Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that can comprehensively control oranges and tangerines wood louse and yellow twig in citrus orchard
Citrus orchard of the present invention is controlled the method for oranges and tangerines wood louse and yellow twig, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(a) plant windbreak forests: the wind break that has 2 ~ 3 layers of trees in the surrounding plantation of citrus orchard at least;
(b) prevent and treat and kill around citrus orchard 2000m with the oranges and tangerines wood louse on interior oranges and tangerines wood louse host, medicament used is the conventional insecticide that kills the oranges and tangerines wood louse, the spray medicine is regularly routine spray of annual late Febuary, the first tenday period of a month in May, late August and late November medicine, to kill the oranges and tangerines wood louse;
(c) prevent and treat and kill the interior oranges and tangerines wood louse of citrus orchard, be each young sprout budding period oranges and tangerines wood louse control period of citrus orchard, spray medicine in every tip phase, the keypoint control phase is early summer shoot phase and early autumn growth phase, usually, if find citrus psylla, spray the medicine control at once, medicament used is the conventional insecticide that kills the oranges and tangerines wood louse, and conventional spray medicine is to kill citrus psylla.
Described wind break is preferably 3 layers, 2 layers of Eucalyptus Stand Eucalyptus sp. wherein, 1 layer of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation Casuarina equisetifoliaL.
The spray medicine of described step (2) be annual late Febuary, the first tenday period of a month in May, late August and late November regularly conventional spray medicine each once, annual 4 times.
The spraying medicine in every tip phase and preferably spray medicine 1-2 time in every tip phase of described step (3).
The inventor finds, if plant windbreak forests around citrus orchard, and when controlling citrus orchard oranges and tangerines wood louse, the oranges and tangerines wood louse of neighboring area is sprayed medicine to be killed (if there is non-citrus oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant in citrus orchard, also spray the medicine control), in citrus orchard, the control efficiency of citrus psylla can significantly improve, and the incidence of disease of yellow twig is extremely low.How the present invention is implemented in the orchard, observation through nearly 5 years, result shows, citrus orchard oranges and tangerines wood louse control efficiency is stable, the Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen incidence of disease is low, can be controlled at below 0.1 ‰, so the present invention is applicable to the citrus orchard of different area, different cultivars, especially the long new orchard of implantation time.The present invention can the effectively preventing citrus psylla and is controlled the generation of yellow twig, but can not treat the disease tree that yellow twig has occured, and for the disease tree that yellow twig occurs, after confirming as the sick tree of yellow twig, roots out disease and sets.
Embodiment:
Following examples are to further illustrate of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Select one of them growing area 505th district, Xia Cheng garden of a large-scale production to implement technical scheme of the present invention, in the garden orange Olympic reaches the plantation summer, and the oranges and tangerines nursery stock is nontoxic seedling, approximately 20000 mu of cultivated areas, line-spacing 7m, spacing in the rows 3m, the enforcement mechanized operation garden in.Implement the sward cultivation in the ranks, keep weeds.
1, plant windbreak forests: afforestation around the orchard, specification is 2 layers of Eucalyptus Stand Eucalyptus sp., 1 layer of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation Casuarina equisetifoliaL.
2, the oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant around the investigation orangery
Oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant, comprise the plant that all can provide the life of oranges and tangerines wood louse, be mainly Rutaceae Rutaceae plant, wherein focal investigation comprises that oranges and tangerines Citrus spp., Murraya Murraya, Clausena Clausena, Jiu Bing le belong to the plant of Atalantia and Fortunella Fortunella.
Around growing area 505th district wherein, investigation citrus orchard base, 2000m with interior oranges and tangerines wood louse main host plants, comprises mandarin tree Citrus spp., teak C.maxima, wampee Clausena lansium, kamuning Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacks etc.Record investigation result, draw oranges and tangerines wood louse main host plants plant distribution situation, so that the control of spray medicine.Because shaddock class tree type is tall and big, therefore separate investigation statistics with other citrus plants in investigation.
