CN110250132B - Method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves - Google Patents

Method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110250132B
CN110250132B CN201910492759.9A CN201910492759A CN110250132B CN 110250132 B CN110250132 B CN 110250132B CN 201910492759 A CN201910492759 A CN 201910492759A CN 110250132 B CN110250132 B CN 110250132B
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microwave
emission
equipment
diaphorina citri
killing
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CN110250132A (en
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陈先锐
黄志民
黄端权
谢能中
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GUANGXI HEZHOU ZHENGFENG MODERN AGRICULTURE Co.,Ltd.
Guangxi Zhongke microwave advanced manufacturing industry technology Research Institute
Nanning Zhongke microwave advanced manufacturing industry technology Research Institute
Guangxi Academy of Sciences
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Guangxi Hezhou Zhengfeng Modern Agriculture Co ltd
Guangxi Zhongke Microwave Advanced Manufacturing Industry Technology Research Institute
Nanning Zhongke Microwave Advanced Manufacturing Industry Technology Research Institute
Guangxi Academy of Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/22—Killing insects by electric means
    • A01M1/226—Killing insects by electric means by using waves, fields or rays, e.g. sound waves, microwaves, electric waves, magnetic fields, light rays

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves, and relates to the technical field of microwave application. The microwave equipment is arranged in a grid in the citrus orchard, then the microwave equipment is automatically started for microwave emission from outside to inside in the citrus orchard, the microwave frequency is 890-940 MHz or 2.4-2.5 GHz, the power is 1-5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10-180 s, the intermittent time is 1-15 min, and microwaves are adopted to kill gathered citrus psyllids and repeat the microwave emission, so that the effect of killing the citrus psyllids for a long time is realized. The method has obvious effects of killing and expelling the diaphorina citri, can reduce the detectable rate of the diaphorina citri in an orchard by more than 90 percent, greatly limits the capability of the diaphorina citri to spread the citrus yellow shoot, can effectively prevent the spread of the yellow shoot, does not need to use chemical agents, and is an ecological, environment-friendly and efficient method for killing the diaphorina citri.

Description

Method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave application, and particularly relates to a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves.
Background
Citrus Huanglongbing (huangglongbing) is the first devastating disease of current global citrus production, caused by the parasitizing brevibacterium within the phloem of plants. Due to the serious hazards and high mortality, and the lack of effective prevention and control methods to date, huanglongbing is known as citrus "cancer". The diaphorina citri is the only natural transmission medium of the diaphorina citri in the field, the whole life cycle of the diaphorina citri comprises three stages of eggs, nymphs and adults, the adults and the nymphs suck the primary peel juice in a large amount to obtain and transmit the diaphorina citri, and timely and effectively controlling the population quantity of the diaphorina citri is an effective way for preventing and treating the diaphorina citri. The traditional method for controlling the diaphorina citri mainly comprises two methods of physical trapping and chemical killing. Chinese patent CN201810639091 (application number) discloses application of a special light source in trapping citrus psyllids and a citrus psyllid trap, wherein the wavelength of the special light source is 409.9 nm-511.6 nm, and when the light source with the wavelength is used, the effect of trapping the citrus psyllids by lamplight can be greatly improved; meanwhile, the special light source has single wavelength and strong pertinence, has strong specificity for trapping diaphorina citri, and has small harm to other insects, particularly beneficial insects. Chinese patent CN201810370904 (application number) discloses a diaphorina citri control device and method, which comprises a spawning mechanism and a light trapping mechanism, wherein the spawning mechanism comprises a supporting body, the supporting body comprises a root, a side surface of the root is connected with a supporting blade, the length of the supporting body is L, and L is more than 0 and less than 10 mm. The other side surface of the root part is connected with a bearing installation part. The light trapping mechanism is provided with an ultraviolet lamp, and the wavelength range of the ultraviolet light generated by the ultraviolet lamp is 390nm-405 nm. Chinese patent CN201810428158 (application number) discloses an insecticidal composition suitable for preventing and controlling diaphorina citri by drip irrigation, the active ingredients of the insecticidal composition are binary complex formulation of sulfoxaflor and cyantraniliprole, and the optimal synergistic ratio of indoor bioassay of the insecticidal composition to the diaphorina citri is 5: 3. Chinese patent CN201510931478 discloses a pharmaceutical composition for controlling diaphorina citri. The drug comprises acetamiprid and rotenone, wherein the mixing volume ratio of the acetamiprid to the rotenone is 5-15: 1. the problem of low trapping efficiency when the citrus psyllids are physically trapped, and pesticide residues are easily generated in chemical drug control, so that the product quality of citrus is influenced. Therefore, the development of a novel method for controlling diaphorina citri is urgently needed.
