CN103120105B - Method for controlling diaphorina citri and citrus greening diseases in citrus orchard - Google Patents
Method for controlling diaphorina citri and citrus greening diseases in citrus orchard Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling diaphorina citri and citrus greening diseases in a citrus orchard. The method includes: building windbreaks: windbreaks with at least 2-3 layers of trees are planted around the citrus orchard; diaphorina citri on diaphorina citri hosts within 2000m around the citrus orchard is controlled and killed, medicament which is used is conventional insecticide for killing the diaphorina citri, and the insecticide is conventionally sprayed at fixed period in the last ten-day period of February, the first ten-day period of May, the last ten-day period of August and the last ten-day period of November every year to kill the diaphorina citri; and the diaphorina citri in the citrus orchard is controlled and killed, the periods of diaphorina citri control of the citrus orchard are germination periods of shoots, the insecticide is sprayed at each shoot period, key control periods are the early summer shoot period and the early autumn shoot period, in the usual, the diaphorina citri is immediately controlled through insecticide spraying if found, the medicament which is used is the conventional insecticide for killing the diaphorina citri, and the insecticide is conventionally sprayed to kill the diaphorina citri. Through observation in about 5 years, a result shows that the effect of diaphorina citri control in the citrus orchard is stable, and the incidence of citrus greening diseases is low and can be controlled under 0.1%..
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of pest control, be specifically related to a kind of method of citrus orchard control oranges and tangerines wood louse and yellow twig.
Background technology:
China is Orange Producing big country in the world, and Citrus Industry is China's Major agro-industry, occupies extremely important status in agricultural economy, in promoting increasing peasant income, increasing social employment and building Socialist New, brings into play extremely important effect.Oranges and tangerines damage by disease and insect is the major obstacles of Aspects In The Development of Citrus Industry, and wherein the most serious is the Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen that is called as oranges and tangerines " cancer ".Along with the fast development of Orange Producing, the generation of Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen and cause harm more and more serious.This disease is the one great contagious disease of causing harm, its popular duration is long, morbidity scope is wide, the incidence of disease is high, cause China most areas oranges and tangerines life-span short, yield poorly, production cost is high, annual economic loss, up to multi-million dollar, seriously perplexs and restricts the development of Citrus Industry in China and even world wide.Result of study proves, and the yellow twig pathogen transmission in field is caused by oranges and tangerines wood louse.Therefore, control oranges and tangerines wood louse, the population quantity of minimizing field oranges and tangerines wood louse, becomes the key problem that solves yellow twig.
Guangdong Province Insects Research Institute is comparing systematic research aspect oranges and tangerines wood louse, and field result shows, if control oranges and tangerines wood louse well, yellow twig can effectively be controlled.The survey showed that for we, and current oranges and tangerines wood louse and yellow twig serious main cause occur and be: (1) human factor.First, cause in poor harvest situation in market and weather reason, peasant household will negligence of management or does not simply manage, and causes oranges and tangerines wood louse population to rise.Secondly, due to the construction of highway, industrial park, government compensation is sat back and waited in some orchards, does not manage, and the last garden of discarding that becomes, these orchards, also just becomes oranges and tangerines wood louse breeding ground and provenance storehouse.Investigation according to us on Guangdong four meetings, Yunan, Deqing and other places, highway all exists granulated sugar tangerine, tribute mandarin orange, the Calusena lansium of varying number to discard garden near building and passing by ground, industrial park, and in garden, oranges and tangerines wood louse quantity is many, and population density is high.(2) there is no the directly Prevention Technique for yellow twig pathogen.Although there are some researches show very early yellow twig cause of disease to antibiotics sensitivity, and have research and test to show can treat yellow twig with injecting method, never apply in production practices.Analyze its reason, we think, first because such research reports that early injection technique was comparatively backward at that time, so operability is not strong; Next is that Antibiotics is less, and the effect of medicine is poor, is difficult to obtain in field satisfied control efficiency, therefore extensively promotion and application.
