetedly desinsection, kill the control of mite and disease, used medicament is the conventional effective desinsection that uses in market, kill the chemical pesticide of mite, sterilization.Purpose is behind the release Predatory Mites, not re-use chemical pesticide as far as possible.
Front 2-5 days of B, release Predatory Mites, surpass 2 or other insect generation if find the quantity of the every leaf two spotted spider mite of orangery, can select biopesticide, such as 0.26% matrine or 0.3% nimbin or Avermectin etc., prevent and treat, also can select the chemical pesticide of low toxicity to choose and control.
Behind C, the release Predatory Mites, find the summer slightly or the autumn slightly have wood louse to occur, available 0.26% matrine or 0.3% nimbin or Avermectin, fruit are holy (a kind of take kuh-seng and tobacco as main, add the 0.5% bitter cigarette aqua vegetable source pesticide that more than 10 Plants such as the tuber of pinellia and monkshood are made), the safe water dispersible granules of 25% Acker etc., prevent and treat, also can take out slightly at oranges and tangerines, when wood louse does not also occur, prevent with above-mentioned agricultural chemicals or low-toxin farm chemicals.
(3), every mandarin tree burst size is at one bag of Predatory Mites more than 300, Yang Chu is carried on the back at mobile jib in the position of release, the bag top is with drawing pin or staple or other thing, the Predatory Mites packaging bag is fixed on a bag end leans against side shoot on the mobile jib; For rainproof, the Predatory Mites packaging bag is outer can to put plastic film.
(4), other insect of integrated control orangery; reducing agricultural chemicals uses; round the self regulating and control ability that is conducive to citrus ecosystem system; structure take " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " and as core, the green prevention and control system of integrated naturally regulation and control (sward cultivation, fertilizer are used, biological medicine fertilizer use), biological control (natural enemy, botanical pesticide, plant protection product are used), physical control (light trap, fly net, yellow plate), chemical control (low-toxin farm chemicals screening).
Biotic factor-Predatory Mites is discharged into orangery and plays two aspects:
Effect 1: by the present invention, discharge Predatory Mites and controlled citrus red mite, make the every young chemical pesticide of beating 5-10 time of orchard worker, so that in the orangery natural enemy of unique disseminator-citrus psylla of citrus yellow shoot disease as: spider, ladybug, Chrysopa, minute pirate bugs etc. are subjected to the injury of agricultural chemicals less, the population of all kinds of natural enemies is multiplied normally, is lived, under the acting in conjunction of natural enemy, so that unique disseminator-citrus psylla of citrus yellow shoot disease is under control in the orangery, thereby the diffusion of citrus yellow shoot disease and the speed that spreads have been slowed down.
Effect 2: the experiment proved that (have video record etc. for card): Predatory Mites, such as Predatory Mites such as amblyseius cucumeris oudeman, Si Shi genus amblyseius berlese, Amblyseius barkeris, can directly prey on ovum and the nymph of citrus psylla and can finish the generation, thereby can directly control unique disseminator-citrus psylla of citrus yellow shoot disease in the orangery.
The purpose of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion utilizes various insects that its corresponding natural enemy is arranged basically exactly, by protecting and utilizing natural enemy, reaches the generation of Control pests.Biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion can be controlled yellow twig, and to spread its principle be exactly to utilize the natural enemy of wood louse to control the breeding of wood louse, cuts off the insect vector that yellow twig is propagated, thus the spreading of control citrus yellow shoot disease.Suitably stay grass by discharging Predatory Mites and orchard, do not use the desinsection chemical pesticide, create a living environment that is conducive to the breeding of natural enemy population, utilize natural enemy to come the generation of Control pests, choice for use is helped pest control to the few biopesticide of natural enemy injury, realizes that the citrus pest control is by the transformation of chemical control to biological control.
The below further specifies the beneficial effect of this patent with the experiment embodiment of the amblyseius cucumeris oudeman in the Predatory Mites in the application of control in the citrus yellow shoot disease, (but is not to limit the scope of the invention by any way, such as also available other Predatory Mites control citrus yellow shoot diseases.)
Experimental example 1
The counties and cities such as the Deqing under the Zhaoqing City of Guangdong Province, Fengkai, height are wanted, Guangning, four meetings, it is the heavy generating region of citrus yellow shoot disease, show according to Zhaoqing bureau of agriculture survey data, at present existing 200,000 mu of citrus generation yellow twigs, account for the Zhaoqing citrus gross area 20%, and still spread every year with ten thousand mu of speed continuation of 1-2 diffusion.Zhaoqing bureau of agriculture and I cooperate the experiment of maintaining secrecy, the experiment proved that, in Gaoyao City, several years Predatory Mites of ground continuous release--the incidence of disease of the Citrus Orchard citrus yellow shoot disease of amblyseius cucumeris oudeman is lower than the chemoprevention garden of routine for Deqing County, Fengkai County etc., and many healthy trees and the adjacent sick tree several years not infected phenomenons of getting along occur.