The microwave is a short for a limited frequency band in radio waves, and refers to electromagnetic waves with the frequency of 300 MHz-300 GHz. The microwave radiation has the advantages of short time, quick temperature rise, uniform temperature, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety, environmental protection, sensitive reaction, simple equipment, convenient control and the like, and is a novel physical sterilization and disinsection technology. The advantages of microwaves derive from the thermal and non-thermal effects of microwaves. In the microwave sterilization and disinsection process, bacteria or pests are always in the microwave electromagnetic environment and are subjected to the action of two fields, namely a temperature field and an electromagnetic field, created by the microwave electromagnetic field. When the microwave penetrates through a medium due to the high-frequency characteristic of the microwave, polar molecules such as water, nucleic acid, protein and the like are subjected to orientation movement under the action of an alternating electric field, and the polar molecules rub against each other to generate heat, so that the temperature is increased, and molecules such as nucleic acid, protein and the like in a microorganism body are denatured and inactivated, thereby achieving the effect of killing pathogenic microorganisms and pests. Chinese patent No. cn201110026996.x (application number) discloses a method for killing vegetable insects by microwaves, which aims at vegetable insects with water content of more than 60% in vivo, and comprises the following working processes: determining the transmitting power of an oscillation source, the frequency of a high-frequency signal generated by the oscillation source, and the pulse width and the repetition frequency of a modulation signal according to the difference of the types of the cabbage worms; generating a high-frequency signal with the working frequency of x centimeter wave band by using an oscillation source; step three, generating a pulse signal with the pulse width W and the repetition frequency f as a modulation signal; step four, modulating the high-frequency signal generated by the oscillation source by using the modulation signal in the step three to generate a high-frequency pulse signal; controlling the transmitting power of an oscillation source to enable the peak power of the generated high-frequency pulse signal to be P; step five, adopting the high-frequency pulse signal obtained in the step four to transmit the vegetables, wherein the transmitting time is 1-3 s; wherein, the value range of x is 3-6, the value range of W is 1.5-2.0 microseconds, the value range of f is 3-4KHz, and the value range of P is 9-11 KW. Chinese patent CN201810362098.3 (application number) provides a method for killing or killing tea leafhoppers in a tea garden by microwaves, comprising the following steps: step S1, arranging a support frame on a ridge of the tea garden, erecting two guide rails on the support frame, and respectively arranging two small rail cars on the two guide rails; step S2, arranging a support frame among the four small-sized railcars, arranging connecting pieces downwards around the bottom of the support frame, erecting an arc-shaped cover body at the bottom of the four connecting pieces, wherein the cross section of the arc-shaped cover body is in an inverted U shape; step S3, arranging a plurality of microwave generators on the inner side wall of the arc-shaped cover body; a solar panel is arranged on the arc-shaped cover body, and a storage battery and a charging and discharging circuit are arranged on the supporting frame; step S4, connecting the solar panel with the charging and discharging circuit, connecting the charging and discharging circuit with the storage battery, and connecting the charging and discharging circuit with the microwave generator and the small-sized rail car; and step S5, starting the microwave generator, starting the small-sized rail car, enabling the small-sized rail car to slide on the guide rail to drive the supporting frame to move, covering the arc-shaped cover body on tea leaves on ridges of the tea garden, and carrying out microwave emission on tea lesser leafhoppers on the tea garden through the microwave generator so as to carry out insecticidal operation. Microwave pest killing has been well applied in the aspect of controlling certain pests, however, no microwave killing method aiming at the diaphorina citri exists at present.
