CN110352756B - Method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on handheld microwave device - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device, and relates to the technical field of microwave application. The positive rate of the diaphorina citri is divided into 3 times which are equal, wherein the positive rate is less than 40%, not less than 40% and less than 80%, and not less than 80%; then aiming at different psylla chinensis positive rates, different microwave killing processes are adopted, when orchard workers hold a microwave device for 2-4 times to kill psylla chinensis nymphs at intervals, the microwave power is gradually increased from the lowest value of 300-. The method for killing the diaphorina citri nymphs is remarkable, the detection rate of the diaphorina citri after microwave treatment can be reduced by more than 90 percent, the population quantity of the diaphorina citri in an orchard is greatly reduced, the capability of the diaphorina citri in spreading citrus huanglongbing is limited, the spreading and spreading of the diaphorina citri are effectively prevented, no chemical agent is needed, and the method is low in cost, ecological, environment-friendly and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave application, and particularly relates to a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device.
Background
Citrus Huanglongbing (huangglongbing) is the first devastating disease of current global citrus production, caused by the parasitizing brevibacterium within the phloem of plants. Due to the serious hazards and high mortality, and the lack of effective prevention and control methods to date, huanglongbing is known as citrus "cancer".
The diaphorina citri is the only natural transmission medium of the diaphorina citri in the field, the whole life cycle of the diaphorina citri comprises three stages of eggs, nymphs and adults, the adults and the nymphs suck the primary peel juice in a large amount to obtain and transmit the diaphorina citri, and timely and effectively controlling the population quantity of the diaphorina citri is an effective way for preventing and treating the diaphorina citri. The traditional method for controlling the diaphorina citri mainly comprises two methods of physical trapping and chemical killing. Chinese patent CN201810639091 (application number) discloses application of a special light source in trapping citrus psyllids and a citrus psyllid trap, wherein the wavelength of the special light source is 409.9 nm-511.6 nm, and when the light source with the wavelength is used, the effect of trapping the citrus psyllids by lamplight can be greatly improved; meanwhile, the special light source has single wavelength and strong pertinence, has strong specificity for trapping diaphorina citri, and has small harm to other insects, particularly beneficial insects. Chinese patent CN201810370904 (application number) discloses a diaphorina citri control device and method, which comprises a spawning mechanism and a light trapping mechanism, wherein the spawning mechanism comprises a supporting body, the supporting body comprises a root, a side surface of the root is connected with a supporting blade, the length of the supporting body is L, and L is more than 0 and less than 10 mm. The other side surface of the root part is connected with a bearing installation part. The light trapping mechanism is provided with an ultraviolet lamp, and the wavelength range of the ultraviolet light generated by the ultraviolet lamp is 390nm-405 nm. Chinese patent CN201810428158 (application number) discloses an insecticidal composition suitable for preventing and controlling diaphorina citri by drip irrigation, the active ingredients of the insecticidal composition are binary complex formulation of sulfoxaflor and cyantraniliprole, and the optimal synergistic ratio of indoor bioassay of the insecticidal composition to the diaphorina citri is 5: 3. Chinese patent CN201510931478 discloses a pharmaceutical composition for controlling diaphorina citri. The drug comprises acetamiprid and rotenone, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the acetamiprid to the rotenone is 5-15: 1. the problem of low trapping efficiency when the citrus psyllids are physically trapped, and pesticide residues are easily generated in chemical drug control, so that the product quality of citrus is influenced. Therefore, the development of a novel method for controlling diaphorina citri is urgently needed.