Therefore, need comprehensive technology of controlling the technology of oranges and tangerines wood louse and effectively preventing and treating yellow twig.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that can comprehensively control oranges and tangerines wood louse and yellow twig in citrus orchard
The method of citrus orchard control oranges and tangerines wood louse of the present invention and yellow twig, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(a) plant windbreak forests: the wind break that has 2 ~ 3 layers of trees in the surrounding plantation of citrus orchard at least;
(b) prevent and treat and kill citrus orchard around 2000m with the oranges and tangerines wood louse on interior oranges and tangerines wood louse host, medicament used is the conventional insecticide that kills oranges and tangerines wood louse, spray medicine is regularly routine spray of annual late Febuary, the first tenday period of a month in May, late August and late November medicine, to kill oranges and tangerines wood louse;
(c) prevent and treat and kill the oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard, be each young sprout budding period oranges and tangerines wood louse control period of citrus orchard, at each spray of every tip phase medicine, the keypoint control phase is early summer shoot phase and early autumn growth phase, usually, if find citrus psylla, spray medicine control at once, medicament used is the conventional insecticide that kills oranges and tangerines wood louse, and conventional spray medicine, to kill citrus psylla.
Described wind break is preferably 3 layers, wherein 2 layers of Eucalyptus Stand Eucalyptus sp., 1 layer of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation Casuarina equisetifoliaL.
The spray medicine of described step (2) be annual late Febuary, the first tenday period of a month in May, late August and late November regularly conventional spray medicine respectively once, annual 4 times.
Described step (3) at each spray of every tip phase medicine preferably each spray of every tip phase medicine 1-2 time.
The inventor finds, if planted windbreak forests around citrus orchard, and in controlling citrus orchard oranges and tangerines wood louse, the oranges and tangerines wood louse of neighboring area is sprayed to medicine to be killed (if there is non-citrus oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant in citrus orchard, also spray medicine control), in citrus orchard, the control efficiency of citrus psylla can significantly improve, and the incidence of disease of yellow twig is extremely low.How, the present invention is implemented in orchard, through the observation of nearly 5 years, result shows, citrus orchard oranges and tangerines wood louse control efficiency is stable, the Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen incidence of disease is low, can be controlled at below 0.1 ‰, therefore the present invention is applicable to the citrus orchard of different area, different cultivars, especially the not long new orchard of implantation time.The present invention can effectively preventing citrus psylla and is controlled the generation of yellow twig, but can not treat the disease tree that yellow twig has occurred, and for the disease tree that yellow twig occurs, confirming as after the sick tree of yellow twig, roots out disease and sets.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the interior oranges and tangerines wood louse population dynamic of the citrus orchard of embodiment 1, the dynamic change of A. adult quantity, the dynamic change of B. nymph quantity, the dynamic change of C. ovum quantity.
Embodiment:
Following examples are to further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Select one of them growing area 505th district, a large-scale production Xia Cheng garden to implement technical scheme of the present invention, plant summer orange Olympic and reach in garden, oranges and tangerines nursery stock is nontoxic seedling, approximately 20000 mu of cultivated areas, and line-spacing 7m, spacing in the rows 3m, implements mechanized operation in garden.Implement sward cultivation in the ranks, retain weeds.
1, plant windbreak forests: orchard is afforestation around, and specification is 2 layers of Eucalyptus Stand Eucalyptus sp., 1 layer of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation Casuarina equisetifoliaL.
2, investigation orangery oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant around
Oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant, comprise all plants that the life of oranges and tangerines wood louse is provided, be mainly Rutaceae Rutaceae plant, wherein focal investigation comprises that oranges and tangerines Citrus spp., Murraya Murraya, Clausena Clausena, Jiu Bing le belong to the plant of Atalantia and Fortunella Fortunella.
Growing area 505th district wherein, investigation citrus orchard base around 2000m, with interior oranges and tangerines wood louse main host plants, comprise mandarin tree Citrus spp., teak C.maxima, wampee Clausena lansium, kamuning Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacks etc.Record investigation result, draw oranges and tangerines wood louse main host plants plant distribution situation, so that the control of spray medicine.Because shaddock class tree type is tall and big, therefore in investigation, separate investigation statistics with other citrus plants.
The present invention investigates and finds that citrus orchard has 9 places outward and has oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant to exist, by host plant distributed points from the near to the remote distance conclusion as table 1.
Table 1: citrus orchard 505 growing area surrounding area oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant kinds, quantity and distribution distance
As shown in table 1, around 2000m is with oranges and tangerines wood louse host plants such as interior mandarin tree, teak, wampee, kamuning in oranges and tangerines plantation, and host plant sum reaches 803 strains, wampee 684 strains, mandarin tree 83 strains, grapefruit 16 strains, kamuning 20 strains.Wherein, distributed points is apart from citrus orchard 200m recently, and this distance has 42 strains of oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant, is respectively wampee 35 strains, mandarin tree 5 strains, grapefruit 2 strains, there is no kamuning growth; Distributed points is apart from oranges and tangerines 1500m recently, and this distance has 14 strains of oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant, is respectively wampee 10 strains, mandarin tree 2 strains, grapefruit 0 strain, kamuning 2 strains.