The adult diaphorina citri has the characteristics of bouncing movement and short-distance flight, and the method for killing the diaphorina citri by microwaves is developed aiming at the characteristics, so that the diaphorina citri can be killed efficiently and non-toxically, the control of the number of the diaphorina citri population in a citrus orchard is facilitated, and the spread and spread of the citrus greening disease are controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves comprises the following steps:
(1) microwave equipment arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of arranging microwave equipment in a divided grid manner in a citrus orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps: drawing a citrus orchard plan view to the center of gravity A of the orchard plan view0Sequentially drawing transverse and longitudinal straight lines at intervals of 20-100 m as a center, intersecting to form grid lines and covering the whole orchard plan, and respectively forming a plan view A0N squares A as centers1-AnWherein n is a natural number not less than 1, in A0And A1-AnMicrowave equipment is respectively arranged on the intersection points of the grid lines;
(2) killing and repelling diaphorina citri by microwave: when the average temperature is less than 14 ℃ or more than 18 ℃ and 0-4 hours in the morning, automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in the citrus orchard, wherein the microwave frequency is 890-940 MHz or 2.4-2.5 GHz, the power is 1-5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10-180 s, and the intermittent time is 1-15 min;
(3) killing gathered diaphorina citri by microwave: maintaining A at 4-5 am with average temperature less than 14 deg.C or more than 18 deg.C0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically started, other microwave equipment is automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 890 plus 940 MHz or 2.4-2.5 GHz and the power of 0.5-2 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10-180 s, the intermittent time is 1-5 min, the emission is carried out for 5-10 times, and then A is automatically closed0And square A1The microwave device above;
(4) repeating microwave emission: every 7-15 days is a microwave emission period, after one period of microwave emission, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission in the next period is repeated, so that the long-term killing of the diaphorina citri is realized.
As a further illustration of the invention, the microwave device in step (1) emits plane waves, and the plane waves are continuous waves or pulse waves.
As a further illustration of the invention, the pulse wave has a pulse width of 50-200 ms and a pause time of 20-100 ms.
As a further illustration of the invention, A0And square AnThe microwave emitting direction of the microwave equipment is the four-side emitting direction, namely a square A1-An-1The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0And (4) transmitting.
As a further illustration of the invention, the average air temperature is 12 ℃ or 20 ℃.
As a further explanation of the invention, the specific steps of the step (2) of automatically starting the microwave equipment from outside to inside in sequence to emit microwavesThe method comprises the following steps: automatic open outmost square A in orchardnThe microwave equipment performs microwave emission, and the square A is automatically opened at an interval of 1-5 minn-1The microwave equipment emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 1-5 minn-2The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave device above performs microwave transmission.
As a further explanation of the invention, in the step (2), microwave devices are automatically started from outside to inside in the citrus orchard for microwave emission, the microwave frequency is 2.45 GHz, the power is 3 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave device is 90 s, and the pause time is 8 min.
As a further illustration of the invention, in step (3), A is retained0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically turned on, other microwave equipment is automatically turned off, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the power of 1KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 120 s, the intermittent time is 3 min, the emission is carried out for 10 times, and then A is automatically turned off0And square A1The microwave device of (1).
As a further explanation of the invention, in the step (2), microwave devices are automatically started to perform microwave emission from outside to inside in the citrus orchard, the microwave frequency is 915 MHz, the power is 2 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave device is 120 s, and the intermittent time is 12 min.