The microwave is a short for a limited frequency band in radio waves, and refers to electromagnetic waves with the frequency of 300 MHz-300 GHz, namely the wavelength of 1 mm-1 m. The microwave radiation has the advantages of short time, quick temperature rise, uniform temperature, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety, environmental protection, sensitive reaction, simple equipment, convenient control and the like, and is a novel physical sterilization and disinsection technology. The advantages of microwaves derive from the thermal and non-thermal effects of microwaves. In the microwave sterilization and disinsection process, bacteria or pests are always in the microwave electromagnetic environment and are subjected to the action of two fields, namely a temperature field and an electromagnetic field, created by the microwave electromagnetic field. When the microwave penetrates through a medium due to the high-frequency characteristic of the microwave, polar molecules such as water, nucleic acid, protein and the like are subjected to orientation movement under the action of an alternating electric field, and the polar molecules rub against each other to generate heat, so that the temperature is increased, and molecules such as nucleic acid, protein and the like in a microorganism body are denatured and inactivated, thereby achieving the effect of killing pathogenic microorganisms and pests. Chinese patent No. cn201110026996.x (application number) discloses a method for killing vegetable insects by microwaves, which aims at vegetable insects with water content of more than 60% in vivo, and comprises the following working processes: determining the transmitting power of an oscillation source, the frequency of a high-frequency signal generated by the oscillation source, and the pulse width and the repetition frequency of a modulation signal according to the difference of the types of the cabbage worms; generating a high-frequency signal with the working frequency of x centimeter wave band by using an oscillation source; step three, generating a pulse signal with the pulse width W and the repetition frequency f as a modulation signal; step four, modulating the high-frequency signal generated by the oscillation source by using the modulation signal in the step three to generate a high-frequency pulse signal; controlling the transmitting power of an oscillation source to enable the peak power of the generated high-frequency pulse signal to be P; step five, adopting the high-frequency pulse signal obtained in the step four to transmit the vegetables, wherein the transmitting time is 1-3 s; wherein, the value range of x is 3-6, the value range of W is 1.5-2.0 microseconds, the value range of f is 3-4KHz, and the value range of P is 9-11 KW. Chinese patent CN201810362098.3 (application number) provides a method for killing or killing tea leafhoppers in a tea garden by microwaves, comprising the following steps: step S1, arranging a support frame on a ridge of the tea garden, erecting two guide rails on the support frame, and respectively arranging two small rail cars on the two guide rails; step S2, arranging a support frame among the four small-sized railcars, arranging connecting pieces downwards around the bottom of the support frame, erecting an arc-shaped cover body at the bottom of the four connecting pieces, wherein the cross section of the arc-shaped cover body is in an inverted U shape; step S3, arranging a plurality of microwave antennas on the inner side wall of the arc-shaped cover body; a solar panel is arranged on the arc-shaped cover body, and a storage battery and a charging and discharging circuit are arranged on the supporting frame; step S4, connecting the solar panel with the charging and discharging circuit, connecting the charging and discharging circuit with the storage battery, and connecting the charging and discharging circuit with the microwave antenna and the small-sized railcar; and step S5, starting the microwave antenna, starting the small-sized rail car, enabling the small-sized rail car to slide on the guide rail to drive the supporting frame to move, covering the arc-shaped cover body on tea leaves on ridges of the tea garden, and carrying out microwave emission on tea lesser leafhoppers on the tea garden through the microwave antenna so as to carry out insecticidal operation. Microwave pest killing has been well applied in the aspect of controlling certain pests, however, no microwave killing method aiming at the diaphorina citri exists at present.