3, prevent and treat and kill the citrus orchard growing area 505th district oranges and tangerines wood louse on oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant in 2000m around
Annual spray medicine 4 times.Spray date: the 1st time in late Febuary, the 2nd time in the first tenday period of a month in May, and the 3rd time in late August, and the 4th is in late November.Common drug and working concentration: 1000 times of the high chlorine microemulsions of 5% first dimension salt, 1000 times of 3% acetamiprid ECs, 5% 4000 times of Avermectin breasts, 5000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, routine sprays.Each medicine uses in turn.To kill oranges and tangerines wood louse.
4, prevent and treat and kill the oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard growing area 505th district
Respectively spray medicine 1-2 time in every tip phase.The orange young budding period, especially early summer shoot and early keypoint control when autumn growth.When operation, carry out with phyllocnistis citrella stainton simultaneously, in phyllocnistis citrella stainton control medicament, add control oranges and tangerines wood louse medicament.Common drug and the working concentration of control oranges and tangerines wood louse medicament: 1000 times of the high chlorine microemulsions of 5% first dimension salt, 1000 times of 3% acetamiprid ECs, 5% 4000 times of Avermectin breasts, 5000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, routine sprays.In insect pest situation generaI investigation at ordinary times, occur as found that there is oranges and tangerines wood louse, the citrus orchard plot occurring is sprayed to medicine control at once.Prophylactico-therapeutic measures, taking spray medicine as main, sprays medicament taking biologic product as main.
5, the oranges and tangerines wood louse in investigation citrus orchard growing area 505th district
5.1 investigation methods:
Comprise conventional survey and focal investigation.
Conventional survey is monthly the mandarin tree in full citrus orchard growing area 505th district to be carried out to insect pest situation conventional survey, and in investigation garden, the insect such as two spotted spider mite, citrus leaf-miner, coccid, oranges and tangerines wood louse, generally investigates in garden, a situation arises, and investigation is monthly carried out 1 time.
Focal investigation is easily to find 2 periods of oranges and tangerines wood louse in the first tenday period of a month in annual late April to May (early summer shoot budding period), late July to early August (early autumn growth budding period), a situation arises for special investigation oranges and tangerines wood louse, particularly, to easily the sink mandarin tree in plot in plot, nearly village of shortcut limit, crossing, air port, low-lying air-flow, carry out emphasis and repeatedly investigate.
Investigation method is range estimation investigation.When investigation, around sample tree one week, the adult that record is observed, simultaneously every strain tree by east, south, west, north, in five directions select 3 branch, young sprout is taken out the young sprout of selecting 3-4cm while sending out, investigation records oranges and tangerines wood louse adult, nymph and ovum.When investigation, if afternoon, sunshine was stronger, focal investigation vacuum side of blade backlight.Record investigation is to adult, nymph and ovum quantity.
4.2 investigation result
Every row investigation strain 10 is set, and the first row is investigated this row 1-10 strain, and every two row are investigated the 11-20 strain of this row, so analogizes, the continuation of turning back during to capable end.Investigate altogether 3600 strain mandarin trees.
In experiment garden (citrus orchard growing area 505th district), adult, nymph and ovum show as Fig. 1 in different months in annual, can find out that adult is having a peak period 4-5 month every year, and second peak appears in the 7-8 month, sometimes have a little high honeybee phase appearance October; Nymph also has similar rule with ovum, but different year peak value is different.
Oranges and tangerines wood louse adult quantity is as table 2, table 2 is the upper adult sum of the tree of investigation sample monthly, can find out, when within 2008, just enforcement is of the present invention, adult quantity is the highest, and sum reaches 56/3600 strains, along with enforcement of the present invention, adult quantity reduces gradually, and the fraction of the year of 2009 to 2012, oranges and tangerines wood louse adult sum is respectively 35,27,24,17.In single investigation, quantity occurs at most in July, 2008, reach 15/3600 strains, when single investigation, statistical magnitude unit is head/3600 strain, a situation arises cannot to react field oranges and tangerines wood louse adult, in addition because the index for control of oranges and tangerines wood louse finds in field that for needing only oranges and tangerines wood louse needs control, therefore, quantity need be changed, " head/3600 strain " quantity is converted to oranges and tangerines wood louse adult quantity " head/mu " in unit are herein, when conversion by every mu of 36 strains, table 2 is every mu of oranges and tangerines wood louse adult quantity after converting, it can be seen from the table, the highest insect density of adult is 0.15/mu, adult quantity is controlled in a low-down level.From table 2, be not difficult to find out, citrus orchard oranges and tangerines wood louse is not eradicated, and but can be controlled at a very low level of density.