As a further illustration of the invention, in step (3), A is retained0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically started, other microwave equipment is automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 915 MHz and the power of 0.5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 180 s, the intermittent time is 5 min, and the emission is carried out for 6 times.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the microwave radiation has the advantages of short time, quick temperature rise, uniform temperature, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety, environmental protection, sensitive reaction, simple equipment, convenient control and the like, and is a novel physical sterilization and disinsection technology. Diaphorina citri oviposits on leaves, the nymphs of low age cannot move and the nymphs of high ageCan only move slowly, and adults can move in a bouncing way and fly for a short distance. At the temperature below 8 ℃, the adults are almost still, at the temperature of 14 ℃, the adults can fly and jump to move, and at the temperature of 18 ℃, the adults start to lay eggs and propagate, so that the diaphorina citri moves less at the temperature of less than 14 ℃ or more than 18 ℃, and the adult diaphorina citri is suitable for killing. Aiming at the characteristic, the microwave equipment is arranged in a grid in the citrus orchard A0And square AnThe microwave emitting direction of the microwave equipment is the four-side emitting direction, namely a square A1-An-1The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0And (4) transmitting. The microwave equipment is automatically started from outside to inside in sequence for microwave emission, the microwave frequency is 890 MHz or 2.45 GHz, the power is 1-5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10-180 s, the intermittent time is 1-15 min, and the combination of the parameters is the optimal process for killing the psyllids obtained by the experiment. Firstly, automatically opening the outermost square A of the orchardnThe microwave equipment on the orchard transmits microwaves to the inside and the outside of the orchard simultaneously, so that the psyllids in the orchard are killed and are driven to the inside of the orchard, the psyllids escaping to the outside of the orchard are killed, and the outside psyllids are isolated from entering the orchard again. Automatically opening the square A at intervals of 1-5 minn-1The microwave equipment emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 1-5 minn-2The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave equipment emits microwave, namely, the psyllids are killed and driven layer by layer from the outside of the orchard to the inside of the orchard, and finally are gathered and enclosed in a square A1And A0And at the moment, the microwave equipment on the A0 and the square A1 is kept to be automatically started, the other microwave equipment is automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 890 MHz or 2.45 GHz and the power of 0.5-2 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10-180 s, the intermittent time is 1-5 min, and the emission is carried out for 5-10 times, so that the psyllids can be completely killed. Every 7-15 days is a microwave emission period, after one period of microwave emission, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission in the next period is repeated, so that the long-term killing of the diaphorina citri is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the microwave equipment is arranged in a grid mode in the citrus orchard, the microwave equipment is automatically started from outside to inside in sequence to carry out microwave emission, the citrus psyllids can be gradually driven and killed from the outer layer of the orchard to the interior of the orchard, and finally the citrus psyllids are gathered and surrounded at the center of the orchard to achieve killing and prevent the psyllids from escaping.
(2) The microwave frequency, power and time combination is the best technique for killing the psyllids, and the combination does not cause any damage to citrus trees while killing the psyllids.
(3) The microwaves are covered in the citrus orchard, so that the citrus psyllid eggs and nymphs remained in the citrus orchard cause high-frequency oscillation damage and heat killing damage, and full-generation killing of the psyllids is realized.
(4) The microwave can kill various citrus pests such as red spider, leaf miner, rust tick, scale insect and the like while killing the citrus psylla.
(5) The method has an obvious effect of expelling the diaphorina citri, can reduce the detectable rate of the diaphorina citri in an orchard by more than 90 percent, greatly limits the capability of the diaphorina citri to spread the citrus yellow shoot, can effectively prevent the spread of the yellow shoot, does not need to use chemical agents, and is an ecological, environment-friendly and efficient method for killing the diaphorina citri.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves comprises the following steps:
(1) microwave equipment arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of arranging microwave equipment in a divided grid manner in a citrus orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps: drawing a citrus orchard plan view to the center of gravity A of the orchard plan view0Sequentially drawing transverse and longitudinal straight lines at an interval of 50 m as a center, intersecting to form grid lines and covering the whole orchard plan view, and respectively forming a plan view A04 squares A as centers1-A4At A0And A1-A4The grid lines of the grid lines are respectively provided with microwave equipment, the microwave equipment emits plane waves, the plane waves are pulse waves, the pulse width of the pulse waves is 150 ms, and the pulse waves are intermittentInterval is 50 ms, A0And square A4The microwave emitting direction of the microwave equipment is the four-side emitting direction, namely a square A1-A3The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0Transmitting;
(2) killing and repelling diaphorina citri by microwave: automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in a citrus orchard at an average temperature of 12 ℃ in 0-4 hours in the morning, and specifically comprising the following steps: automatic open outmost square A in orchard4The microwave equipment performs microwave emission, and the square A is automatically opened at an interval of 3 min3The microwave equipment on the device emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 3 min2The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave equipment transmits microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is 2.45 GHz, the power is 3 KW, the single microwave transmission time of each microwave equipment is 90 s, and the intermittent time is 8 min;
(3) killing gathered diaphorina citri by microwave: maintaining A at an average temperature of 12 deg.C during the morning of 4-5 hours0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically turned on, other microwave equipment is automatically turned off, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the power of 1KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 120 s, the intermittent time is 3 min, the emission is carried out for 10 times, and then A is automatically turned off0And square A1The microwave device above;
(4) repeating microwave emission: every 10 days is a microwave emission period, after the microwave emission of one period, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission of the next period is repeated, so that the long-term killing of the diaphorina citri is realized.