The diaphorina citri imagoes have the characteristics of bouncing movement and short-distance flight, and the diaphorina citri can escape everywhere when the diaphorina citri imagoes are killed in a movable mode in an orchard, so that the killing effect is poor. And the psylla nymphs are classified into 1-5-year nymphs, the 1-3-year nymphs hardly move, and the 4-5-year nymphs have weak crawling capability and can only crawl slowly on young tips. Therefore, the method for killing the diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device is developed aiming at the characteristic that the diaphorina citri nymphs have weak mobility, the diaphorina citri nymphs can be killed efficiently and non-toxically, generation transfer of the diaphorina citri is cut off, the control of the number of the diaphorina citri populations in a citrus orchard is facilitated, and the propagation and spread of the citrus yellow shoot are controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device, which can specifically kill the diaphorina citri nymphs at fixed points or in a small area.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device comprises the following steps:
(1) psyllid nymph survey: randomly extracting the citrus fruit trees to carry out diaphorina citri investigation, and determining that any one of psylla eggs, psylla nymphs or psylla adults on the citrus fruit trees is positive for the psylla;
(2) planning a microwave killing route: taking each middle line of the citrus fruit trees as a travelling route of an orchard worker holding the microwave device to cover each fruit tree in the orchard;
(3) killing diaphorina citri by microwave: according to the investigation result of the step (1), killing the diaphorina citri nymphs by using a handheld microwave device, which specifically comprises the following steps: when the positive rate of the psylla chinensis in the orchard is less than 40%, sequentially carrying out microwave killing on the psylla citrina nymphs by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device for 2 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 5-20 min, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 400W plus materials, the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 500W plus materials, and the frequency is 890 MHz-940 MHz; when the positive rate of the psylla chinensis in the orchard is more than or equal to 40% and less than 80%, sequentially performing microwave killing on the psylla citrina oranges by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device for 3 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 5-15 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker to hold the microwave device for the 1 st time is 400W and the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker to hold the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 600W and the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker to hold the microwave device for the 3 rd time is 800W and the frequency is 890 MHz-940 MHz; when the positive rate of the psylla chinensis in the orchard is more than or equal to 80 percent, sequentially carrying out microwave killing on the psylla citrina nymphs by using orchard workers by holding the microwave device for 4 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 5-10 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker 1 st holding the microwave device is 400W, the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker 2 nd holding the microwave device is 500 + 600W, the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker 3 rd holding the microwave device is 700 + 800W, the frequency is 890 MHz-940, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker 4 th holding the microwave device is 900 + 1000W, and the frequency is 890 MHz-940;
(4) and (3) repeatedly killing psylla nymphs: and (3) checking the citrus orchard every 15-30 days, and repeating the step (2) to the step (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found, so that the purpose of killing the citrus psyllid nymphs for a long time based on the handheld microwave device is achieved.
As a further illustration of the invention: in the step (3), the height of the microwave antenna of the handheld microwave device is flush with the middle part of the citrus crown, the horizontal distance between the microwave antenna and the citrus is 20-50 cm, and the microwave is emitted in the direction back to orchard workers.
As a further illustration of the invention: in the step (3), the hand-held microwave device is provided with a protective baffle which can prevent microwaves from irradiating orchard workers.
As a further illustration of the invention: the horizontal travelling speed of the orchard worker is 0.05-0.1 m/s.
As a further illustration of the invention: in the step (3), the microwave is a plane microwave, and the plane microwave is a continuous microwave or a pulse microwave.
As a further illustration of the invention: the pulse width of the pulse microwave is 10-200 ms, and the intermittent time is 20-100 ms.
As a further illustration of the invention: in the step (3), when the masquercus louse positive rate of the orchard is less than 40%, performing microwave killing on the psylla citri nymphs by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device for 2 times in sequence, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 20 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 40W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 600W, and the frequency is 915 MHz.
As a further illustration of the invention: in the step (3), when the masquercus louse positive rate of the orchard worker is more than or equal to 40% and less than 80%, microwave killing is sequentially carried out on the psylla citri nymphs by using the microwave device which is held by the orchard worker for 3 times, the microwave killing interval time of each time is 15 min, the microwave transmitting power of the microwave device which is held by the orchard worker for the 1 st time is 350W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the microwave device which is held by the orchard worker for the 2 nd time is 550W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the microwave device which is held by the orchard worker for the 3 rd time is 750W and the frequency is 915.
As a further illustration of the invention: in the step (3), when the masquercus louse positive rate of the orchard worker is more than or equal to 80%, the orchard worker sequentially carries out microwave killing on the psylla citri nymphs by holding the microwave device for 4 times, the microwave killing interval time is 10 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 400W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 600W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 3 rd time is 800W, the frequency is 915 MHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 4 th time is 1000W, and the frequency is 915 MHz.