Table 2: in experiment garden oranges and tangerines wood louse adult a situation arises
Note: A. early summer shoot sprouts, and B. summer shoot in evening is sprouted, and C. early autumn growth sprouts, and the D. tip in late fall is sprouted
From 2008, after these citrus orchard growing area 505th districts implement to process with the present invention, its yellow twig tree rate was as shown in table 3:
Table 3: the yellow twig tree rate of different year
| Time | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| Yellow twig tree rate (%) | 0.8 | 0.65 | 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.01 |
As can be seen from Table 3, implemented technical scheme of the present invention at this citrus orchard from 2008, yellow twig tree rate drops to 0.01% from 0.8%, as can be seen here, utilizes the present invention effectively citrus yellow shoot disease to be controlled and to be treated.
Comparative example 1:
HaoTian orchard, Lechang, Shaoguan, 1000 mu, plantation in 2009, kind is navel orange, is nontoxic seedling when plantation.This citrus orchard is around without wind break, and do not investigate and control oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard surrounding environment, according to the method for embodiment 1, only prevents and treats the oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard.
On January 23rd, 2012, the survey showed that, and yellow twig incidence exceedes 60% in citrus orchard, and have oranges and tangerines wood louse to exist, and in garden, in a discarded nursery, has on the citrus orchard of the tender tip, has oranges and tangerines wood louse adult.
As can be seen here, only preventing and treating oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard, is to reach the requirement of controlling yellow twig.
Comparative example 2:
BeiHair-Xia Cheng orchard, 3000 mu, plantation in 1998, kind is summer orange, is nontoxic seedling when plantation.Have wind break, wind break is: 1 layer of horsetail beefwood of 2 layers of Eucalyptus Stand, do not investigate and control oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard surrounding environment, and only prevent and treat oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard.
2003 Nian Quan garden yellow twig outbursts, between 2005-2008, mandarin tree is all rooted out.
By embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 can be found out, simple wind break or the simple citrus psylla in citrus orchard are prevented and treated all and can not citrus yellow shoot disease be controlled and be treated, only have organically wind break, prevent and treat and kill the citrus orchard citrus psylla in 2000 meters around, prevent and treat and kill three means of citrus psylla in citrus orchard in conjunction with can effectively controlling and prevent and treat citrus yellow shoot disease.
Claims (3)
1. a method for citrus orchard control oranges and tangerines wood louse and yellow twig, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(a) plant windbreak forests: plant the wind break of the trees that have three layers in the surrounding of citrus orchard, wherein 2 layers of Eucalyptus Stand Eucalyptus sp., 1 layer of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation Casuarina equisetifolia L;
(b) prevent and treat and kill citrus orchard around 2000m with the oranges and tangerines wood louse on interior oranges and tangerines wood louse host, medicament used is the conventional insecticide that kills oranges and tangerines wood louse, spray medicine is regularly routine spray of annual late Febuary, the first tenday period of a month in May, late August and late November medicine, to kill oranges and tangerines wood louse;
(c) prevent and treat and kill the oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard, be each young sprout budding period oranges and tangerines wood louse control period of citrus orchard, at each spray of every tip phase medicine, the keypoint control phase is early summer shoot phase and early autumn growth phase, usually, if find citrus psylla, spray medicine control at once, medicament used is the conventional insecticide that kills oranges and tangerines wood louse, and conventional spray medicine, to kill citrus psylla.
2. the method for citrus orchard control oranges and tangerines wood louse according to claim 1 and yellow twig, it is characterized in that, the spray medicine of described step (b) be annual late Febuary, the first tenday period of a month in May, late August and late November regularly conventional spray medicine respectively once, annual 4 times.
3. the method for citrus orchard control oranges and tangerines wood louse according to claim 1 and yellow twig, is characterized in that, described step (c) be each spray of every tip phase medicine 1-2 time at each spray of every tip phase medicine.
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