In the embodiment, the microwave irradiation is performed in a navel orange orchard with an area of 54 mu, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave irradiation, 87 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 87%, after 3 cycles of the microwave irradiation for 30 days in the embodiment, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 7 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 7%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 92.0%, and the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Example 2:
a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves comprises the following steps:
(1) microwave equipment arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of arranging microwave equipment in a divided grid manner in a citrus orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps: drawing a citrus orchard plan view to the center of gravity A of the orchard plan view0Sequentially drawing transverse and longitudinal straight lines at intervals of 30 m as a center, intersecting to form grid lines and covering the whole orchard plan, and respectively forming a plan A04 squares A as centers1-A4At A0And A1-A4The grid lines of the grid lines are respectively provided with microwave equipment, the microwave equipment emits plane waves, the plane waves are pulse waves, the pulse width of the pulse waves is 200 ms, the intermittent time is 100 ms, A0And square A4The microwave emitting direction of the microwave equipment is the four-side emitting direction, namely a square A1-A3The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0Transmitting;
(2) killing and repelling diaphorina citri by microwave: automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in a citrus orchard at an average temperature of 20 ℃ in 0-4 hours in the morning, and specifically comprising the following steps: automatic open outmost square A in orchard4The microwave equipment performs microwave emission, and the square A is automatically opened at an interval of 2 minn-1The microwave equipment on the device emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 2 min2The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave equipment transmits microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is 915 MHz, the power is 2 KW, the single microwave transmitting time of each microwave equipment is 120 s, and the intermittent time is 12 min;
(3) killing gathered diaphorina citri by microwave: maintaining A at an average temperature of 20 deg.C during morning 4-5 hours0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically started, other microwave equipment is automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 915 MHz and the power of 0.5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 180 s, the intermittent time is 5 min, emission is carried out for 6 times, and then the microwave equipment is automatically startedDynamic closure A0And square A1The microwave device above;
(4) repeating microwave emission: every 7 days is a microwave emission period, after the microwave emission of one period, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission of the next period is repeated, so that the long-term killing of the diaphorina citri is realized.
In the embodiment, the method is carried out in a sugar orange orchard with an area of 19 mu, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave emission, a total of 80 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 80%, after 3 cycles of the microwave emission for 21 days in the embodiment, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, a total of 7 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 7%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 91.3%, and the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Example 3:
a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves comprises the following steps:
(1) microwave equipment arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of arranging microwave equipment in a divided grid manner in a citrus orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps: drawing a citrus orchard plan view to the center of gravity A of the orchard plan view0Sequentially drawing transverse and longitudinal straight lines at intervals of 20 m as a center, intersecting to form grid lines and covering the whole orchard plan, and respectively forming a plan A05 squares A as centers1-A5At A0And A1-AnRespectively arranging microwave equipment on the intersection points of the grid lines, wherein the microwave equipment emits plane waves which are continuous waves, A0And square A5The microwave emitting direction of the microwave equipment is the four-side emitting direction, namely a square A1-A4The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0Transmitting;
(2) killing and repelling diaphorina citri by microwave: automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in a citrus orchard at an average temperature of 10 ℃ in 0-4 hours in the morning, and specifically comprising the following steps: automatic open outmost square A in orchard5The microwave equipment can emit microwave automatically at intervals of 1 minOpening square A4The microwave equipment on the device emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 1 min3The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave equipment transmits microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is 2.45 GHz, the power is 1KW, the single microwave transmission time of each microwave equipment is 180 s, and the intermittent time is 15 min;
(3) killing gathered diaphorina citri by microwave: maintaining A at 4-5 am with average temperature less than 14 deg.C or more than 18 deg.C0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically turned on, other microwave equipment is automatically turned off, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the power of 1.5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 60 s, the intermittent time is 4 min, the emission is carried out for 5 times, and then the microwave equipment A is automatically turned off0And square A1The microwave device above;
(4) repeating microwave emission: every 12 days is a microwave emission period, after the microwave emission of one period, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission of the next period is repeated, so that the long-term killing of the diaphorina citri is realized.