As a further illustration of the invention: and (4) checking the citrus orchard every 15 days, and repeating the steps (2) to (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the microwave radiation has the advantages of short time, quick temperature rise, uniform temperature, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety, environmental protection, sensitive reaction, simple equipment, convenient control and the like, and is a novel physical sterilization and disinsection technology. Diaphorina citri lays eggs on the leaves, nymphs of low age cannot move, nymphs of high age can only move slowly, and adults can bounce and move and fly at short distance. The development cycle of the psyllid eggs to adults is on average 43.5 days at 18 ℃. Aiming at the characteristic, the invention specifically kills the psylla nymphs in a small range at fixed points or in a region based on the handheld microwave device. Firstly, investigating diaphorina citri nymphs, dividing the positive rate of the diaphorina citri into 3 times which are equal, wherein the positive rate is less than 40%, not less than 40% and not less than 80%, and not less than 80%; then different microwave killing processes are adopted according to different psylla positive rates, and particularly, according to the technical scheme of the claims or the specification, when orchard workers hold a microwave device for 2-4 times to kill psylla nymphs at intervals, the microwave power is gradually increased from 300-. And finally, on the basis that the average development cycle from the diaphorina ovata to the imago is 43.5 days, the diaphorina armoridis is repeatedly killed every 15-30 days, preferably 15 days, so that the propagation passage of the diaphorina armoridis is completely blocked, the number of the diaphorina armoridis populations in the citrus orchard is reduced, and the spread of the citrus yellow shoot is controlled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) different handheld microwave device nymph killing schemes are formulated according to the positive rate of the psyllids in the citrus orchard, the microwave power and the microwave frequency are optimized and combined, the method is scientific and reasonable, and the psyllid nymphs can be killed to the maximum extent and the labor and material cost can be reduced.
(2) The hand-held microwave device is adopted to kill insects, the psylla nymphs are killed at specific points or in regions in a small range, and the method is particularly suitable for complex orchard terrains which cannot kill the psylla in an unmanned aerial vehicle or mechanical mode.
(3) The handheld microwave device emits microwaves from each middle line of the citrus fruit tree as a travelling route, and each citrus fruit tree can realize microwave treatment, so that psyllium ova, psyllium nymphs and psyllium adults can cause high-frequency oscillation damage and heat killing damage, and full-generation killing of psyllids is realized.
(4) The microwave can kill various citrus pests such as red spider, leaf miner, rust tick, scale insect and eggs, larvae or nymphs thereof while killing the citrus psylla.
(5) The method for killing the diaphorina citri nymphs is remarkable, the detection rate of the diaphorina citri after microwave treatment can be reduced by more than 90 percent, the population quantity of the diaphorina citri in an orchard is greatly reduced, the capability of the diaphorina citri in spreading citrus huanglongbing is limited, the spreading and spreading of the diaphorina citri are effectively prevented, no chemical agent is needed, and the method is low in cost, ecological, environment-friendly and efficient.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device comprises the following steps:
(1) psyllid nymph survey: randomly extracting the citrus fruit trees to carry out diaphorina citri investigation, and determining that any one of psylla eggs, psylla nymphs or psylla adults found on the citrus fruit trees is positive to the psylla, wherein the positive rate of the psylla is 83%;
(2) planning a microwave killing route: taking each middle line of the citrus fruit trees as a travelling route of an orchard worker holding the microwave device to cover each fruit tree in the orchard;
(3) killing diaphorina citri by microwave: according to the investigation result of the step (1), killing the diaphorina citri nymphs of the citrus psyllids by using the handheld microwave device, wherein the height of a microwave antenna of the handheld microwave device is flush with the middle part of a crown of the citrus, the horizontal distance between the microwave antenna and the citrus is 30 cm, the microwave transmitting direction is that the microwave antenna is transmitted back to orchard workers, and the horizontal traveling speed of the handheld microwave device of the orchard workers is 0.05m/s, specifically: sequentially carrying out microwave killing on the diaphorina citri nymphs by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device for 4 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 10 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 400W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 600W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 3 rd time is 800W, the frequency is 915 MHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 4 th time is 1000W, and the frequency is 915 MHz; the handheld microwave device is provided with a protective baffle, the protective baffle can prevent microwaves from irradiating orchard workers, the microwaves are planar microwaves, the planar microwaves are pulse microwaves, the pulse width of the pulse microwaves is 80 ms, and the intermittent time of the pulse microwaves is 20 ms;
(4) and (3) repeatedly killing psylla nymphs: and (3) checking the citrus orchard every 15 days, and repeating the step (2) to the step (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found, so that the purpose of killing the citrus psyllid nymphs for a long time based on the handheld microwave device is achieved.