The present invention investigates and finds that citrus orchard has 9 places outward and has oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant to exist, and presses the host plant distributed points from the near to the remote apart from concluding as table 1.
Table 1: citrus orchard 505 growing area surrounding area oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant kinds, quantity and distribution distance
As shown in table 1, around the oranges and tangerines plantation, 2000m is with oranges and tangerines wood louse host plants such as interior mandarin tree, teak, wampee, kamuning, and the host plant sum reaches 803 strains, wampee 684 strains, mandarin tree 83 strains, grapefruit 16 strains, kamuning 20 strains.Wherein, distributed points is apart from citrus orchard 200m recently, and this distance has 42 strains of oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant, is respectively wampee 35 strains, mandarin tree 5 strains, grapefruit 2 strains, there is no the kamuning growth; Distributed points is apart from oranges and tangerines 1500m recently, and this distance has 14 strains of oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant, is respectively wampee 10 strains, mandarin tree 2 strains, grapefruit 0 strain, kamuning 2 strains.
3, prevent and treat and kill around citrus orchard growing area 505th district the oranges and tangerines wood louse on oranges and tangerines wood louse host plant in 2000m
Annual spray medicine 4 times.Spray date: the 1st time the 2nd time the 3rd time the 4th is in late November in late August in the first tenday period of a month in May in late Febuary.Common drug and working concentration: 5% 1000 times of the high chlorine microemulsions of first dimension salt, 1000 times of 3% acetamiprid ECs, 5% 4000 times of Avermectin breasts, 5000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, routine sprays.Each medicine uses in turn.To kill the oranges and tangerines wood louse.
4, prevent and treat and kill oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard growing area 505th district
Spray medicine 1-2 time in every tip phase.The orange young budding period, especially early summer shoot and early keypoint control during autumn growth.During operation, carry out simultaneously with phyllocnistis citrella stainton, add control oranges and tangerines wood louse medicament in phyllocnistis citrella stainton control medicament.Common drug and the working concentration of control oranges and tangerines wood louse medicament: 5% 1000 times of the high chlorine microemulsions of first dimension salt, 1000 times of 3% acetamiprid ECs, 5% 4000 times of Avermectin breasts, 5000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, routine sprays.At ordinary times in insect pest situation generaI investigation as find to have the oranges and tangerines wood louse to occur, the medicine control is sprayed in the citrus orchard plot that occurs at once.Prophylactico-therapeutic measures sprays medicament take biologic product as main take the spray medicine as main.
5, the oranges and tangerines wood louse in investigation citrus orchard growing area 505th district
5.1 investigation method:
Comprise conventional survey and focal investigation.
Conventional survey is per month the mandarin tree in full citrus orchard growing area 505th district to be carried out the insect pest situation conventional survey, and in the investigation garden, the insects such as two spotted spider mite, citrus leaf-miner, coccid, oranges and tangerines wood louse, generally investigate in the garden, a situation arises, and investigation is carried out 1 time per month.
Focal investigation is the first tenday period of a month in late April to May (early summer shoot budding period), late July to the early August (early autumn growth budding period) in every year easily to find 2 periods of oranges and tangerines wood louse, a situation arises for special investigation oranges and tangerines wood louse, particularly to easily the sink mandarin tree in plot in plot, nearly village of shortcut limit, crossing, air port, low-lying air-flow, carry out emphasis and repeatedly investigate.
Investigation method is the range estimation investigation.During investigation, around one week of sample tree, the adult that observes of record, simultaneously every strain tree by east, south, west, north, in five directions select 3 branch, the young sprout of selection 3-4cm when young sprout is taken out, investigation records oranges and tangerines wood louse adult, nymph and ovum.During investigation, if afternoon, sunshine was stronger, focal investigation vacuum side of blade backlight.The record investigation is to adult, nymph and ovum quantity.
4.2 investigation result
Every row investigation strain 10 trees, the first row is investigated this row 1-10 strain, and every two row are investigated the 11-20 strain of this row, so analogize, the continuation of turning back during to capable end.Investigate altogether 3600 strain mandarin trees.