In the embodiment, the method is carried out in a navel orange orchard with the area of 13 mu, before microwave emission, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked, 61 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 61%, after 3 cycles of microwave emission for 36 days in the embodiment, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 6 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 6%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 90.2%, and the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Example 4:
a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves comprises the following steps:
(1) microwave equipment arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of arranging microwave equipment in a divided grid manner in a citrus orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps: drawing a citrus orchard plan view to the center of gravity A of the orchard plan view0Sequentially drawing transverse and longitudinal straight lines at an interval of 80 m as a center, intersecting to form grid lines and covering the whole orchard plan, and respectively forming a plan A03 squares A as centers1-A3At A0And A1-A3Respectively arranging microwave equipment on the intersection points of the grid lines, wherein the microwave equipment emits plane waves which are continuous waves, A0And square A3The microwave emitting direction of the microwave equipment is the four-side emitting direction, namely a square A1-A2The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0Transmitting;
(2) killing and repelling diaphorina citri by microwave: automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in a citrus orchard at an average temperature of 25 ℃ in 0-4 hours in the morning, and specifically comprising the following steps: automatic open outmost square A in orchard3The microwave equipment performs microwave emission, and the square A is automatically opened at an interval of 4 min2The microwave equipment on the device emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 4 min1The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave equipment emits microwaves with the frequency of 915 MHz and the power of 4 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 30 s, and the intermittent time is 3 min;
(3) killing gathered diaphorina citri by microwave: maintaining A at an average temperature of 25 deg.C at 4-5 am0And square A1The microwave equipment on the microwave equipment is automatically started, other microwave equipment is automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 915 MHz and the power of 1.5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10 s, the intermittent time is 1 min, the emission is carried out for 10 times, and then A is automatically closed0And square A1The microwave device above;
(4) repeating microwave emission: every 15 days is a microwave emission period, after the microwave emission of one period, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission of the next period is repeated, so that the long-term killing of the diaphorina citri is realized.
In the embodiment, 100 fruit trees in an orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave emission in an 80-mu area woolly citrus orchard, 91 citrus psyllids are found on trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 91%, after 3 periods of microwave emission for 45 days in the embodiment, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked, 9 citrus psyllids are found on trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 9%, and the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 90.1%, which shows that the effect of killing the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.
Example 5:
a method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves comprises the following steps:
(1) microwave equipment arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of arranging microwave equipment in a divided grid manner in a citrus orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps: drawing a citrus orchard plan view to the center of gravity A of the orchard plan view0Sequentially drawing horizontal and longitudinal straight lines at an interval of 100 m as a center, intersecting to form grid lines and covering the whole orchard plan, and respectively forming a plan A03 squares A as centers1-A3At A0And A1-AnThe grid lines of the grid lines are respectively provided with microwave equipment, the microwave equipment emits plane waves, the plane waves are pulse waves, the pulse width of the pulse waves is 50 ms, the intermittent time is 20 ms, A0And square A3The microwave emitting direction of the microwave equipment is the four-side emitting direction, namely a square A1-A2The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0Transmitting;
(2) killing and repelling diaphorina citri by microwave: automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in a citrus orchard at an average temperature of 13 ℃ in 0-4 hours in the morning, and specifically comprising the following steps: automatic open outmost square A in orchard3The microwave equipment performs microwave emission, and automatically opens the square A at an interval of 5 min2The microwave equipment on the device emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 5 min1The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave equipment transmits microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is 915 MHz, the power is 5 KW, the single microwave transmitting time of each microwave equipment is 10 s, and the intermittent time is 1 min;
(3) killing gathered diaphorina citri by microwave: maintaining A at an average temperature of 13 deg.C during the morning of 4-5 hours0And square A1In a microwave deviceThe microwave emission device is opened dynamically, other microwave devices are automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 915 MHz and the power of 2 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave device is 30 s, the intermittent time is 2 min, the microwave emission is carried out for 6 times, and then A is automatically closed0And square A1The microwave device above;
(4) repeating microwave emission: every 10 days is a microwave emission period, after the microwave emission of one period, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission of the next period is repeated, so that the long-term killing of the diaphorina citri is realized.