In the embodiment, the method is carried out in a navel orange orchard with an area of 38 mu, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave emission, 83 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 83%, the handheld microwave device is used for killing psyllids nymphs, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 6 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 6%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 92.8%, and the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Example 2:
a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device comprises the following steps:
(1) psyllid nymph survey: randomly extracting the citrus fruit trees to carry out diaphorina citri investigation, and determining that any one of psylla eggs, psylla nymphs or psylla adults found on the citrus fruit trees is positive to the psylla, wherein the psylla positive rate is 74 percent;
(2) planning a microwave killing route: taking each middle line of the citrus fruit trees as a travelling route of an orchard worker holding the microwave device to cover each fruit tree in the orchard;
(3) killing diaphorina citri by microwave: according to the investigation result of the step (1), killing the diaphorina citri nymphs of the citrus psyllids by using the handheld microwave device, wherein the height of a microwave antenna of the handheld microwave device is flush with the middle part of a crown of the citrus, the horizontal distance between the microwave antenna and the citrus is 20 cm, the microwave transmitting direction is that the microwave antenna is transmitted back to orchard workers, and the horizontal traveling speed of the handheld microwave device of the orchard workers is 0.08 m/s, which is specifically as follows: sequentially carrying out microwave killing on the diaphorina citri nymphs by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device for 3 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 15 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 1 st time is 350W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 2 nd time is 550W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 3 rd time is 750W, and the frequency is 915 MHz; the handheld microwave device is provided with a protective baffle, the protective baffle can prevent microwaves from irradiating orchard workers, the microwaves are planar microwaves, and the planar microwaves are continuous microwaves;
(4) and (3) repeatedly killing psylla nymphs: and (3) checking the citrus orchard every 15 days, and repeating the step (2) to the step (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found, so that the purpose of killing the citrus psyllid nymphs for a long time based on the handheld microwave device is achieved.
In the embodiment, 100 fruit trees in an orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave emission is carried out in a woolly citrus orchard with an area of 50 mu, 74 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 74%, the handheld microwave device is used for killing psyllids nymphs, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 7 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 7%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 90.5%, and the microwave citrus psyllids killing effect is very obvious.
Example 3:
a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device comprises the following steps:
(1) psyllid nymph survey: randomly extracting the citrus fruit trees to carry out diaphorina citri investigation, and determining that any one of psylla eggs, psylla nymphs or psylla adults found on the citrus fruit trees is positive to the psylla, wherein the psylla positive rate is 36 percent;
(2) planning a microwave killing route: taking each middle line of the citrus fruit trees as a travelling route of an orchard worker holding the microwave device to cover each fruit tree in the orchard;
(3) killing diaphorina citri by microwave: according to the investigation result of the step (1), killing the diaphorina citri nymphs of the citrus psyllids by using the handheld microwave device, wherein the height of a microwave antenna of the handheld microwave device is flush with the middle part of a crown of the citrus, the horizontal distance between the microwave antenna and the citrus is 50 cm, the microwave transmitting direction is that the microwave antenna is transmitted back to orchard workers, and the horizontal traveling speed of the handheld microwave device of the orchard workers is 0.1 m/s, which is specifically as follows: sequentially carrying out microwave killing on the diaphorina citri nymphs by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device 2 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 20 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device 1 time is 40W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device 2 time is 600W, and the frequency is 915 MHz; the handheld microwave device is provided with a protective baffle, the protective baffle can prevent microwaves from irradiating orchard workers, the microwaves are planar microwaves, the planar microwaves are pulse microwaves, the pulse width of the pulse microwaves is 200 ms, and the intermittent time of the pulse microwaves is 100 ms;
(4) and (3) repeatedly killing psylla nymphs: and (3) checking the citrus orchard every 30 days, and repeating the step (2) to the step (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found, so that the purpose of killing the citrus psyllid nymphs for a long time based on the handheld microwave device is achieved.