Experimental example 2
--Citrus Orchard of amblyseius cucumeris oudeman and do not discharge Predatory Mites--the conventional chemical control orchard of amblyseius cucumeris oudeman that discharges Predatory Mites, citrus yellow shoot disease occurs to compare with diffusion velocity:
We select 1 pair of adjacent orchard 2007-2010 in Zhaoqing Gaoyao City, carry out follow-up experiment and observe:
Experimental example is the tight village, town, road that lives in Gaoyao City, and orchard worker Liu Yongfei and Liu Kunxiong wanted same fruit seedling field, Lian Tang town at height in 2004, bought separately on the same day really seedling 1000 strains of granulated sugar tangerine, and plant simultaneously adjacent less than 60 meters orchard in.Two fruit weathers, ecology, soil, farming managerial skills are consistent.Investigation two orchard yellow twigs were respectively 15 strains, 17 strains in 2006, and the incidence of disease is respectively 1.5% and 1.7%, and all cuts down separately wherein heavier 5 strains.2007-2010, Liu Yongfei fruit field discharges Predatory Mites--amblyseius cucumeris oudeman at Citrus Orchard under the inventor's guidance, adopt " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " biological prevention.And conventional chemical control is adopted at 2007-2010 in Liu Kunxiong fruit field always.As a result, these two fruit yellow twigs spread spread condition, the output situation is compared as follows table:
Table 1 " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " tangerine garden and conventional chemoprevention garden yellow twig diffusion velocity are relatively
Table 2 " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " tangerine garden and conventional chemoprevention garden citrus production are relatively
Illustrate:
A, Liu Yong fly fruit field, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion garden to begin at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March every year in 2007; introduce Predatory Mites from Inst. of Plant Protection, fujian Academy of Agricultural Science--amblyseius cucumeris oudeman discharges; three secondary pollutant agricultural chemicals are only sprayed in " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion garden every year; spray is 1 time when namely discharging the front clear garden of Predatory Mites; putting the autumn sprays 2 times after a while, and used agricultural chemicals is: 0.26% matrine or 0.3% nimbin or Avermectin.The primary pest harm such as citrus red mite, blister mite, aleyrodid, coccid do not appear in annual orchard basically, and May to September, wood louse was seldom found in the orchard basically.Investigate 10 strain orange tree in August, 2010 according to Zhaoqing bureau of agriculture, the wood louse incidence is 0%, and it is 0% that sprouting has the worm rate, and the incidence of cobweb reaches 65%, average 8.5 of every strain generating capacity.In the orchard, can find a lot of ladybugs.The natural enemy such as Chrysopa, parasitic wasp.Citrus leaves is delicate and pretty, clean free from admixture, tree vigo(u)r stalwartness.Yellow twig increased the incidence of disease 0.225% every year on average newly in 4 years.
The male chemoprevention fruit of b, Liu Kun field, the chemical pesticides such as annual spray insecticide, miticide were 8-10 time since 2007.Used is the conventional chemical agricultural chemicals, as: go out and sweep profit, azacyclotin, Ni Suolang, Rogor, acephatemet etc.Two spotted spider mite, the annual medium harm level of blister mite.In May-September, citrus psylla is more.Investigate 10 strains in August, 2010 according to Zhaoqing bureau of agriculture, the wood louse incidence reaches 90%, and sprouting has the worm rate to reach 85%, and the cobweb incidence only has 1%, average 0.1 of strain generating capacity, and orange tree integral body looks yellow.Newly-increased citrus yellow shoot disease strain in 4 years reaches 956 strains, accounts for overall plant several 95.6%, every year on average the newly-increased incidence of disease 23%.At present, the orchard loses economic worth basically
Our analysis of reason that above-mentioned " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " slows down the citrus yellow shoot disease rate of propagation has:
(1) direct factor: under the anatomical lens, we observe amblyseius cucumeris oudeman and can prey on ovum and the low age nymph of citrus psylla, can finish growth, and use German Lycra anatomical lens to take ovum and the low age nymph video overall process of amblyseius cucumeris oudeman predation citrus psylla.Amblyseius cucumeris oudeman predation citrus psylla is the direct factor that reduces communication media.
(2) indirect factor: the access times that chemical pesticide has been reduced in " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion garden reach 60%-70%, improve orangery ecotope so that orangery natural enemy life condition be improved significantly, therefore, citrus psylla has been controlled by natural enemy.
Claims (1)
1. the method for utilizing biotic factor Predatory Mites control Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen to spread is characterized in that:
Carry out every year 2 times winter clear garden: after oranges and tangerines are gathered and tip when sprouting in oranges and tangerines spring, be main to carry out clear garden 2 times in conjunction with control citrus red mite and other insect for wood louse, clear garden is with the conventional chemical pesticide that uses, in conjunction with pruning sick branch, the insect population of the wood louse that will survive the winter is down to minimum level;
In annual 3 months, discharge Predatory Mites the last ten-days period to September, discharge front 7 to 15 days of Predatory Mites, oranges and tangerines are carried out once comprehensively clear garden, it mainly is situation about occuring according to target orangery ground disease in former years, worm mite evil, carry out targetedly desinsection, kill the control of mite and disease, used medicament is the conventional effective desinsection that uses in market, kill the chemical pesticide of mite, sterilization;
Discharged Predatory Mites front 2 to 5 days, and found that the quantity of the every leaf two spotted spider mite of orangery surpassed 2 or other insect generation, prevent and treat with biopesticide 0.26% matrine or 0.3% nimbin or Avermectin, or prevent and treat with the chemical pesticide of low toxicity;
After discharging Predatory Mites, find the summer slightly or the autumn slightly has wood louse to occur,, 25% Acker Thailand water dispersible granules holy with 0.26% matrine or 0.3% nimbin or Avermectin, fruit prevented and treated; Or take out slightly at oranges and tangerines, when wood louse did not also occur,, 25% Acker safe water dispersible granules holy with 0.26% matrine or 0.3% nimbin or Avermectin, fruit prevented;
Every mandarin tree burst size is at one bag of Predatory Mites more than 300, and Yang Chu is carried on the back at mobile jib in the position of release, and the bag top is fixed on the Predatory Mites packaging bag on the mobile jib with drawing pin or staple, and the bag end leans against side shoot;
Described method comprises other insect of integrated control orangery, reducing agricultural chemicals uses, round the self regulating and control ability that is conducive to citrus ecosystem system, make up take " Using predatory mite to control pest mites " as core the green prevention and control system of integrated natural regulation and control, biological control, physical control, chemical control.
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