In the embodiment, the method is carried out in a navel orange orchard with an area of 388 mu, 100 fruit trees in the orchard are randomly spot-checked before microwave emission, 65 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 65%, the 100 fruit trees are repeatedly spot-checked after 3 cycles of microwave emission for 30 days in the embodiment, 7 citrus psyllids are found on the trees, the detection rate of the psyllids is 7%, the reduction ratio of the detection rate of the psyllids is 89.2%, and the effect of dispelling the citrus psyllids by microwaves is very obvious.

Claims (9)

1. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) microwave equipment arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of arranging microwave equipment in a divided grid manner in a citrus orchard, and specifically comprises the following steps: drawing a citrus orchard plan view to the center of gravity A of the orchard plan view0Sequentially drawing transverse and longitudinal straight lines at intervals of 20-100 m as a center, intersecting to form grid lines and covering the whole orchard plan, and respectively forming a plan view A0N squares A as centers1-AnWherein n is a natural number not less than 1, in A0And A1-AnMicrowave equipment is respectively arranged on the intersection points of the grid lines;
(2) killing and repelling diaphorina citri by microwave: when the average temperature is less than 14 ℃ or more than 18 ℃ and 0-4 hours in the morning, automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in the citrus orchard, wherein the microwave frequency is 890-940 MHz or 2.4-2.5 GHz, the power is 1-5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10-180 s, and the intermittent time is 1-15 min;
(3) killing gathered diaphorina citri by microwave: maintaining A at 4-5 am with average temperature less than 14 deg.C or more than 18 deg.C0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically started, other microwave equipment is automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 890 plus 940 MHz or 2.4-2.5 GHz and the power of 0.5-2 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 10-180 s, the intermittent time is 1-5 min, the emission is carried out for 5-10 times, and then A is automatically closed0And square A1The microwave device above;
(4) repeating microwave emission: every 7-15 days is a microwave emission period, after one period of microwave emission, the diaphorina citri, the psylla chinensis eggs and the psylla chinensis nymphs are killed, and when the diaphorina citri reappears in the orchard, the microwave emission of the next period is repeated, so that the diaphorina citri can be killed for a long time;
and (2) automatically starting microwave equipment from outside to inside in sequence to emit microwaves, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps: automatic open outmost square A in orchardnThe microwave equipment performs microwave emission, and the square A is automatically opened at an interval of 1-5 minn-1The microwave equipment emits microwave, and the square A is automatically opened again at an interval of 1-5 minn-2The microwave equipment emits microwaves, and the like, until A0The microwave device above performs microwave transmission.
2. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microwave equipment in the step (1) emits plane waves, wherein the plane waves are continuous waves or pulse waves.
3. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 2, wherein the microwave comprises the following steps: the pulse width of the pulse wave is 50-200 ms, and the intermittent time is 20-100 ms.
4. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 3, wherein the microwave comprises the following steps: a. the0And square AnIn the microwave device emits microwave directionFor four-side emission, square A1-An-1The microwave device on emits microwaves with the direction facing A0And (4) transmitting.
5. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the average temperature is 12 ℃ or 20 ℃.
6. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (2) automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in the citrus orchard, wherein the microwave frequency is 2.45 GHz, the power is 3 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 90 s, and the intermittent time is 8 min.
7. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 6, wherein the microwave comprises the following steps: in step (3), A is retained0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically turned on, other microwave equipment is automatically turned off, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the power of 1KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 120 s, the intermittent time is 3 min, the emission is carried out for 10 times, and then A is automatically turned off0And square A1The microwave device of (1).
8. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (2) automatically starting microwave equipment for microwave emission from outside to inside in sequence in the citrus orchard, wherein the microwave frequency is 915 MHz, the power is 2 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 120 s, and the intermittent time is 12 min.
9. The method for killing diaphorina citri by microwaves according to claim 8, wherein the microwave comprises the following steps: in step (3), A is retained0And square A1The microwave equipment is automatically started, other microwave equipment is automatically closed, microwave emission is carried out at the frequency of 915 MHz and the power of 0.5 KW, the single microwave emission time of each microwave equipment is 180 s, and the microwave emission time is intermittentThe time interval is 5 min, and the emission is carried out for 6 times.
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