In the embodiment, the method is carried out in a sugar orange orchard with an area of 39 mu, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave emission, 36 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 36%, the handheld microwave device is used for killing psyllids nymphs, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 3 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 3%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 88.9%, and the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Example 4:
a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device comprises the following steps:
(1) psyllid nymph survey: randomly extracting the citrus fruit trees to carry out diaphorina citri investigation, and determining that any one of psylla eggs, psylla nymphs or psylla adults found on the citrus fruit trees is positive to the psylla, wherein the positive rate of the psylla is 85 percent;
(2) planning a microwave killing route: taking each middle line of the citrus fruit trees as a travelling route of an orchard worker holding the microwave device to cover each fruit tree in the orchard;
(3) killing diaphorina citri by microwave: according to the investigation result of the step (1), killing the diaphorina citri nymphs of the citrus psyllids by using the handheld microwave device, wherein the height of a microwave antenna of the handheld microwave device is flush with the middle part of a crown of the citrus, the horizontal distance between the microwave antenna and the citrus is 40 cm, the microwave transmitting direction is that the microwave antenna is transmitted back to orchard workers, and the horizontal traveling speed of the handheld microwave device of the orchard workers is 0.06 m/s, which is specifically as follows: sequentially carrying out microwave killing on the diaphorina citri nymphs by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device for 4 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 5 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 1 st time is 300W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 2 nd time is 500W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 3 rd time is 700W, the frequency is 915 MHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 4 th time is 9000W, and the frequency is 915 MHz; the handheld microwave device is provided with a protective baffle, the protective baffle can prevent microwaves from irradiating orchard workers, the microwaves are planar microwaves, the planar microwaves are pulse microwaves, the pulse width of the pulse microwaves is 100 ms, and the intermittent time of the pulse microwaves is 100 ms;
(4) and (3) repeatedly killing psylla nymphs: and (4) checking the citrus orchard every 25 days, and repeating the step (2) to the step (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found, so that the purpose of killing the citrus psyllid nymphs for a long time based on the handheld microwave device is achieved.
In the embodiment, the method is carried out in a navel orange orchard with an area of 45 mu, before microwave emission, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked, 85 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 85%, the handheld microwave device is used for killing psyllids nymphs, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 9 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 9%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 89.4%, and the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Example 5:
a method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device comprises the following steps:
(1) psyllid nymph survey: randomly extracting the citrus fruit trees to carry out diaphorina citri investigation, and determining that any one of psylla eggs, psylla nymphs or psylla adults found on the citrus fruit trees is positive to the psylla, wherein the psylla positive rate is 53 percent;
(2) planning a microwave killing route: taking each middle line of the citrus fruit trees as a travelling route of an orchard worker holding the microwave device to cover each fruit tree in the orchard;
(3) killing diaphorina citri by microwave: according to the investigation result of the step (1), killing the diaphorina citri nymphs of the citrus psyllids by using the handheld microwave device, wherein the height of a microwave antenna of the handheld microwave device is flush with the middle part of a crown of the citrus, the horizontal distance between the microwave antenna and the citrus is 30 cm, the microwave transmitting direction is that the microwave antenna is transmitted back to orchard workers, and the horizontal traveling speed of the handheld microwave device of the orchard workers is 0.07 m/s, which is specifically as follows: sequentially carrying out microwave killing on the diaphorina citri nymphs by using orchard workers to hold the microwave device for 3 times, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 10 min each time, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 1 st time is 400W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 2 nd time is 500W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for 3 rd time is 800W, and the frequency is 915 MHz; the handheld microwave device is provided with a protective baffle, the protective baffle can prevent microwaves from irradiating orchard workers, the microwaves are planar microwaves, and the planar microwaves are continuous microwaves;
(4) and (3) repeatedly killing psylla nymphs: and (3) checking the citrus orchard every 20 days, and repeating the step (2) to the step (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found, so that the purpose of killing the citrus psyllid nymphs for a long time based on the handheld microwave device is achieved.