In experiment garden (citrus orchard growing area 505th district), adult, nymph and ovum show as Fig. 1 in different months in annual, can find out that adult is having a peak period the annual 4-5 month, and second peak appears in the 7-8 month, sometimes have a little high honeybee phase appearance October; Nymph also has similar rule with ovum, but the different year peak value is different.
Oranges and tangerines wood louse adult quantity such as table 2, table 2 is for the upper adult of investigation sample tree is total per month, can find out, when just enforcement was of the present invention in 2008, adult quantity is the highest, and sum reaches 56/3600 strains, along with enforcement of the present invention, adult quantity reduces gradually, and the fraction of the year of 2009 to 2012, oranges and tangerines wood louse adult sum is respectively 35,27,24,17.in the single investigation, quantity occurs at most in July, 2008, reach 15/3600 strains, during the single investigation, statistical magnitude unit is head/3600 strains, a situation arises can't to react field oranges and tangerines wood louse adult, in addition because the index for control of oranges and tangerines wood louse finds in the field that for needing only the oranges and tangerines wood louse namely need prevent and treat, therefore, need quantity is changed, this paper is converted to oranges and tangerines wood louse adult quantity " head/mu " in unit are with " head/3600 strains " quantity, during conversion by every mu of 36 strains, table 2 is every mu of oranges and tangerines wood louse adult quantity after converting, it can be seen from the table, the highest insect density of adult is 0.15/mu, adult quantity is controlled in a low-down level.Be not difficult to find out from table 2, citrus orchard oranges and tangerines wood louse is not eradicated, and but can be controlled at a very low level of density.
Table 2: in the experiment garden oranges and tangerines wood louse adult a situation arises
Annotate: A. early summer shoot sprouts, and B. summer shoot in evening is sprouted, and C. early autumn growth sprouts, and the D. tip in late fall is sprouted
After this citrus orchard growing area 505th district enforcement was processed with the present invention, its yellow twig tree rate was as shown in table 3 from 2008:
Table 3: the yellow twig tree rate of different year
Time |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
Yellow twig tree rate (%) |
0.8 |
0.65 |
0.38 |
0.22 |
0.01 |
As can be seen from Table 3, implemented technical scheme of the present invention at this citrus orchard from 2008, yellow twig tree rate drops to 0.01% from 0.8%, this shows, utilizes the present invention effectively to control and to treat citrus yellow shoot disease.
Comparative Examples 1:
HaoTian orchard, Lechang, Shaoguan, 1000 mu, plantation in 2009, kind is navel orange, is nontoxic seedling during plantation.Without wind break, and do not investigate and control oranges and tangerines wood louse in the citrus orchard surrounding environment around this citrus orchard, according to the method for embodiment 1, only prevent and treat the oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard.
On January 23rd, 2012, the survey showed that, and in citrus orchard, the yellow twig incidence surpasses 60%, and have the oranges and tangerines wood louse to exist, and in a nursery of discarding, has on the citrus orchard of the tender tip in the garden, has oranges and tangerines wood louse adult.
This shows, only prevent and treat oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard, is to reach the requirement of controlling yellow twig.
Comparative Examples 2:
BeiHair-Xia Cheng orchard, 3000 mu, plantation in 1998, kind is the summer orange, is nontoxic seedling during plantation.Have wind break, wind break is: 1 layer of horsetail beefwood of 2 layers of Eucalyptus Stand, do not investigate and control oranges and tangerines wood louse in the citrus orchard surrounding environment, and only prevent and treat oranges and tangerines wood louse in citrus orchard.
Full garden yellow twig outburst in 2003, between 2005-2008, mandarin tree is all rooted out.
By embodiment 1, Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2 can be found out, simple wind break or the simple citrus psylla in citrus orchard are prevented and treated all and can not be controlled and treat citrus yellow shoot disease, only have organically wind break, prevent and treat and kill the citrus psylla in 2000 meters around citrus orchard, prevent and treat and kill three means of citrus psylla in citrus orchard in conjunction with can effectively controlling and prevent and treat citrus yellow shoot disease.