In the embodiment, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave emission, 53 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the psyllid detection rate is 53%, the handheld microwave device is used for killing psyllid nymphs, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 5 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the psyllid detection rate is 5%, the reduction ratio of the psyllid detection rate is 90.6%, and the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Claims (9)
1. A method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on a handheld microwave device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) psyllid nymph survey: randomly extracting the citrus fruit trees to carry out diaphorina citri investigation, and determining that any one of psylla eggs, psylla nymphs or psylla adults on the citrus fruit trees is positive for the psylla;
(2) planning a microwave killing route: taking each middle line of the citrus fruit trees as a travelling route of an orchard worker holding the microwave device to cover each fruit tree in the orchard;
(3) killing diaphorina citri by microwave: according to the investigation result of the step (1), killing the diaphorina citri nymphs by using a handheld microwave device, which specifically comprises the following steps: when the positive rate of the psylla chinensis in the orchard is less than 40%, the orchard worker holds the microwave device for 2 times to sequentially kill the nymphs of the psylla chinensis by microwave, the microwave killing interval time is 5-20 min, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 300 plus 400W, the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 500 plus 600W, and the frequency is 890 MHz-940 MHz; when the positive rate of the psylla chinensis in the orchard is more than or equal to 40% and less than 80%, the orchard worker holds the microwave device for 3 times to sequentially kill the nymphs of the psylla chinensis in a microwave mode, the microwave killing interval time of each time is 5-15 min, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 400W and the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 500 + 600W and the frequency is 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 3 rd time is 700 + 800W and the frequency is 890 MHz-940 MHz; when the positive rate of the psylla chinensis in the orchard is more than or equal to 80 percent, the orchard worker holds the microwave device for 4 times to sequentially kill the nymphs of the psylla chinensis by microwaves, wherein the microwave killing interval time is 5-10 min, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 300-;
(4) and (3) repeatedly killing psylla nymphs: and (3) checking the citrus orchard every 15-30 days, and repeating the step (2) to the step (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found, so that the purpose of killing the citrus psyllid nymphs for a long time based on the handheld microwave device is achieved.
2. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the height of the microwave antenna of the handheld microwave device is flush with the middle part of the citrus crown, the horizontal distance between the microwave antenna and the citrus is 20-50 cm, and the microwave is emitted in the direction back to orchard workers.
3. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the hand-held microwave device is provided with a protective baffle which prevents microwaves from irradiating orchard workers.
4. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the horizontal travelling speed of the orchard worker is 0.05-0.1 m/s.
5. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the microwave is a plane microwave, and the plane microwave is a continuous microwave or a pulse microwave.
6. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pulse width of the pulse microwave is 10-200 ms, and the intermittent time is 20-100 ms.
7. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), when the masquercus louse positive rate of the orchard worker is more than or equal to 40% and less than 80%, the orchard worker holds the microwave device for 3 times to sequentially kill the psylla citri nymphs of the citrus psyllids, the microwave killing interval time of each time is 15 min, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 350W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 550W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 3 rd time is 750W and the frequency is 915 MHz.
8. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), when the masquercus louse positive rate of the orchard worker is more than or equal to 80%, the orchard worker sequentially carries out microwave killing on the psylla citri nymphs by holding the microwave device for 4 times, the microwave killing interval time of each time is 10 min, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 1 st time is 400W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 2 nd time is 600W, the frequency is 2.45 GHz, the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 3 rd time is 800W, the frequency is 915 MHz, and the microwave transmitting power of the orchard worker holding the microwave device for the 4 th time is 1000W, and the frequency is 915 MHz.
9. The method for killing diaphorina citri nymphs based on the handheld microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) checking the citrus orchard every 15 days, and repeating the steps (2) to (3) if positive fruit tree psyllids are found.
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